Biography
Kwincoko malunga neembongi ezinkulu zenkulungwane yama-20, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungawukhankanyi umsebenzi kaJoseph Bhrodsky. Ungumntu obaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi lemibongo. UBroDsky wayenebhayiloji enzima - intshutshiso, ukungaqondi, inkundla kunye nesalathiso. Watyhalela umbhali ukuba ahambe e-USA, apho wafumana khona ukwamkelwa koluntu.
Imbongi - isidima sazisiphelo uJoseph Bhuffy wazalwa ngoMeyi 24, ngo-1940 eLeningrad. Utata wenkwenkwe wasebenza ngumfoti zomkhosi, i-akhawunti kamama. Xa kwiminyaka yoo-1950 kumanqanaba amagosa, "ukucocwa" kwamaYuda kwaqhutywa kumanqanaba amagosa, utata wafudukela kwifotokophelo kwiphephandaba.
Iminyaka yabantwana kaJosefu iyangqubana nemfazwe, ibhloko yeLeningrad, indlala. Intsapho yasinda, njengamakhulu amawaka abantu. Ngo-1942, umama wakhe wathabatha uYosefu wafuduswa ukuba abonwabileyo. ELeningrad, babuya emva kwemfazwe.
I-BroDSKY iphosa isikolo, ngokungafanelekanga ukuya kwiBanga lesi-8. Wayefuna ukunceda usapho lwakhe, ndiye ndaya emsebenzini kumatshini wokuncedisa kwifektri. Emva koko uYosefu wayefuna ukuba ngumqhubi-ukuba akazange asebenze. Ngasihlandlo sithile wayenomdla wokuba ngugqirha kwaye wade wasebenza eMorgue, kodwa kungekudala watshintsha ingqondo. Kwiminyaka eliqela, uJoseph Bhuffy watshintsha uninzi lobugcisa: Ngalo lonke eli xesha wenza imibongo, i-heationfical inyanga, efundela iilwimi zasemzini, wada waqokelela iilwimi ukuze afumane inqwelomoya. Kuyinyani, ityala alizange lihambe kwiimbono.
Uncwadi
UBrodsky uxele ukuba le mibongo yaqala ukubhala ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-18, nangona kukho imibongo emininzi ibhalwe kwiminyaka eli-16 ukuya kwengama-17. Kwixesha lokuqala lokuyila, wabhala "iKrisimesi" yeKrisimesi "," ilitye lesikhumbuzo ukuya kwi-Punckin "," ukusuka ngaphandle ukuya kwiziko "neminye imibongo. Kwixa elizayo, indlela yombhali yayinempembelelo ye-poetry m. Tsvetaeva, O. Makhmatova kwaye B. Yaba yiCanon-yabafana.
NgeAhmatova Brodsky wadibana ngo-1961. Akazange ayithandabuze italente yembongi yolutsha kwaye waxhasa ubuchule bukaYosefu, bekholelwa. Owona mbongo we-Brodsky Anna andreevna wayengabachukumisi, kodwa ubungakanani bobuntu bobume beSoviet.
Umsebenzi wokuqala owothusayo ngamandla eeSoviet, hla ngo-1958. Lo mbongo ibizwa ngokuba yi "Pilgrim". Emva kwakhe wabhala "isizungu." Apho, iBrodsky izamile ukuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde yakhe kuye kunye nendlela yokuphuma kwimeko yangoku, xa amaphephandaba nakwimagazini avale iminyango phambi kwembongi.
NgoFebruwari 14, 1960, UJoseph Bhrodsky waqala wenziwa kwi-Leningrad "yoKhuphiswano lweembongi". Wafunda "amaJuda", obangela isikhubekiso esinzulu kwiisangqa zoncwadi nakwizangqa zoluntu. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, inqaku elibhalwe nguBrodsky lapapashwa 'kwi-Lebradrad ", iikowuteshini ezivela kuYosefu" kwaye kwanikezelwa eminye imisebenzi kuyo. Ababhali be-paskville baququzelela imigca kwimo yomxholo, evakalayo njengesityholo sembongi sithanda ilizwe lomnye umntu. UJoseph Bodsky waqalisa ukulandela onke amanqanaba.
