Biography
UNikita Khrushche VOwona manani empikiswano kwimbali ye-USSR. Waye 'ngunyana ohleliyo', enyuka waya eqongeni labasemagunyeni, nto leyo engazange ithintele ipolitiki ukuba ibhiyozele impumelelo kwi-Soviet Socience ye-JoseIt Stalin. I-Nikita yeNikitaevich yaba ngumhlangano oqaqambileyo weSoviet Union, intsilelo kunye nezinto eziphunyeziweyo ezithetha ngazo nababhali-mbali.
UNikita Sergeeevich Khrushchev wazalwa ngo-Epreli 15, 1894 kwilali yaseKalinovka Kalinovka Kark Sunts yosapho oluhlwempuzekileyo. I-Nikita yobuntwana ayinakubizwa ngokuba bonwabile, kuba ukusuka kubuncinci besi sahluko sexesha elizayo sika-USSR kwafuneka sisebenze ukunceda abazali ukuba banciphise iziphelo.
Imfundo yokuqala ye-Khrushchev ifunyenwe kwisikolo saseCawa-parisi, apho wafunda khona. Kwiholide yehlobo, inkwenkwe yayisebenza njengomalusi, kwaye ebusika awayefunda ukuze ubhale kwaye ufunde. Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1900s, usapho lwaBasebenzi bakaRhulumente lwaya eYuzku, apho uNikita Pergeevich waqala ukusebenza kwisityalo sokwakha somatshini ukusukela kwiminyaka eli-14 ubudala. Apha, le ndoda yafundiswa isivungu. Emva kweminyaka emi-4, uNikita wafudukela emsebenzini wamalahle kwaye wangena kwiqela le-bolsheviks, kwiindawo ezazithathe inxaxheba kwimfazwe yamakhaya.
Ngo-1918, uNikita Khrushchev wafumana ubulungu kwiqela lamaKomanisi, kwaye kwiminyaka emibini waba yintloko yezopolitiko ye-donbhas Rutchenkovsky yam. Ngelo xesha, inkokeli ye-SOviet Union ingena kwi-DonBASS I-DODBAS Technologer ye-Donbass kwi-faculs esebenzayo naseludongeni lweziko lemfundo liqala ukuthathwa kweqela leqela.
Ngo-1927, uNikita i-sergeyevich wayenethamsanqa elaneleyo lezopolitiko "- ukuba abe ngummeli we-YUZOVOVKIY 'EMVA KOKUGQIBELA KWI-COSP Congress, apho wayeqhelene no-Lazar Kaganovich. Wabona ukuba kungenxa yezopolitiko eKhrushchev kwaye kwaba negalelo kumsebenzi wakhe wokuqala.
Ezopolitiko
I-biography enkulu yezopolitiko yaseNikita Khrushchev iqala ngo-1928. Ke iKaganovich iphumelele kwi-ofisi ekumgangatho ombili weqela lamaKomanisi waseUkraine. Kule meko, i-Nikita Sergeyevich yayikufuneka ingenele iMoscow Academy, njengoko imfundo yesibini yayingazunele igosa leRiphabhlikhi.
Kwi-Academy yeKHrushchev yaqala ukubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yeqela kwaye kungekudala yakhokelela kwezopolitiko kwiziko lemfundo, kuba ipolisi yakhe inomdla ngakumbi kunenkqubo yemfundo. Ukucaca kunye nokukhuthala kweNikita Sergeyevich kumatyala eqela kwaxatyiswa ngabasemagunyeni eSoviet, kwaye kungekudala wanyulwa ngunobhala wesixeko saseMoscow ye-MOSCO. Ngo-1934, i-KHrushchev iba yintloko yombutho weqela laseMoscow, etshintshe i-kagonovich yeKaganovich kule posi.
Ngo-1938, uNikita Khrushchev waseUkraine wamisela unobhala wokuqala we-iUkraine. Emva kokuba efumene "indebe yaseburhulumenteni yokuqala", uNikita Sergeeevich waqala ukubuyisela iOfisi yoLawulo e-Ukraine, eyatshatyalaliswa yintlawulo ye-1937. Kwangelo xesha, wazibonakalisa njenge-Wrestless Drestler 'kwiintshaba "- nje ezingama-120 amawaka abantu abanentshona yeUkraine, bathunyelwa kwimibuzo yabo, ngokoqobo ngaphezulu konyaka.
