Imbali yomlinganiswa
"Inkosi neMargarita" - Incwadi kaMikhail Bulgakov, onomdla wokufunda kwengqondo ukusukela ngo-1967. Abalandeli abadala bombhali ongacacanga bafunde le noveli, ngalinye lifumana i-theworic entsha yomsebenzi, kwaye isizukulwana esitsha siza kuwuxuba amaphepha kaMesiya kunye ne-Gelle, Azalisello, iHelpo noKoroviev. I-mikhail afanasweswesivevich ikwazile ukusebenza kwimifanekiso emangalisayo eyenza ukucinga:"Ke yintoni eyinxalenye yamandla awasoloko efuna ububi kwaye ihlala inceda?".Imbali kunye neeprototypes
I-Bulgakov yayifana nogqirha onobuchule kunye neproseyini nendoda engaqondakaliyo. Ipilpe yemfihlakalo, ethuswe yibhayiloji yombhali, ayiniki xolo ziingcali zezazinzulu zizama ukuqokelela zonke iinyani kunye. Ke ngoko, umbuzo lixesha lokuba i-mikhail afanaasilevich yeza nenkosi kunye neMargarita, ihlala ivulekile, kodwa abaphathi boncwadi bayavuma ukuba ooyiki lwenziwa ngo-1928-1929.
Ngapha koko, kwiindawo ze-miselail afananaasilevich, kwakungekho mgca wothando wombhali ongenamagama kwisigqoko esimnyama kunye nebhinqa elityheli "elinethambile". Ekuqaleni, ugqirha waqalisa ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga noMtyholi: Kwincwadana ekhethekileyo, amaphepha anqabileyo agcinwa kwiSikhombisi, iMikhail Orlov Hores, echaza amandla anqabileyo.
Ngo-1930, iBulgakov yafumana ukwala kwiKomiti eyiNtloko: Kule leta kwathiwa "(kaBala Scoursash" (1929) bekungavunyelwanga ukuba imele i-Thevest, ke i-mikhaasilevich ilahle amanqaku kwi-oveni. Kodwa, njengokuba uyazi, "imibhalo-ngqangi ayivuthanga," uninzi lweevenkile, ezizeziimpawu ezimbini ezinamaphepha, zasinda.
Ngo-1932, i-mikhail afaanyevich iphinda ibuyele kwimbono yayo kwaye ihleli phantsi ukuze ibhale inoveli, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-zuricism yombhali. Kuyinyani, i-Bulgakov ixhomekeke kwi-Dlossic Biblic Biblic kwaye yenza uMtyholi kunye noMhendi kunye neMikhosi, ngelixa kwinguqulelo yokugqibela yeWalamente isebenza njengeNgqina kwaye ibukele. Ngo-1940, impilo kaBulgakov iqala ukonakaliswa kakhulu: Isifo sezintso safunyanwa kubuhlakani boncwadi.
I-mikhail afanasilevich iboshwe ukulala kwaye, ukoyisa iintlungu ezomeleleyo, ukucaca kwi-Elena ye-Elena ye-Elena, kwiintsuku ze-Steppeev, kwiintsuku ezingenamafu eGriboedov kunye nethiyetha ".
Ukukhanya kweRoma ukubona ukukhanya kuphela ngo-1966 (67), umhlolokazi wombhali wamvumela lo mbhalo malunga neminyaka engamashumi amabini. I-Woland yaba ngomnye wabalinganiswa abaqaqambileyo nabanokukhathalela. Eli Hroneli alikho i-prototype yokwenyani, kuba umfanekiso we-mage omnyama uyaqokelela. Umbhali uthe:
"Andifuni ukunika izizathu zokubalandeli zikhangela iiprototypes. I-vond ayinazifototypes. "UMikhail Bulgakov obizwa ngokuba nguMesiya ngoyena mntu ulichasayo kwamazulu - uSathana. Ubuncinci, i-anaglogy kunye nemfesane yenkolo yobungendawo ibonakala ngathi ngabaphengululi babonakala ngokucacileyo. Ukongeza, umbhali wathembela kumqolo ophambili, imbongi yaseJamani yaseJohanna Guete, eyayizise le nto kwihlabathi 'elisebuntweni lakhe eKiev, eBulgakov, wavuya ukumamela igama elinye likaCharles Pudner.
Ngapha koko, uWalela unesisa ngendlela engendawo umoya ongendawo, ngaphandle koko, ebhekisa kulo mlinganiso kwinoveli yase-Erigraph kunye nesahluko sama-29, xa kubeka i-chin ebukhali kwinqindi lakhe, elungiselela ukwahlula ne-moscow. Ngale ndlela, ukufana komfanekiso oqingqiweyo we "Mefisktofel", eyenziwe nge-marble nguMark Antorthska, ifunyenwe. Ewe, kwaye inkosi ekwiinguqulelo zokuqala yabizwa ngokuba yi-Gaust.
