Biography
UPaul ndingumlawuli onzima. Ayisiyonyani ukuba ummeli we-Tsarsist ye-Tsarsist yaseRussia ifumene i-hamlet yesidlaliso. I-biography ka-Emperoed iguqukele yimicimbi ephambili, iqala ukusuka kwikhaya leenkedama kwaye iphele ekufeni kakhulu xa waba lixhoba lendlu yebhotwe. Ibhodi eyenziwa nguPaul bendinempikiswano yokuba kamva izazinzulu zazibuza ukuba ungumhlaziyi okanye udlule.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umlawuli wonke-uPaul Paul kuqala ulilungisa i-Royal Geeus Romanov, unyana kaCatherine II noPeter III. Nangona ngenxa yezihlathi zikayise ngesihloko esithi "Ayaziwa apho umfazi womfazi wakhe" akaziwa ", abaninzi bamgqala njengoYise kaPaultseevna seltyseevna seltyseevna seltyseevna seltyseevna seltyseevna seltym Ngapha koko, amazibulo wazalwa kuphela emva kweminyaka eli-10 yomtshato.
Nangona kunjalo, ukufana kwangaphandle kukaPawulos noPeter kufanele kuthathelwe ingqalelo njengempendulo kwabo bahlekisayo. Ubuntwana besikhongozelo kwixesha elizayo akunakubizwa ngokuba bonwabile. Ngenxa yomzabalazo wezopolitiko, i-essarestare yangoku i-Eszaveta i-Petrovna yayisoyika kuqala, umzukulwana wokunxibelelana nabazali bakhe kwaye ejikelezwe ngumkhosi we-nanny kunye nabaqengqelekayo, ababenqunyanyisiwe kwinkwenkwe.
AbaFundi bakaPaul bathi le ndoda ifumana imfundo engcono, eyayinokwenzeka kuphela ngelo xesha. Ukuchithwa kwayo kubonelelwe ngethala leencwadi lethala leencwadi leSifundi sikaJohann korf. Ootitshala bafundisa indlalifa kwitrone nguMthetho kaThixo, iilwimi zasemzini, imidaniso kunye nokubiyela, ukupeyinta kunye nezinye iisayensi.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, akukho zifundo zangenzanga nto inxulumene neMicimbi yasemkhosini, kodwa umntu ofikisayo okwishumi elivisayo waqala ukubandakanyeka kubo. UCatherine II, ejoyina itrone, watyikitya imbophelelo yokudlulisa unyana webhafu ndiyalawula ngokufezekiswa kwabafana abaselula.
Nangona kunjalo, olu xwebhu aluzange lugcinwe: Mhlawumbi i-MPRORER ichithile iphepha, kwaye mhlawumbi yintsomi nje. Kodwa babhekisa kwiBhodi yentsimbi engathandekiyo baseJamani, kuquka ne-Emely-pugachev, bathunyelwa kwingxelo enjalo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngokwasemthethweni, mna Paul nditshatile kabini. Iqabane lokuqala, inkosazana enkulu uNatalya Alekseevna, ngokuzalwa yayiyinkosazana yaseJamani yaseWilhelmina Hesse-Darmstadt. Eli nenekazi lisweleke kwiminyaka emi-2 emva komtshato ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana. Unyana wokuqala kaPaul ndazalelwa efile. Kwakuloo nyaka, umlawuli wexesha elizayo watshata kwakhona kwaye wafudukela kumfazi omtsha eGtchna, apho wachitha khona imithambo emkhosini.
I-Pavlo Petrovich inkosi yaseMaria Fedorovna ngaphambi komtshato, kwabizwa uSofia Maria Dorothey Württemberg, kwaye wamiselwa nje ngurhulumente, ngokunyaniseka uPawulos yathandana nentombazana. Umlawuli wabhala iNatile ukuba "lo blonde ngobuso obumnandi wawutshutshiswa ngumhlolokazi."