Kwiminyaka yorhulumente wase-Ukraine, i-KHrushchev yayinemfazwe yokuthand 'izwe, apho abantu bezopolitiko babengabhalwanga. Ukhokelele intshukumo yenxaxheba ngasemva komgca wangaphambili kwaye ukuqukunjelwa kwemfazwe, wayeqhele itayitile ngokubanzi, nangona ababhali-mbali banoxanduva lokwahlula umkhosi obomvu kwi-Ikita Pergeeevich.
Emva kwemfazwe, uNikita Khrushchev wayehlala eyinkokeli ye-ITR yase-Ukraine, kodwa ngo-1949 wasanda - watshintshelwa eMoscow ngenxa yesikhundla sentloko ye-USSR.
Ngo-1953, uNikita Khrushchev ufike kwi-vertarte yamandla. Ke, xa lonke ilizwe langenisela isijwili ngelo xesha lokubhubha kukaStalin, yena wayeneMarrade, i-rashaosoa yowa kwintloko yentloko ye-USSR. UKghrushchevs wasusa umceli ophambili kwisithuba sentloko ye-Union Aria, owatyhola utshaba lwabantu aze adle ispionage.
NgoSeptemba 1953, Khrushchev wonyulwa unobhala yokuqala CPSU Central Committee, elaba ithuba engalindelekanga zobuninzi yiSoviet, ekubeni ebudeni bolawulo kukaStalin ubeka Nikita Sergeyevich kunye isiphekepheke encinane.
Iminyaka yolawulo lwe-KHrushchev iphawulwe ngamabala amakhulu kunye needips kuqoqosho lweSoviet Union. Esona sikhulu sabo yayiyi "Inkokeli ye-Corn" - inkokeli yaseSoviet yagqiba kwelokuba 'uKumkanikazi wasendle' owona mfanekiso "wase-USSR wase-USSR, wayalela ukuba akhule kuyo yonke indawo, nokuba kungabikho mgaqo-nkqubo , eSiberia.
Phakathi kwe "mpumelelo", utshintsho lwe-khrushchev obetha isitshixo kulo akufuneki ukuba kuqatshelwe. Banayo igama elithi "khrushchevche thaw" kwaye babenxulumana ngakumbi nokuvezwa kwenkolo yobuntu bukaStalin.
Utshintsho lweNikita Khrushchev lubonakaliswa kukupheliswa kwemiphumo emibi ye-1930s, ukukhutshwa kwamawaka amabanjwa ezopolitiko, ukuvuselelwa kwenkululeko yentetho, ukuvuselelwa kwehlabathi kunye nokwaziswa kwedemokhrasi ye-gesi Ubomi boluntu kunye nezopolitiko zelizwe.
Nangona kunjalo, umgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho we-khrushchev wayengenguye nje ukusilela, kodwa intlekele ye-Union. Inkokeli yebhotile ye-USSR igqibe kwelokuba 'igqibe iMelika "kwaye yandise izikhombisi zezoqoqosho zelizwe amaxesha amaninzi, ekhokelela ekuweni okungalindelekanga kwezolimo nakwindlala.
Kwangelo xesha, phakathi kwempumelelo ye-KHrushchev, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele impumelelo engenakuphikwa - wakhula ngokukhawuleza ulwakhiwo kwaye waphakamisa izigidi zabemi baseSoviet ukuya kumagumbi abo. Amagumbi "I-KHrushchev" yayiyeyona kwaye ihleli incinci kwaye icwangciswe ngempumelelo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha igqitha kwintuthuzelo yombutho, owanelisekileyo ngabantu.
