Biography
Enye yeembongi eziqaqambileyo, ezahlukileyo kunye netalente yeSilver Anna Gorengela, eyaziwa ngcono ngabathandekayo bayo njengeAkhmatov, iphile ubomi obude kwaye zizityebi kakhulu. Oku kwakuphela kwangaxeshanye umfazi onobuqhetseba wayeliNgqina kwiinguqu ezibini kunye neemfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi. Umphefumlo wayo wehla ingcinezelo kunye nokufa kwabantu abasondeleyo. I-Anna Akhmatova ifanelekile inoveli okanye i-quidaption ephindaphindiweyo kwaye yamenza abantu ababephila ngexesha lakhe, kunye nesizukulwana sabantu ababedlala kwabadlali, abalawuli kunye nababhali.
UAnna Goreko wazalelwa ngehlobo le-1889 kusapho lwe-herbleer ingenamdla kunye nenjini yomdla odlamkileyo we-Andrei Andresivich Gorenavvich ye-Odessavna. Le ntombazana yazalelwa kumazantsi esixeko, endlwini, eyayikwindawo enkulu esemthonjeni. Yajika yaba kubuncinci besithathu ukusuka kubantwana abathandathu.
Nje ukuba umntwana abe mzuzu mdala, abazali bafudukela eSt. Petersburg, apho intloko yentsapho ifumene inqaku lomvavanyi waza waba ligosa lolawulo lukarhulumente kwimiyalelo ekhethekileyo. Intsapho yazinza kwilali yaseRoyal, nayo yonke abantwana iinkumbulo zabantwana ze-Akhimatova ixhunyiwe. I-Nanny yaqhuba intombazana ukuba ihambe kwipaki ye-Tsarskoyel kunye nezinye iindawo ezazikhunjulwa nguAlexander Puykin. Abantwana abaqeqeshiweyo i-etiquette. U-Ona wafunda ngoonobumba ngengonyama uTolstoy, kwaye isiFrentshi safunda kwanasebuntwaneni, simamele ootitshala abantwana bakhe abadala.
I-Poeeds yexesha elizayo ifunyenwe kwi-marinsky yabasetyhini. I-ANNA AKHMATOVA VAQA, qalisa ukubhala, ngokutsho kwakhe, kwiminyaka eli-11. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba imibongo yakhe ayivulwanga yimisebenzi ye-Alexander Suykin naseMikhail Lering -tov, kunye nombongo we-nicholas nekrasov "impumlo ebomvu", eyayiyimpumlo ebomvu ", yayiyintoni ifunyenwe nguMama.
Umncinci uGoreko wathandana noSt. Petersburg ngonaphakade wamjonga esona sixeko siphambili sobomi bakhe. Wayemhle kakhulu ezitratweni zakhe, iipaki kunye ne-neva, xa kwakufuneka ndihambe nomama e-Edpatoria, emva koko eKiev. Abazali baqhawule umtshato xa intombazana yayineminyaka eli-16 ubudala.
Iklasi, igqityiwe ekhaya, e-Evatoriya, kwaye iphela iphela kwi-Kiev Fundhleevskaya gymnasium. Emva kokugqiba ukufundisisa, uGoreko uba ngumfundi obhinqileyo weekhosi eziphezulu zomfazi ngokukhetha i-sundo yomthetho. Kodwa ukuba i-latn kunye nembali yelungelo labangela ukuba baphile ubomi ekuwo, emva koko ulawulo lwalubonakala luphawula kwi-salk, ngenxa yoko le ntombazana yaqhubeka nemfundo yakhe kwi-petersburg, ngembali kunye nembali.
Imibongo
Akukho mntu wenzayo kusapho lwe-gorenko, "lingakanani iliso elibona iliso lijikeleze." Kuphela kumgca we-Unima likaMama e-Tona wafumana i-ANNA ye-ANNA BUnin -tortor kunye neembongi. Utata akazange avume ukuthanda intombi yembongi kwaye acelwe ukuba angabize igama lakhe lokugqibela. Ke ngoko, i-anna ahhhtopa pos khange isayine igama lokwenyani. Kumthi womthamthi wokuzalwa, wafumana i-Prabababookon-taturka, ethi ikhokelele eyabo ivela e-Arder Khan Ahmat, kwaye ke yajika yaba yiAkhmatov.