Kwimanyano noMaria Fedorovna, abantwana abayi-10 bazalwa bevela ku-Emperor. Ukongeza kwezi zikhongozeli zimbini zikhankanywe apha ngasentla, i-mikhail pavlovich, eyaseka isikolo sokuqala se-artillery yaseRussia eSt. Petersburg. Ngendlela, ekuphela komntwana owazalwa ngexesha lolawulo lukaPawulos kuqala.
Uthando kwinkosikazi yakhe ayizange iphazamise uPaul ndihamba ngokwemigaqo eyamkelweyo ngokubanzi kwaye uqalise eyona nto uyithandayo. Bobabini, eFrealilina Sophia ushakov kunye neMaurus Yuyov, wade wazala uMlawuli woBantwana abangekho mthethweni. Kukwakufanelekile ukuba uqaphele i-Ekaterina Nelidov, eyayinefuthe kumlawuli. Kwakukholelwa ukuba wazama ukukhokela ilizwe ngezandla zakhe.
Ubomi bobuqu kaPaul i kunye ne-Catherine Nelidova zanxiba ngengqondo ngakumbi kunophawu lwe-carnal. Kuyo, umlawuli usebenzise izimvo zothando. Xa intendelezo iyiqonda indlela ekusondelelene intendelezo ngokusondeleyo ukuba ingakanani na la mandla ale mfazi eyandayo, babeka indawo "yokutshintshwa" kukaPawulos.
UAnna Lopukhin waba yinenekazi elitsha lentliziyo, kwaye uNelidova uthathe umhlala-phantsi kwinqaba yeLoda, waya kwintsimi ye-Estonia yangoku. Inomdla wokwazi ukuba uLopukhina uphumelele kwimeko yemicimbi, epeyinta ubume benkosikazi, "i" knight "ibonakalisa ingqalelo kwaye icaphukisiwe ukuba obu budlelwane bubonisiwe ezantsi.
Ibhunga lolawulo
UPawulos ndathatha itrone yobukumkani baseRussia kwiminyaka engama-42. Kanye ngexesha lokunyuka komgaqo, wabhengeza utshintsho ngolungelelwaniso lwetrone: ngoku kuphela amadoda anokulawula iRussia, kwaye isithsaba satshintshwa kuphela kuYise kuphela - abafazi bosapho lwasebukhosini bahluthwa itrone. Oku kuvaliwe ngethemba lokuthintela i-coup ye-phar ekhoyo kumaxesha akutshanje.
Ngendlela, okokuqala ngqa kwimbali, ngenkqubo yenkqubo yenkqubo yenziwa ngaxeshanye kumlawuli, kunye ne-vresress. Ulwalamano oluntsonkothileyo kunye nomama lukhokelela kwinto yokuba uPawulos ndikhetha indlela yesikhokelo selizwe ndichasa izigqibo zangaphakathi kwi-prolilly yangaphakathi "yokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo".
Njengangoku "kubizwa ngokuba" yimemori ye-CARITINE Alekseevna Pavel ibuyise inkululeko ye-Alexander Dradicchev, uNikolay Novikov kunye ne-Ange eya. Wawuguqula umkhosi waza waqala ukulwa nenqaba ekunene.
Umlawuli waseRussia watyikitya inani lamaxwebhu aphawula ukonakalisa isikhundla sobungangamsha. Ukucinga ngokuphucula isikhundla sabalingane, umlawuli wakhupha iZimoto malunga nokuThengisa ezintathu. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, abanini-ndawo bavala i-barhina ngeCawa, iiholide kunye ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezintathu ngeveki.
Ukuguqulwa kwePhondo kwaqala ukususela ekukhululweni kommiselo "kwiCandelo elitsha likaRhulumente kwiPhondo". Injongo yayikukuqhubela phambili amandla ngokudibanisa amandla kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zomxholo wolawulo.
Ngokungqinelana noku, yayicetywe ukunciphisa isixa samaphondo ukusuka kwi-50 kuye kwa-41, ukupheliswa kweenqanawa zodidi, ukunciphisa iindleko zamagosa ngokunciphisa iindawo, ukuqhuba isikhundla sabalawuli. Ngo-1800, uPawulos ndibakholisa i-Musiwe kwiJamani yoBukhosi baseJamani, obungapapashwanga.