Kwakhona khrushchevv iqalile ukuphuculwa komzi-mveliso weSithuba-kwiminyaka edlulileyo ulawulo lwakhe, iSatellite yokuqala yeSateli yasungulwa kwaye indiza edumileyo yeYuri Gagarin yabanjwa. Ukongeza, uNikita uNikieeeeevich uzukisa kwaye njengomxhasi wobugcisa. Ukhulule i-xirdar eluntwini eluntwini, wasungulisa inkqubo ye-telecasti uninzi lwe-Union kwaye isebenze ishishini lefilimu. Iifilimu zokuqala ze-khrushchev "Intwasahlobo kwiSitrato seZarechnaya", "ubusuku bobuqhetseba", "Indoda yase-Amphibhi" kunye nabanye.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle wokukhokelela ekuqiniseni ukomeleza imfazwe ebandayo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye womeleze imeko yeSoviet Union kwindawo ye-International. Okokuqala, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, khrushchecav ukuqalisa ukudalwa kombutho wesivumelwano seWarsaw (i-ATs), eyayimele ukumelana nomanyano lweAtlantic North yamandla asentshona. Isivumelwano esitsha simanyene i-USSR, amazwe eMpuma Yurophu kunye ne-GDR. Kunyaka kamva, i-phakama yokuqala ehambelane namandla eSoviet yenzeka eHungary.
Ngo-1957, ngo-Khrushchev, umthendeleko wehlabathi kunye nabafundi wenzeka kwikomkhulu le-USSR, apho abathathi-nxaxheba abavela kumazwe ali-131 ahlanganisene. Umsitho unempembelelo entle kumfanekiso womntu waseSoviet emehlweni abantu basemzini, kodwa ukwehla kwengqumbo kubudlelwane ne-United States akuzange kuncede.
Ngo-1961, iintlekele zezopolitiko zabizwa ngokuba eJamani, ezikhokelela ekuvelisweni kodonga lwaseBerlin. Kwakuloo nyaka, ekuphela kwentlanganiso yeKHrushchev kunye noJohn Kennedy wenzeka. Kunyaka we-United States kunye ne-USSR itshintshiwe - i-Melika iphinde yathumela iimfazwe zenyukliya ejolise kwiSoviet Union, eTurkey, eCuba. Intlekele yecaribbean sele iqalile, ephantse yagqitha kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yeSithathu. Kodwa uthethathethwano ngoxilongo lwanceda ukususa uxinzelelo. Ngo-1963, omabini la macala atyikitye isivumelwano malunga nokuthintelwa kweemvavanyo zenyukliya emoyeni, indawo kunye namanzi.
Ukutshona kwelanga kwelanga kwezepolitiki uNikita Khrushchev wawa ngo-1964. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yeempazamo kunye nokusebenzisa kakubi, ezopolitiko zasuswa kumandla amaKomanisi. U-Leonid Brezhnev weza endaweni yakhe. I-Nikita Sergeeeevich yaba yinkokeli yeSoviet kuphela eyayishiya isikhundla sesahluko se-USSR siphila.
UNikita Khrushchev wangena kwimbali yeSoviet kwimifanekiso yezopolitiko. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-70 emva kwebhodi yakhe ye-USSR, imigaqo-nkqubo yamaphiko ihlala kwimilebe yoluntu. "Sikugqibe" kwaye "uKezkin" nikita khrushchev ukhunjulwa kakuhle e-USA, kuba kwicala laseNtshona, inkokeli yaseSoviet yanikwa "izoyikiso". Ibinzana lesibini lazisa ukudluliselwa kwamaMelika e-American Richard Nixon Nixon Nixon, ekuguquleleni kwale ntetho intetho ivakala ngokwenyani: "Umama kaKruzma."
Kunye nefoto yeNikita KhrushchevChev, ejikisa isihlangu, wada wafumana imeko yecaricature kwimithombo yeendaba yeNtshona. Nangona kamva lo mfanekiso woNyana kaKHrushchev, iSergey ibiza i-montage yefoto. Ngapha koko, i-nikita sergeyevich ikhupha i-Poble boot, ekubeni kwintlanganiso ye-UN, xa kwakuqwalaselwa umba wesivumelwano sesiVumeri.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bukaNikita KHrushChev asiyonto inomdla kunomsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko. Intloko yesithathu yase-USSR yayitshatile kabini kwaye yayinabantwana abahlanu.
