Biography
Umlawuli uPeter Pedovich wabizwa ngokuba ngu-Karl nguPeter uPeter uL-Peter Ilrich, kuba kwakuzalwe kwixesha elizayo kwisixeko saseKiel, esikumantla esiJamani sanamhlanje. Kwitrone yaseRussia, uPeter III wathabatha isiqingatha sonyaka (iminyaka esemthethweni yorhulumente ithathelwa ingqalelo ukuba i-1761-1762), emva koko iphuculwe ukuba ibe lixhoba le-palace, ilungiselelwe nguMfazi wakhe uCarine II, othathe indawo yomfi Umlingane.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kwinkulungwane elandelayo, i-biography kaPeter III yabonelelwa ngokukodwa ukusuka kwindawo ekuhlambuluke kuyo, ngoko ke umfanekiso wakhe ebantwini wakhulela engathandekiyo. Kodwa kutsha nje, ababhali-mbali bafumana ubungqina bokuba lo mlawuli wayefanelekile ngokupheleleyo kwilizwe, kwaye ixesha elide lolawulo lwakhe liza kuzisa inzuzo kubahlali boBukhosi baseRussia.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ekubeni inkwenkwe yazalelwa eDwedi yeKarl Friedrich Holytein-Medish King Chapers xii, nentombi kaKumkani uPetros, Inkuthalo yakhe yamiselwa kwangaphambili kwasebusaneni. Andivele ekukhanyeni, umntwana waba yindlalifa kwitrone yaseSweden, ukongeza, kwithiyori inokubanga itrone yaseRussia, nangona kumbono wotatomkhulu uPeter, ngekhe ndenzekile.
Ubuntwana bukaPeter owesithathu ubungekho kwiRoyal. Inkwenkwe ilahlekelwe ngumama kwangoko, kwaye uBawo, wajonga amazwe onke alahlekileyo, akhupha unyana wakhe njengejoni. Sele eneminyaka eli-10 ubudala, uKarl Peter wabelwa isihloko sesibini, kunye nenkwenkwe eyayitholezile iesilepha.
Emva kokusweleka kukaKarl Friedrich, unyana wakhe wangena endlwini yobhishophu i-adolfy, umalume wakhe, apho inkwenkwe iguqukele khona yaba yinto yokuthotywa, ekhohlakeleyo kwaye iphi i-Spaning. Akukho mntu ukukhathalele ukwenziwa kwesidumbu seSithsaba, kwaye ngeminyaka eli-13 akanakufunda. UKarl uPeter wayenempilo ebuthathaka, wayengumntu okwishumi elimikayo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ulungile kwaye umsulwa. Wayewuthanda umculo kunye nokupeyinta, nangona iinkumbulo zikatata kwangaxeshanye kwaphela kwaphela "uMkhosi".
Nangona kunjalo, yaziwa ukuba de kube sekubhubhisweni koMlawuli Pro Ptros III, bendisoyika isandi se-cannon shots kunye nemipu. YEZIGANEKO NJONYAKA YOKUXELISA IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA KWABAFA NGABA BABADALA KWI-ANDADE NOKWENZA, Kukho nohlobo oluthile, ekufikelweni, uKarl Peter wabufumana ukuxhomekeka kutywala.
Ubomi bekamva lomlawuli wabo bonke - isiRashiya utshintshile xa wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala. Kwitrone yaseRussia, umakazi wakhe uElizabhete iPetrovna, owagqiba kwelokuba adibanise inkandlako ngenxa yoonyana bakaYise. Kuba uKarl uPeter yayikuphela kwendlalifa ngqo kuPetros, wabizwa ngokuba nguSt. I-Fedorovich.
Kwintlanganiso yokuqala nomtshana kaElizabhete, ukungazi kwakhe kwamangazeka, wabekwa kwindlalifa yasebukhosini. Utitshala uqaphele ubuchule be-Word yeNgxowa-mali, owoyikisayo yentsomi malunga ne-Peter III njenge "ijoni elibuthathaka" kunye "nesiphoso".
Nangona kukho ubungqina bokuba uMlawuli oziphetheyo ebantwini akaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ngakumbi kwiitempile. Umzekelo, xa inkonzo kaThixo uPetros wahleka wathetha ngokuvakalayo. Ewe, kwaye uziphathe kakuhle kunye nabaphathiswa bamanye amazwe. Mhlawumbi isimilo esinjalo saza sahluma ihempe malunga 'nobuthathaka bakhe.