I-Placord Radwipy Radzinsky yabona ukufana phakathi kweWolend noJoseph Stalin, kwaye abanye abaphandi banxulumana nompostile uPetros kunye nokuza kukaYesu Krestu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izithsaba zoncwadi zinomdla kwintsingiselo kaMtyholi. Inyani yile yokuba kwi-Dolklore Dolklore Delmon ebizwa ngokuba nguBhiley, ngelixa eFauste, Mefisktofeel ethetha ibinzana:
"Indoda yeWoledley iya!".Umfanekiso
I-mikhail bulgakov echazwe ngokweenkcukacha inkangeleko ye-vond evela kumaphepha okuqala omsebenzi, ngenxa yoko abafundi abanangxaki yokumelwa komfanekiso wegorha. I-hyptist yavela phambi koMlawuli wevenkile yencwadi ene-brunette emde kwaye egudileyo evaliweyo, kunye ne-curves yomlomo (ikona itsalwa ezantsi) kwaye ngamehlo ahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, kwimbonakalo yobuso bukaMesiya, isabelo sokumangala salandelwa.
Amehlo kaMtyholi ayehlukile komnye nomnye: iliso lasekunene lalisele lingenanto, limnyama, limnyama, elinye laliluhlaza. Abalandeli be-bulgakov bacinga ukuba inkosi "ye-Roma" kunye neMargarita "ziindawo ezifanayo eziza kufumana kuphela umntu othanda kakhulu lo msebenzi.
Ewe, ngembonakalo yommeli wecala eliqaqambileyo - Yewea Ga-Nozri - Ungafumana i-ency yeWalas, kunye neNdlela. Xa umvukeli wavela uPilato Pilato, ubukhangele ngolu hlobo: kwikona yomlomo kwabakho ukopha, iliso lasekhohlo lihlole ukutruyike. Ulusu lobuso lwe-magian emnyama lwalulungiswa, ngelixa xa kusenziwa uYesu, ilanga elitshiswa litshonile.
Ngapha koko, i-voland yayinoncumo oloyikisayo, kwaye ayisiyo kuphela umlomo othusiweyo, kodwa namazinyo akhe: Kwelinye icala, igolide. USathana wavela phambi kwe-Ivan I-Ivan engenakhaya kunye ne-mikhail berlioz kwisuti ebiza ixabiso, izihlangu ezihlawulelweyo kunye ne-cane ene-poodle.
Ngendlela, apha i-Bulgakov inika irhafu "kwi-ruast", kuba uMefistofele wavela phambi konjingalwazi wesi silwanyana. I-Woland ihlala ilandela inyanga, eluphawu lwamandla ongahlambulukanga, kuba yonke into engaqondakaliyo iqhubeka phantsi kwesigqubuthelo sobusuku. Kunomdla kakhulu wokuba igama elithi "Damn": Abemi baseMoscow bahlala beva eRomanda: abahlali baseMoscow 'batsalwa' bengabizelwa lisebe, ngokungathi babiza uSathana.
"Yintoni na ngam? Oko kwakungazange ... yintliziyo ... ndanxunguphele. Mhlawumbi lixesha lokuba uyeke yonke into esihogweni kunye ne-kislovdsk ... "- uMikhail Berlioz wacinga, ukubona i-koroveev ekhulayo emoyeni.Phambi kweendwendwe, i-WHunds ivele kwifom engathandekiyo: kwihempe emdaka nenobusuku. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iimpahla ze-Yehhua, engu-Blue Blue, wajika waba yirag yeribhoni, apho bawula ababulali. Ebholeni, i-hypnetist ivela kwingubo emnyama, iigloves ezinkulu kunye nekrele.
Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba indlela yokuziphatha ye-voland ayiyonyani, kwaye ikhangeleka ngathi ziinjongo zeqonga: Kubonakala ngathi iguqukele kwaye ngequbuliso inyamalale, ngokungathi i-Actor yenqanaba lenqanaba lenqanaba.
INkosi yobumnyama ibambene kakhulu, ukuma, ihlala incuma kwincoko, inengqondo ebukhali kwaye yazi yonke into. Wayengakwazi kuphela ukuba i-anbashka iya kutshiza ioyile yelanga. Incwadi ithi uMtyholi akafi, onobuchule obuthile kwaye ukho ngexesha.