Okokuqala ngqa i-nikita ye-nikita itshatile ekuqaleni komsebenzi wepati ye-Efrosini Pissareva, ethi ngo-1920 yabulawa yiTyhis. Kwiminyaka emithandathu yomtshato, umfazi wokuqala kaKHrushchev wazala abantwana bobabini - uLeonid noJulia. Ngo-1922, khrushchecav waqalisa ukuhlala nentombazana egama linguMarusya. Ubudlelwane obungapheli ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini. Intombazana sele ikhulisile umntwana kumtshato wangaphambili, kukaKhrushchev wayeqhubeka nokunceda.
Umfazi wesibini uNikita Fergeyevich waba nguNina KukHharchuk, isiUkraine ngobuzwe, esangenile ibali njengelinye iqabane leSoviet, simlandela kwimicimbi yaseburhulumenteni. Ndikunye noNina Petrovna, intloko ye-USSR iphila iminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 kumtshato waseburhulumenteni kunye nolwalamano olubhalisiweyo kuphela ngo-1965.
UNina wayeyintombi yabalingane, eYuzovka esebenza njengotitshala wesikolo seqela, apho wadibana khona Nikita Khrushchev. Ngaphandle kwemvelaphi, uNina Petrovna wachitha ngokutyibilikayo eRussia, isiUkraine, ePoland nesiFrentshi, njengoko wayefundiswe kwisikolo saseMariinsky. I-Nina ye-NEA PETROVNA ayizange iyeke xa umtshato. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1930, ekubeni sele umama wabantwana abathathu, waqalisa ukufunda isiNgesi. Kumtshato wesibini kusapho lwenkokeli yaseSoviet, abantwana abathathu bazalwa - iRada, uSergey no-Elena.
Ukufa
Ndikunye noNina Kukharchk Khrushchev waphila kude kuphele ubomi bakhe. Emva kokurhoxa kwe-nikitu sensigeyevich "isuswe" ukusuka eMoscow kwaye ifudukele kwi-gotty e zhukovka-2 ukuya kwingingqi yeMoscow. Izopolitiko azikwazanga ukuqhela ukunyanzelwa. Njengomphathi we-KHrushchev wayedla ngokudibanisa ii-odolo ezintsha, ezikhokelwa, ngokoluvo lwakhe, ukuya kuthi ga ngoku. Ngequbuliso, kuba iNikita Nikita, uSergeeevich yayilikhoboka lokumamela iinkqubo zezazikhululo zikanomathotholo zangaphandle "Ilizwi laseMelika", "BBC", "waqala ukwakha igadi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, intloko yangaphambili ye-State yawa kuxinzelelo, engakwazanga kuchaphazela impilo.
Wasweleka ngoSeptemba 11, 1971 ukusuka ekuhlaseleni kwentliziyo. Ndangcwaba i-nikita i-sergeeevich kumangcwaba e-Novodevichy Mosch. Emva kokusweleka kweKHrushchev, uNina Petrovna yiza telegram ngamagama avela kwihlabathi liphela. Emva kwengcwaba lentloko ye-USSR, ityesi labonakala lidalwe ngu-Erst.
Imemori
- Ngo-1989 - "I-STARAD"
- 1992 - "kwi-deriarrisovskaya, imozulu elungileyo, okanye e-righton Beach kwakhona yeza imvula"
- 1992 - "Stalin"
- 1993 - "Iingcuka ezingwevu"
- Ngo-1996 - "Abantwana Bengenisi"
- Ngo-2005 - "Idabi le-cosmos"
- Ngo-2009 - "Ummangaliso"
- Ngo-2011 - "Clan Kennedy"
- Ngo-2012 - "Zhukov"
- Ngo-2013 - "Gagarin. Okokuqala kwiSpace »
- Ngo-2015 - "ophambili"
- Ngo-2016 - "Uthando olungaqondakali"
- Ngo-2017 - "Ukufa kukaStalin"