Umsebenzi onjalo womlawuli awukhokelela kwinto elungileyo. Inkululeko ye-radicals, emva kweminyaka emininzi, iphendule ngohlobo lwenkokeli yenkokeli, phakathi kwabantu abamelweyo base-Arzamis bangenisa, kwaye ukuncitshiswa kweBarbecine kuhlala kuphela entweni yoxinzelelo. Ijika ingaphumelelanga kwaye ibuyiselwe imali ye-1796-1798, injongo eyayiza kunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokwala imali.
Kumgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle, uPawulos ndaduma ngomzabalazo onamagqabantshintshi ngempumelelo yesiFrentshi. Wazisa ubugqwetha okubethekayo kwincwadi yokupapasha, iincwadi zaseFransi, ifashoni, kubandakanya iiCAPS ezijikelezayo, zavalwa. Ngexesha leBhodi yePavel Petrovich, enkosi kwi-Alexander Alexander Suvov, umkhosi waseRussia kunye nomkhosi we-Russia wenza i-Prussian kunye nemikhosi yase-Austrian.
Emva kwexesha, umlawuli wabonakalisa umlinganiswa wakhe ongaguqukiyo, wakhukuliswa ngamahlakani olwalamano kwaye wafumana umanyano noNapoleon. KwakuseBongoparte, umlawuli waseRussia wabona amandla anokuphelisa i-antimonisorchication. Ngo-1801, iRussia yaqukumbela uxolo neFransi.
Nangona kunjalo, wayeyimpazamo: I-Franch akazange aphumelele nasemva kokusweleka kukaPaul, kodwa ngenxa yesigqibo sakhe kunye nendawo ekhulelweyo ye-UK, iRussia ilahlekelwe kwimakethi enkulu yentengiso, eboniswe kwimigangatho yentengiso, eboniswe kumgangatho wentengiso Ukuhlala ebukumkanini.
Kwangoko, ngo-1798, i-bonaparte yangaphantsi yeMalta. Kungekudala emva koko, mna Paul ndicela abahlali baseMaltayo bamkela isihloko senkosi enkulu yomyalelo we-Malta. Ngesi sihlandlo, i-vladimir ye-vladimir borovikovsky ihlaziye i-corrait yomlawuli kunye neempawu ezintsha ze-regalia kunye neempawu. Kwinkulungwane ye-Xviii, amaqela obukhosi angabi nakuqhelekanga, yayikwisiko lokubabhala ngokupeyinta okukhoyo. Ubuso bomlawuli Umculi wabhalela i-schukin yangowakwa.
Ukufa
Ngexesha lolawulo lukaPaul, ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwelifa, ubuncinci bemincili balungelelaniswa ngokuchasene neRomanov, owona msebenzi wokugqibela wafumana impumelelo. Amagosa, amagosa eemali zaseRussia, kunye namanani orhulumente ebusuku ngo-Matshi 24, 1801, bangenela ukubulala kukaPaul I. Ngaphambilana, loo bhotile ethunyelweyo ithunyelwe kwingcwaba likaPeter III.
Unobangela waseburhulumenteni wokufa wabizwa ngokuba yimpukane ye-apoplexy. Kufanelekile ukuba isimangalisi sokuba iingangamsha zidibene nekalika yokufa kunye neencasa ezingafunekiyo. Imbono kaPaul Iszukulwana elandelayo iqaqambile. Abanye kulawulo luka-Alexander I, kwaye emva koko eSoviet wenza umfanekiso waseTirana noMsindisi. I-Poet Alexander Pullkin kwi-Ode "Inkululeko" ibiza "i-Fine Villain."
Abanye bazama ukugxininisa imeko yokwenyani kaPawulos kuqala, obizwa ngokuba ngumlawuli "ekuphela kothando etroneni" kunye "neHamlet yaseRussia". Icawe ye-Orthodox ide ithathelwe ingqalelo kukukhathazeka umlawuli.