Kwakhona kwasebutsheni bakhe, wayenemilo ebi kakhulu ye-incoxpox, enokubangela ukuphambuka kuphuhliso. Kwangelo xesha, uPeter Cedorovich wancanyazwa kwiSayensi ngqo kwiSayensi, iJografi kunye neTremin, isiFrentshi nesiLatin. Kodwa isiRussia sasingazi. Kodwa akazange afune ukuyilawula.
Ngendlela, i-oypa emnyama inyamalale kakhulu kubuso bukaPetros. Kodwa kuwo nawuphi na umzobo esi siphoso asiboniswanga. Kwaye malunga nobugcisa bokufota emva koko akukho mntu ucinga-ifoto yokuqala emhlabeni wabonakala emva kweminyaka engama-60. Kuphela yimifanekiso yakhe kuphela ebhaliweyo evela kwindalo, kodwa "amagcisa" angcolisekileyo ".
Ibhunga lolawulo
Emva kokubhubha kukaElizabeth Petrovna ngoDisemba 25, 1761, uPeter Shsorovich wangena kwitrone. Kodwa kwakungekho ntshutshiso, kwagqitywa emva kwephulo lomkhosi ukuya eDenmark. Ngenxa yoko, uPeter III wethweswe isithsaba ngeposi ngo-1796 nguPaul I.
Uchithe iintsuku ezili-186 etroneni. Ngeli xesha, uPetros wesithathu wasayinelwa 192 womthetho nommiselo. Kwaye ungakhange ubale izimvo kumabhaso. Ke, ngaphandle kwentsomi namakhamane ajikeleze ubuntu bakhe kunye nemisebenzi, nokuba lithuba elifutshane, wakwazi ukuzibonakalisa kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle nowangaphakathi yelizwe.
Olona xwebhu lubalulekileyo lolawulo lukaPeter Fedorovich - "i-Manifesto kwinkululeko yobungangamsha." Umthetho owiso-mthetho ukhulula izidwangube kwinkonzo eneminyaka engama-25 ubudala kwaye wade wavumela ukuba bahambe phesheya.
Ukusuka kwezinye iimeko zomlawuli, kufanelekile ukuba uqale inani lohlengahlengiso malunga nenguqu yenkqubo yombuso. Yena, ukuba etroneni yeenyanga ezintandathu, ekwazi ukuphelisa iofisi eyimfihlo, wazisa inkululeko yenkolo, ukubeka iliso leCawe yeZifundo zeZifundo, kuthintele ilizwe elithintela ipropathi yabucala - ukwenza iNkundla ye UBukhosi baseRussia bavulekile. Uye wabhengeza ihlathi ngobutyebi besizwe, wamisela iBhanki kaRhulumente kwaye wazisa ukuqeshwa kokuqala kokujikeleza. Kodwa emva kweFodorovich, zonke ezi zinto ziyingozi zatshatyalaliswa.
Ngenxa yoko, umlawuli uPeter III wayeneenjongo zokwenza ubukhosi baseRussia be-Russian, bengaphantsi kwesinye isitayile kwaye sakhanyisela ngakumbi.
Ngaphandle koku, uninzi lwababhali-mbali balijonga ixesha elifutshane kunye neziphumo zolawulo lwakhe zedwa kweyona nto imbi kakhulu eRussia. Esona sizathu seli kukutyiswa kweziphumo zemfazwe yeminyaka esixhenxe. UPeter wayenolwalamano olubi ngamagosa omkhosi, xa wayeka imfazwe nePrussia kwaye wazisa imikhosi yaseRussia eBerlin. Abanye bazithathela ingqalelo le nto njengokungcatsha, kodwa inyani yolondolozo kwabalindi kule mfazwe yazisa udumo okanye kuye okanye iOstria okanye iOstria kunye necala lakhe elixhasa umkhosi. Kodwa kuBukhosi baseRussia, kwakungekho sibonelelo sivela kule mfazwe.