NgoJanuwari 1964, kwi "Leaningrad enye", iileta "abemi abahluphekayo" zapapashwa, bafuna ukohlwaya imbongi, kwaye ngoFebruwari 13, ababhali babanjwa ngengoma. Ngemini elandelayo, egumbini lalinokubetha kwentliziyo. Iingcinga zeBrodsky yelo xesha ziqikelelwa ngokucacileyo kwiindinyana "Molo, ndiluphala" kwaye "yintoni onokundixelela yona ngobomi?".
Ukulimala kokuqala kubekwe phantsi komthwalo onzima kwimbongi. Imeko ikhule ngenxa yokuqhekezwa kobudlelwane ne-marina ethandekayo kaMarinanova. Ngenxa yoko, i-brodsky yathatha inzame yokushiya ubomi, kodwa ayiphumelelanga.
Ngo-1970, umbhali wabhala lo mbongo esithi "Ungaphumi egumbini", apho kwakujongeka khona apho umntu anikwa khona abantu baseSoviet.
Intshutshiso iqhubekile de kwangoMeyi 1972, xa iBrodsky yanika ukhetho - isibhedlele sengqondo okanye ukufuduka. UJoseph Alexandrovich wayesele enobusibhedlele ngengqondo, kwaye, njengoko wayetshilo, wayembi kakhulu kunentolongo. I-BroDSKy ikhetha ukufuduka. Ngo-1977, imbongi yamkelekile ukuba ngummi waseMelika.
Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe kwilizwe lemveli, imbongi izame ukuhlala eRashiya. Uthumele ileta eya kuLeonid Brezhnev ngokwakhe isicelo sokusombulula ilizwe ubuncinci njengomguquleli. Kodwa ikamva le-nobel Laureate leva.
UJoseph Bodsky uthatha inxaxheba kumnyhadala womongo wehlabathi eLondon. Emva koko wafundisa imbali yoncwadi lwaseRussia kunye nemibongo eMichigan, eColombian naseNew York Univery. Ngokufanayo, wabhala isincoko ngesiNgesi kwaye waguqulelwa kwisiNgesi se-English Vladimir Nabokov. Ngo-1986, ingqokelela ye-Brodsky "yomanyano oluncinci" lwaphuma, kwaye kunyaka olandelayo wafumana ibhaso likaNobel kwicandelo loncwadi.
Kwisithuba se-1985-1989, imbongi yabhala "imbongi yoBawo", "intetho" kunye nesincoko "kwigumbi elinye elinye". Kwezi ndinyana kunye neproses-yonke intlungu yomntu ovunyelwe ukuba achithe kwindlela yokugqibela yabazali.
Xa i-petterroika yaqala kwi-USSR, imibongo kaJoseph Alexandrovich ishicilele ngenkani iimagazini zoncwadi kunye namaphephandaba. Ngo-1990, eSoviet Union yaqalisa ukupapasha iincwadi zembongi. UBrodsky ufumene isimemo esivela kwilizwe lasekhaya, kodwa wayehlala ethandabuza kolu tyelelo- wayengafuni kuqwalaselwa koomatshini bokushicilela kunye noluntu. Ubunzima bembuyekezo bubonakalisiwe kwimibongo ethi "I-ika", "ileta eya kwi-oasis" kunye nabanye.
Ubomi Buqu
Umculi uMarina Basmanova, awayedibana naye ngo-1962, waba luthando lokuqala lukaJoseph bhrodsky. Badibana ixesha elide, emva koko bahlala kunye. Ngo-1968, uMarina noJosefu babenonyana uAndrei, kodwa ngokuzalwa komntwana, ubudlelwane baba mandundu. Kwangonyaka bahlukana.