Ebutsheni obuqalileyo, xa le ntombazana ifunda kwi-mariniasium Gymnasium, wadibana nomfana oselula, emva koko imbongi edumileyo uNikolai Gumotsov. Nakwi-Evatoria, naseKiev, intombazana yabhalelana naye. Ngentwasahlobo ye-1910, batshata icawa yeNikolaev, namhlanje imile kwilali yaseNikolskaya Slobodka kufutshane neKiev. Ngelo xesha, uGumunyOv wayesele eqhutywa yimbongi eyaziwa ngokuba yisangqa esihlukeneyo.
Ukutshata kwaye kubhiyozela isondo sabo saseParis. Yayiyintlanganiso yokuqala yeAkhimatova eneYurophu. Ekubuyeni kwakhe, umyeni wazisa umfazi wakhe onetalente ukuba abe sezangqa zoncwadi kunye nobugcisa beSt. Petersburg, kwaye waphawula. Ekuqaleni wonke umntu wambetha ngokungaqhelekanga, ubuhle obumangalisayo kunye nobukumkani basebukhosini. Iphindwe kabini, kunye ne-hubeber ecacileyo empumlweni, "i-Amena Ana Ana ahhmatova yahlula uThixo.
Kungekudala, ababhali be-Petersburg bavela ukuba babanjiwe bubuchule bobuhle bokuqala. UAnna Akhimatova pom malunga nothando, oko kukuthi, le mvakalelo ilungileyo, wabusukela ubomi bakhe bonke, ebhala ngexesha lengxaki. Iimbongi ezincinci zizama kwezinye iindlela zenkampu - i-futurism kunye ne-aqmerism. I-Gumleva-Akhimatova ifumana i-fam njengenkqubo ye-ACME.
I-1912, iba ngumgubo kwimbali yayo. Lo nyaka ungalibalekiyo awuzalwanga kuphela ngunyana we-poetess - i-Gumonyov, kodwa iphuma ngokusasazeka komdaniso wokuqala obizwa ngokuba "ngokuhlwa". Kwithambeka leminyaka, ibhinqa elalidlula ngalo lonke ixesha apho lawela khona laza laza laza laza laza laza laza laza laza laza laza laza laza laza laza laza laziindibano zokuqala " Kodwa ke imibongo ye-Akhimatova yafumana owokuqala wabamhadi wayo, wazisa udumo lwayo.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ukuqulunqwa kwesibini kuphuma, kubizwa ngokuba "Kanutka". Kwaye yayikukuyinkxwaba yokwenene. Abalandeli kunye nabagxeki babephendula ngenzondelelo ngomsebenzi wakhe, bephakamisa ezona zinto zefashoni zexesha labo kwinqanaba. I-Ahmatova ayisafuneki ithendeni yomyeni wakhe. Igama lakhe livakala kakhulu kunegama leGumileva. Kwinguqulelo ye-1917, uAnna uvelisa incwadi yakhe yesithathu - "ifama emhlophe". Iphuma kukusasazwa okubonakalayo kweekopi ezingamawaka amabini. Isibini esahlulelene engxakini ye-1918.
Kwaye ngehlobo lowe-1921, uNikolai Gumilevat. I-Ahmatova yayikhathazekile kukufa kukayise woNyana wakhe kunye nomntu owayesabele kwihlabathi leembongi.
Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1920, izihlandlo ezinzima zikhuphisana nezibongo. Uphantsi kwengqwalaselo ye-NKVD. Ayishicilelwanga. Imibongo ye-AKHMATOVE ibhaliwe "etafileni". Uninzi lwazo lulahlekile xa luhamba. Ukuqulunqwa kokugqibela kwakhutshwa ngo-1924. "Ndivuselelekile", "i-falcon", "Imibongo-isitampu esinjalo kubuchule besifanele uAnna Adona Andreevna kuyabiza kakhulu.
Inqanaba elitsha lobuchule bakhe linxulumene ngokusondeleyo nomphefumlo onamava ngamava abantu babo. Okokuqala, emva konyana weLovev. Ekuqaleni kwe-Autumn yowe-1935, intsimbi yokuqala yentsimbi ivakala ibhinqa: kwangaxeshanye umyeni wesibini uNikolai wasePuin nonyana babanjiwe. Ziya kukhutshwa ngeentsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa i-poetess ayisayi kuphinda iphumle ebomini. Ukususela ngoku, kuya kuziva ngathi yintshutshiso yentshutshiso ijikeleze.