"Inkosi kunye neMargarita"
Kumsebenzi waseBulgakov, wezales wadlala esinye isibini, kodwa yindima esisiseko. Umntu wasemzini ovela kwi-robe emnyama ivela ekuqaleni kwenoveli kwaye ibonisa abafundi abangagunyaziswanga. Phakathi kwembongi ivan umhleli ongenamakhaya noncwadi, uMikhail Berlioz waqalisa incoko ngoThixo, kwaye edlula (kwaye mhlawumbi ebekhona) ye-WALDS ukuba azibandakanye kwincoko yabantu abangakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo.Kuyinyaniso ukuba, le ncoko ngosolusapho yaphela ngelishwa: UMikhail Alexandrovich ngokoqobo waphulukana nentloko, kwaye iqabane lakhe laphulukana nengqondo. Kodwa, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, i-goland yayingenanjongo yokukhuthaza okanye ityhutyha ububi, yayingenguye uMtyholi ohlala ehleba endlebeni yakhe: kuphela aboni bafumana i-curit kuphela yomdlalo. Kwinoveli, i-vond, indlela yokuziphatha okubi, ukubawa, ukungasebenzi, kwaye uMtyholi wajonga lo mbono kwaye wathi:
"Abantu abaqhelekileyo ... Ngokubanzi, khumbuza ngokufanayo ... Umbuzo weflethi uzibhokoxe ..."Universid wazi iingcinga zabantu kwangaphambili, kunjalo enoveli zisebenza umsebenzi wejaji. Inkalo eqaqambileyo ye-voland isesikweni, njengoko wonke umntu ufumana ngokholo lwayo. I-Woland ayiqhubeki iseshoni yomlingo kwi "Riandi" kwaye ukoyikisa abamelwane bendlu yamakhazi emfihlakalo enesitrato igadi enkulu ingama-302-i-BIs, kodwa ifanelana nebhola uSathana.
Umsitho kaMtyholi uhlanganisana kakhulu aboni: abagwebi, ababulali, ababandezeli, ubungqina, kunye nolunye ubalaseleyo lobuntu. Kwincopho, imeko ye-voland ne-Margarita yatyhilwa, kwaye abanye ababhali bade baphefumlelwa ngumlondolozi wokuphelisa, umzekelo, umbhali uPavel Sanaev obizwa ngokuba yiBhunga leVoland. "
Iifilimu
I-Mikhail Bulgakov iRomar izama ukukhusela abaLawuli abaHloniphekileyo izihlandlo ezininzi, kodwa, ngokungathi luhlobo oluthile lweemeko ezingaqondakaliyo, ayinguye wonke umntu okwazile ukwenza le nto. Kukho inkolelo ebizwa ngokuba yi-mikhail afanasilevich yayichasene nencwadi yencwadi kwizikrini zeTV, ke i-Damnshchina yenzeka kwimiphumo emiselweyo: Uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lukhona ngokuhlwaywa ngegama "Akunakwenzeka", emva koko kwaqala iinkqubo zomthetho.
Amarhe kunye neentetho zahamba emva kweVladimir Namov, ezazisebenzisa ngesctrigaraly iscript, iphupha i-Elena sergeyevna (umfazi ka-Bulgakov), ofuna ukurhoxisa umsebenzi kwifilimu. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, abalawuli bayakwazi ukukhupha imisebenzi emininzi:
- Ngo-1972 - "Inkosi neMargarita" (Italy, Yugoslavia, Alexander Perovich)
- Ngo-1988 - "Inkosi kunye neMargarita" (Poland, Mathsu Polyshko)
- 1994 - "Inkosi neMargarita" (iRussia, Yuri Kara)
- I-2005 - "Inkosi kunye neMargarita" (iRussia, Vladimir Bortko)
Abadlali
Uluhlu lwabadlali abaye bakwazi ukuzama kwindima ye-ASMaland, incinci. Owokuqala okokuqala awazisayo kwidemon engafunekiyo yayingu-French no-Actor wase-Itali Kyuni, ababedlalela kumfanekiso ka-1972. Ifilimu yahluke kakhulu kumbhali wokuqala, nangona inikezelwe ibhaso lesizwe kunye nebhaso le-ICF eVenice. UKyuni ukwazile ukungena kwindima, kodwa engapheliyo akafane ne-volot: endaweni ye-Trenet, abaphulaphuli babone indoda engwevu kwingubo engwevu.
Ngo-1988, uMlawuli wePolish Matsu Volyshkov wathatha i-Russian Burshkov, okwazile ukoyisa uphononongo oluhle lwabaphulaphuli kunye nabalandeli be-mikhail affanasilevich, kuba uhlolo lwe-mini-uthotho aluhlukile kwincwadi. Ngeli xesha, uGustav Maukh, oqhelene nazo ezifilimo, wathetha ngokufuduswa kweNkosi yesihogo: "Mnqamlezweni oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" (1965), "umlilo nekrele" (1999).