Uye wagqiba kwelokuba azise ii-odolo ze-Prussian kumkhosi waseRussia - abalindi babonakala kwifom entsha, kwaye isohlwayo ngoku bekukho ne-Prussia-i-wig. Olo tshintsho aluzange lumomeleze kuye igunya, kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, bade bafumana ukungaqiniseki kunye nokungaqiniseki ngomso, emkhosini nakwiisangqa zenkundla.
Ubomi Buqu
Xa umlawuli wexesha elizayo wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala, i-Empress Elisakretha iPetrovna yakhawuleza yamtshisa. Inkosazana yaseJamani uSofia Frederick Augustus inyule umfazi kaSophia Frederick Atyrick ka-Agastius, olwaziwa ngalo ihlabathi phantsi kwegama le-catherine yesibini. Umtshato wendlalikazi wadlalwa ngomda ongazange wenziwe ngaphambili. Njengesipho, uPetros noCatherine baboniswa ukuba babala i-alexander Menshikov - I-Oranienbaum kufuphi St. Petersburg kunye ne-LYUBRSY kufutshane neMoscow.
Kufanelekile ukuba siphawule ukuba uPeter III kunye ne-Ekaterina II ayinyamezeleki kwaye yayithathelwa ingqalelo iqabane losapho kuphela ngokusemthethweni. Naxa umfazi wanika uPetros ukuwisela indlalifa kaPawulos, mna, intombi ka-Ana, wambeka ngenxa yokuba akayiqondi.
Indlalifa emntwaneni, umlawuli we-Russian wexesha elizayo mna Paul, emva kokuba naye wasuswa kubazali, i-Eszarods Esporesta Petrovna yazibandakanya ekukhuleni kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, uPeter Fedorovich wayengengobushushu bonke. Wayengakhe anomdla kunyana wakhe. Wayibona inkwenkwe kanye ngeveki, ngayo yayisisigqibo sobugqwetha. Intombi uAna Petrovna efile kwasebusaneni.
Ngobudlelwane obunzima bukaPeter wesithathu noCatherine owesibini utsho isibakala sokuba umlawuli ephindaphilezelwe esidlangalaleni ixabana nomfazi wakhe waza wasongela ngoqhawulo mtshato. Ngesinye isihlandlo, emva kokuba iqabane lingayixhasi i-tyhuthele intetho ethethiweyo kumthendeleko, uPeter III wayalela ukuba abambe umfazi. Ukusuka kwintolongo, uCatherine wasindiswa kuphela ngongenelelo ka-Later, uGeorge Golstein-Gostorky. Kodwa ngalo lonke ilizwe, umsindo kwaye, kunokwenzeka, uZhugene umona kumfazi wakhe uPyotr Fedorovich wayenentlonipho ngengqondo yakhe. Kwiimeko ezinzima, rhoqo kwaye imali ka-Ekaterina yayihlala iguqukela kuye ukuze ancede. Idatha igcinwe ukuba uPeter III Catherine II ubizwa ngokuba "nguNkosazana Wit".
Kuyaphawuleka, kubomi bobuqu kaPeter III, ukunqongophala kolwalamano olusondeleyo noCatherine akuzange kuchaphazele. UPeter Shordorovich wayenengxaki, eyona nto yayiyintombazana yentombi ye-roman vordov. Ezimbini iintombi zakhe zaziseza kwadi: I-Catherine, eya kuba ngumhlobo womlingane we-imperiya, kwaye kamva iinkosana iHashkova, noElizabhete. Nantsi yawa ikamva lokuba ngumfazi othandekayo kwaye uPeter III. Kuba, wayede akulungele ukunyibilikisa umtshato owangumtshato, kodwa oku kwenzeke le nto.
Ukufa
Kwitrone yasebukhosini, uPeter Shoorovich uhlala ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ngehlobo le-1762, inkosikazi yakhe uEkaterna yesibini ephefumlelweyo i-minion yayo ilungiselela ukuchitheka kwebhotwe, okwenzeka ekupheleni kukaJuni. UPeter, wabetha nguthandweni wendawo esingqongileyo, walahla itrone yaseRussia, owayengayithandi kwaye engafuni, kwaye efuna ukubuyela kwilizwe lakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ngokomyalelo we-catherine, umlawuli obibanjiweyo wabanjwa kwaye wabekwa kwibhotwe eRopsche kufuphi St. Presburg.