Emva kweminyaka emi-3, uNyana ubanjiwe. Wagwetywa iminyaka emi-5 yeenkampu zokusebenza. Kunyaka ofanayo woyikekayo, uAnna areevna noNikolai base-pin baphela. Umama odiniweyo uphethe uNcedo kuNyana emnqamlezweni. Kwiminyaka enye, "i-Anna Anhmatova iphuma.
Ukunciphisa ubomi boNyana wakhe kwaye usikhuphe ezinkampini, umonakalo phambi kwemfazwe ngokwayo, nge-1940, upapasha iqoqo "kwiincwadi ezintandathu". Nantsi iqokelelwe imibongo yokuqina kunye nentsha, "ichanile" ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umbono olawulayo.
U-Anna Androvna wenziwa imfazwe enkulu yokuthambisa echithwe eTashkent. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko uloyiso, ubuyile kwimeko ebukhulu kwaye utshabalalisa iLeningrad. Ukusuka apho ngokukhawuleza uye eMoscow.
Kodwa kwakhululwa amafu, unyana wakhululwa ezinkampini - baphinde bancitshiswe. Ngo-1946, ububi bakhe boyiswa kwintlanganiso elandelayo yemanyano yababhali, kwaye ngo-1949, uLeviy Gumunyov wabanjwa kwakhona. Ngeli xesha wagwetywa iminyaka eli-10. Umfazi ongonwabanga waphule. Ubhala izicelo kunye neeleta eziguqukayo kwezopolitiko, kodwa akukho mntu uyayivayo.
Emva kokushiya i-vansonclory elandelayo, ubudlelwane phakathi kukamama noNyana iminyaka yaye bahlala iminyaka emininzi. Ingonyama yayikholelwa ukuba umama wabekwa kuqala kunaye. Usuka kuye.
Amafu amnyama ngaphezulu kwentloko yale nto idumileyo, kodwa umfazi ongoyena ungonwabisi kuphela phantsi kobomi bakhe. Ngo-1951 wabuyiselwa kwimanyano yababhali. Imibongo iprintwe ye-akhmatova. Embindini we-1960, uAnna Andreevna ufumana i-Italian yase-Italiyane kwaye ivelise ingqokelela entsha "ngexesha lokuqokelela". Kunye ne-poetess edumileyo e-Oxford e-Oxford inika isidanga sobugqirha.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka, imbongi kunye nombhali wegama lehlabathi balikhangela ikhaya lakhe. I-Leningrad "ilitha" ephakamisa igumbi lokhuselo lomthi e-Koravo. Yayiyindlu encinci, eyayine-verande, ipaseji kunye negumbi elinye.
Zonke "Ukuhambisa" yibhedi engqongqo, apho izitena zazisongelwe njengomlenze, itafile, ezakhiwe umnyango, zizoba imodyuli eludongeni nakwindoda yokuqala.
Ubomi Buqu
Lo mfazi wasebukhosini wayenamandla amahle phezu kwamadoda. Ebutsheni bakhe, uAnna wayeguquka. Batsho ukuba angavalwa, etsala intloko yomgangatho. Nditsho neMarins Baslerina echaphazele le proterensi yendalo. Kwaye wayenamehlo amangalisayo atshintshe umbala. Abanye bathi amehlo e-Akehmatova Grey, abanye baphikisana nolo luhlaza, kwaye owesithathu waqiniseka ukuba babeblowu ezulwini.
UNikolai Gumyolov wathandana no-Anna Gorengela ekuqaleni kokubona. Kodwa le ntombazana yayiphambene neVladimir Glenhev-kutuzov, umfundi ongazange anikele ingqalelo kuyo. I-Gymnasium esencinci ibandezelekile kwaye yazama ukuxhonywa kwisikhonkwane. Ngethamsanqa, wathunyelwa eludongeni lodongwe.
Kubonakala ngathi, intombi yayizuze ilifa kukusilela kukamama. Umtshato awuzange ungenise oonongeko lolonwabo kunye nelinye lamadoda amathathu asemthethweni. Ubomi buka-Anna Akhimatova yayiyingqungquthela kwaye uhlobo oluthile lwe-rashpatnaya. Bayitshintsha, watshintsha. Umyeni wokuqala wathatyathwa luthando luka-Anna ngalo lonke ubomi bakhe obufutshane, kodwa kwangaxeshanye wayenomntwana ophelileyo, owayesazi ngalo. Ukongeza, uNikolai Gumyolov wayengasiqondi isizathu sokuba umfazi amthandayo, uluvo lwakhe, wayengengoozinzo luhle kakhulu, kubangela ukuba abantu bakhulule abantu abancinci. I-ANNA AKHMATOVA's Imibongo malunga nothando yayibonakala ixesha elide kwaye pompous.