Ngapha koko, umfanekiso kaSathana wazama ukuya kwi-Geator ye-valentin ye-valentin yaseRussia, eyabona udliwanondlebe:
"Amagqabi am akangumofuni, kodwa isithunywa semikhosi yamakhosi!"I-valentin josetch yathi uMtyholi yeyona nto ilungileyo ye-bulgakovsky inoveli. Kwifilimu "Master kunye neMargarita", eyayidutyulwe ngo-1994, i-victor rakov, eNikolay Buravlev kunye nabanye abameli bezakhono zeCinematic.
Ngo-2005, iVladimir Bortko yathatha ummiselo woMthetho, kwaye kuya kuthiwa umlawuli uzama ukwandisa umbhalo obhaliweyo we-mikhail fanasilevich kwifilimu. Icandelo lomculo alizange lisilele, umxholo ophambili wolu ngcelele "i-hymn ye-voland" igor kornelyuk.
Ukusukela ixesha lefilimu egcweleyo epheleleyo akwanele, i-vladimir vladimirovich yenza uluhlu lwee-mini. Indima ye-voland ifumene u-Olet-balashvili. Inkangeleko yomlingisi ayihambelani nenkcazo, kodwa i-Olegi ValerAnovich isebenza kakuhle inkxaso yobumnyama.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba indima yokuqala kaMessira kwafuneka ifumane u-Oleg Yokovsky, kodwa umculi akazange afumane ikamva kwaye avume lo mfanekiso. Kwakhona uBothko wayethatyathwa garman olman, uJean Reno noClaus Mariapala. Ukongeza kwi-balashvili, edlalwe nguAlexander Galibin, Vladislav Galkin, Kirill Lavrov, Alexander Abdulov, Sergey Bezrav.
Iikowuti
"Ungaze ucele nantoni na! Akaze nakanye nantoni na, ngakumbi abo banamandla kunawe. Iya kuzisa bona, kwaye wonke umntu uza kuyinika yonke into! "Ewe, umntu ungokufa, kodwa uya kuba yipolbie ngakumbi. Kubi kukuba ngamanye amaxesha uyafa ngequbuliso, oko kugxilwe! Kwaye konke konke, ayinakuthetha into aza kuyenza ngokuhlwa namhlanje. "" Into, ukuthanda kwakhe ukukhohlisa emadodeni, kuphephe i-wayini, incoko yomthendeleko. Abantu abagulayo okanye bagula kakhulu, okanye bakuthiyile ngokufihlakeleyo abanye. Kuyinyani, ngaphandle kokuba kunokwenzeka. Phakathi kwabo baphathwe nam ngetafile, ngamanye amaxesha isikhuselo esimangalisayo saphuma kuwe! "" Sithetha nawe ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo, ngokungathi kunjalo, kodwa ungatshintshi Oku. "" Intshayelelo yesibini - yile nto engeyiyo! Ukutsha kuphela yi-on-qala, yeyokugqibela. Kwaye ukuba i-sturgeon yeyona nto intsha, emva koko kuthetha ukuba iqhutywa! "Iinyani ezinomdla
- I-cosmology "inkosi kunye neMargarita" zahlukile kwi-Dlosce's Ploce Bible yebhayibhile, nangona zimbini ezinamacala amabini okulunga nokubi encwadini. EBulgakov, bayalingana, kwaye "onke amasebe azibandakanye kwimicimbi." I-Woland ayikwazi ukuxolela uPilato noFrido, kwaye njalo uYehua akanalo ilungelo lokuthatha iinkosi.
- Ngokutsho kwamarhe, inoveli ikhuselwe eUnited States. Kwenzeka ntoni kwii-cunemasers zaseMelika- kunzima ukugweba, kodwa uthotho lweTV "
- Kwinguqulelo yokuqala ye-voland ebizwa ngokuba yi-astarotom, kwaye inoveli yanxiba amagama "injineli ye-hoof" kunye "mnyama".
- I-Bulgakov ichaze iWanddal njengomntu oneminyaka emiDed, kanti i-Master "inkosi kunye neMargarita" Olegvili yajika iminyaka engama-71. UPontiyo Pilato kwincwadi nawo omncinci, kodwa umlingisi (uCyril Lavrov), owenza indima yomthengisi, wayephantse ama-80.
- Kwidratshi ledrafti yenoveli, inkcazo yokubonakala kweWaland yahlala onke amaphepha amahlanu.