Kwaye nge-17 kaJulayi 1762, kwiveki emva koko, Peter III wasweleka. Unobangela wokusweleka 'kukuhlaselwa kwe-hemorrhoid ", kuphuculwe kukusebenzisa kakubi utywala. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nguqulelo iphambili yokufa komlawuli kukufa kobundlobongela ku-Alexei Orlova, uMzalwan 'olileyo ka-Grigotiy Orlova - eyona nto iphambili ngelo xesha le-catherine oyithandayo. Kukholelwa ukuba ii-eagles zaphazamisa ibanjwa, nangona i-Corpse yezonyango kamva okanye iinyani zembali ziqinisekisa oku. Le nguqulelo ixhomekeke kwi-Alexey, ethi ngexesha lethu igcinwe kwiikopi, kwaye izazinzulu zale mihla ziqinisekile ukuba eli phepha liyinyani eyenziwe ngu-Peder Mor, isandla sasekunene sikaPaul.
Emva kokubhubha komlawuli ophambili, kwabakho uluvo olungachanekanga lobuntu kunye nebhayiloji ye-Peter III, kuba zonke izigqibo zenziwa ngenxa yeememo zenkosikazi yakhe i-cariness i, abathathi-nxaxheba kwiNkosazana yeDashkina , enye yeembono eziphambili ze-Interpic, ukubalwa kweNikita Padin, kunye nomntakwabo-Bala uPeter ePan. Oko kukuthi, ngokusekelwe kwizimvo zaba bantu abangcatsha uPeter Fedorovich.
'Enkosi "kwiinkumbulo zeCatherine II, umfanekiso kaPeter III njengendoda enxilayo. Kutyholwa ibhinqa langena kwiofisi yoMlawuli kwaye yabonakala ibonwa. Ngaphezulu kwetafile yakhe yayiyi-rat. Umlingane Uphendule ukuba wenze ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nemithetho yasemkhosini ephantsi. Ngokutsho kwakhe, wabulawa kwaye iintsuku ezi-3 uya kuxhonywa phambi koluntu. ISergey Solovev, kwaye Vally Klyuchevsky, echaza uPetros owesithathu, wayiphinda ibali ".
Ngaba yayiyinyani, okanye ngenxa yoko uCatherine II ngokwenza "imvelaphi yakhe engalunganga" yadala umfanekiso wakhe oqinisekileyo, ngoku awunakwenzeka.
Amahemuhemu afa ahlaba inani elikhulu labaporho, bazibiza ngokuba "ukusinda kokumkani." I-phenomena enjalo yenzekile ngaphambili, kufanelekile ukukhumbula okungenani i-LHADMIREV. Kodwa ngenani labantu abazinikela kumlawuli, uPeter Shdorovich akanahlizi. Ubuncinci abantu abangama-40 bafumana "i-Lzhetters III", phakathi kwe-pugichev ne-puctachev neshumi elinesibini.
Imemori
- Ngo-1934 -Ukubonisa ifilimu "Isityholo seSlickty" (kwindima kaPeter III - USam Jaffe)
- Ngo-1963 - ifilimu ye-ART "IKaterina yaseRussia" (njengoko uPeter III - Raul Grauli)
- Ngo-1987 - Incwadi ethi "Inqaku" Inqaku leNkosana yaseRussia "- uSochnikov A.
- Ngo-1991 - Umzobo wefilimu "Vivat, Marthemaryna!" (Kwindima kaPeter III - i-mingail ye-empremov)
- Ngo-1991 - Incwadi ethi "Isilingo semmangaliso. "INkosana yaseRussia" kunye nabakhohlisi "- iSochnikov A.
- Ngo-2007 - Incwadi "Ekaterina II kunye noPeter III: Imbali Yembandezelo Engqokelela" - ivanov O. A.
- Ngo-2012 - incwadi ethi "Indlala yeGiant" - Elifeeva o.i.
- Ngo-2014 - Ungcelele 'uCatherine "(njengoko uPeter III - ALEXANDER YOTSO)
- Ngo-2014 - ilitye lesikhumbuzo kuPeter III kwisixeko saseJamani saseKiel (isikrini uAlexander Taratynov)
- Ngowama-2015- uthotho "Mkhulu" (kwindima kaPeter III - Pavel Drevyanoko)
- I-TV "TV" Igazi laseBaryn "(kwindima kaPeter III - Evgenyy Kulokov)