Ekugqibeleni, baqhekeza.
Emva kokuhlukanisa, uAnna Andreevna wayengenalo ipeni kubalandeli. Bala amazinyo evalentin wamnika i-Oakh i-roses abiza kakhulu kwaye wanyikima ebusweni bakhe, kodwa ukuthanda ubuhle banika uNikolay Nicholas. Nangona kunjalo, uBhoris Anrirga wamtshintsha.
Umtshato wesibini kaVladimir hilileiko u-Anmo, ukuba uwehlile: "Uqhawulo-mtshato ... Yintoni imvakalelo emnandi!".
Kunyaka emva kokufa komyeni wokuqala, wahlukana nomzuzwana. Kwaye kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva utshata okwesithathu. Nikolai Pumin - umbhali-mbali wobugcisa. Kodwa ubomi buka-Ana Akhimatova zange basebenzi naye.
USekela-Carsissar Marismar yokukhanyiselwa kwe-Lunacharky Punin, othe wakhwelisa i-Ahmatov engenamakhaya emva koqhawulo-mtshato, naye akazange ayonwabise. Umfazi omtsha wayehlala eflethini kunye nenkosikazi yangaphambili i-Punin nentombi yakhe, badlula kwi-Imali efanayo yokutya. Unyana ozayo uLeo wabekwa ngobusuku kwi-coridar ebandayo kwaye waziva inkedama, ephethwe ngabantu.
Ubomi bobuqu no-Anna Akhimatova yayikukutshintsha emva kwentlanganiso kunye nogqirha wePataanan, kodwa phambi komtshato ngokwawo, umama oswelekileyo, owayengawuthanga ukuthemba endlwini. Umtshato ucinyiwe.
Ukufa
Ukufa kuka-Anna Akhimatova ngoMatshi 5, 1966, kubonakala ngathi wothuka wonke umntu. Nangona wayeneminyaka engama-76 ngelo xesha. Ewe, wayegula ixesha elide kwaye enzima. I-poetess isweleke kwi-sanatorium kufutshane ne-moscow kwi-DoODODI. Ngosuku lokufa, wacela ukumzisela umnqophiso wakhe omtsha, ojamelene nezicatshulwa zakhe zombhalo wezandla zaseKuramia.
Umzimba we-Akehmatova ovela eMoscow wakhawuleza ukuthumela kwiLeningrad: Abasemagunyeni babengafuni ukungaziphathi kakuhle. Wamngcwabela kumangcwaba eKomivsky. Ngaphambi kokuba afe, uNyana nonyoko wayengenakubhideka: babengathethi iminyaka eliqela.
Engcwabeni, uLevity Gumovov wabeka udonga lwamatye ngefestile, eyayimele ukuba ifuzisela udonga kwiminqamlezo, apho wayenxiba khona ukuba angadlulisela. Ekuqaleni, engcwabeni lema umnqamlezo wamaplanga, njengoko wabuza uAna Andreevna, kodwa ngo-1969 kwavela ilitye.
Imyuziyam ye-Anna Akhmatova ikwi-St. Petersburg esitratweni ngu-Avtovskaya. Enye ivulekile kwindlu esemthonjeni apho wayehlala khona iminyaka engama-30. Iimyuziyam zekota zemyuziyam, iibhodi ezingalibalekiyo kunye ne-Basfsfs ivele eMoscow, eTashkent, eKiev, iOdessa nezinye izixeko ezininzi apho ziphila khona emunde.
Imibongo
- Ngo-1912 - "ngokuhlwa"
- Ngo-1914 - "I-CLEALS"
- Ngo-1922 - "I-Farn White"
- Ngo-1921 - "esiyinqaba"
- Ngo-1923 - "Anno Domini McMXXI"
- Ngo-1940 - "Ukusuka kwiincwadi ezintandathu"
- Ngo-1943 - "Anna Akhimatova. Izintandokazi "
- Ngo-1958 - "Anna Akhimatova. Umbongo "
- Ngo-1963 - "imfuneko"
- Ngo-1965 - "ixesha lokubaleka"