Ngo-1990, wadibana noMaria SC. -I-Italian Aristocrat enengcambu yeRussia kumgca woomama. Kwangalo mnyaka, iBrodky yamtshata, kwaye kwiminyaka emithathu yayinomntombi uAna. Ngelishwa, ukubona ukuba le ntombi ikhula kanjani, uJoseph Bhrodsky akazange amiselwe.
Imbongi yaziwa ngokuba ngumtshayelo odumileyo. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi emine egqithisiweyo entliziyweni, akazange aphose ukutshaya. Oogqirha bacebise kakhulu bhuti brodsky ukuba babophe umkhwa owonakalisayo, awaphendula wathi: "Ubomi bumangalisa ngoba kungenxa yokuba akukho ziqinisekiso, hayi."
NdisawaJoseph Bhrodsky eyamkela iikati. Waphikisa ukuba ezi zidalwa azinantshukumo embi. Kwiifoto ezininzi, uMdali udutyulwe ngekati ezingalweni zakhe.
Ngenkxaso yombhali eNew York, iarhente yaseRussia ye-Samovar ivulwe. Abanini bamaziko abaphethe i-Kaplan yaseRoma kunye ne-mikhail baryshnikov. UJoseph Bodsky utyalelwe kule projekthi yinxalenye yemali evela kwibhaso le-Nobel. Iresityu iba ngumqondiso we-Russia eNew York.
Ukufa
Wanengxaki ka-Angina, ngaphambi kokufuduka. Imeko yempilo yembongi yayingazinzanga. Ngo-1978, wenza utyando lwentliziyo, iklinikhi yaseMelika yathumela ileta esemthethweni eya kwi-USSR ngesicelo sokuvumela abazali bakaYosefu ukuba bashiye ukhathalelo. Abazali ngokwabo bafake isicelo kangangezihlandlo ezili-12, kodwa ngaxeshanye balile. Ukususela ngo-1964 ukuya ku-1994, iBrodky ihluphekile, ayizange ibabukele abazali bakhe. Umama wombhali wafa ngo-1983, kwaye emva konyaka ayengazange angenzi noyise. Abasemagunyeni baseSoviet balile ukuza emngcwabeni esikolweni. Ukusweleka kwabazali kwaphatha impilo yembongi.
NgoJanuwari 27, 1996, uJoseph Bhuffsky wasonga iphothifoliyo, wamnqwenela umfazi wobusuku obuhle kwaye wavuka eofisini - kwakufuneka asebenze phambi kwesemester yasentwasahlobo. Ngentsasa kaJanuwari 28, 1996, umfazi wafumana iqabane ngaphandle kwezimpawu zobomi. Oogqirha babethetha ukufa kuhlaselo lwentliziyo.
Kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba umntu afe, imbongi yathenga indawo emangcwabeni eNew York, hayi kude kwigumbi lesandi. Apho, wangcwatywa, emva kokwenza ukuthanda kwembongi yembongi, othi, de kube sekuncwina kokugqibela, balithanda ilizwe lakhe.
NgoJuni 1997, uJoseph Bhuff's umzimba wamohlwaya eVenice kwi-Sann Cormemery Cormemery.
Ngo-2005, kwavulwa ityesi yokuqala yembongi ivulwe eSt. Petersburg.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1965 - "Umbongo kunye nemibongo"
- Ngo-1982 - "Ubukroji baseRoma"
- Ngo-1984 - "uMarble"
- Ngo-1987 - "U-Uranius"
- Ngo-1988 - "Yima entlango"
- 1990 - "Amanqaku eFern"
- 1991 - "Umbongo"
- Ngo-1993 - "Cappadocia. Imibongo "
- Ngo-1995 - "kwindawo ekufutshane neAtlantis. Imibongo emitsha "
- 1992-1995 - "Imisebenzi kaJoseph Bhrodsky"