Imbali yomlinganiswa
I-epos ye-goldmy e-Wordy eNgilane ye-England ikhanyisela ixesha elide lokulawula kuka-Arthur. I-knity knight, umlawuli onobulumko nomphathi onobukroti banika ilizwe lehlabathi kunye nozinzo. Lo mlinganiswa waba ngumdaniso we-kightnight, edibanisa itafile ejikelezileyo phantsi konqulo, inkalipho nokunyaniseka kuBukumkani bamajoni afanelekileyo. Amashumi eencwadi, iifilimu, izinto ezenziwayo zemidlalo kunye nemizimba zinikelwe kwintsomi yeentsomi zeCeltic.Imbali
Intsomi ye-England ityebile njenge-piggy yebhanki yamagorha adumileyo eScandinavia yakudala, iJamani, iRussia neFinland. UKing Arthur, owaqala uBond nge-600, wathatha indawo eqinileyo kwiindawo zoncwadi kunye nobhala.
Ukuvumelana ukuba ngubani oPhqutyana ka-Arthur, abaphandi basasilela ukubeka phambili iinguqulelo ezintathu eziphambili. Abanye babamba imvelaphi yomlinganiswa kwiintsomi zeWelsh, apho igorha elizalwe eWales laqatshelwa emfazweni noKisami, kodwa zangeyisa itrone. Abanye bathi iiprotokhoyisi zisebenza njengamagcisa e-lucius apho, umphathi wamaRoma. Isithathu sibhekisa kwisazisi sophumelele i-saxions kumlo wase-Avreya Avreyea, kunye nomRoma.
ISybakimeny, kodwa kusekho ubungqina kukuba ngenkulungwane ye-6, incopho yokuthandwa kuka-Arthur yayithandwa, oko kukuthi, oko kunokuba nemfesane kwabadala abantu. Ngaphandle kwe-hypotheses malunga neengcambu zeqhawe, kukholelwa ukuba inkosi yaseBritane ngumfanekiso odibeneyo olwenziwa yimbali yomkhosi kunye nabalawuli.
Iinkcukacha zobomi bababhali nazo zahlukile kubabhali, kodwa ngokubanzi amabali aphambili aqhelekileyo aqhelekileyo. UArthur sisiqhamo sokukrexeza sokumkani waseBritani i-riatan padrandon nge-duchess yomdlalo (enye into eyahlukileyo yegama - i-Eigir). Ukwahlula ibhedi kunye nenkosikazi yelinye ilizwe, ukumkani wanceda i-wizard yeMorlin, ephelisa i-tir kwinkosikazi yamanenekazi ngokutshintshiselana.
I-wizard yanikela umntwana kuhlobo oluhlobo nolumkileyo kwi-ecute, eyaphakamisa inkwenkwe njengonyana womthonyama, ukulandelela izakhono zomntu.
Utore wayetshatile iGrana oyintanda, kodwa isibini esiphethe isithsaba saphinda sasebenza omnye unyana. Emva kwetyhefu, eNgilani, kwavela umbuzo onokuthatha indawo yakhe. I-Merlin yeWizard ye-Merlin ye-Merlin yangenisa "uvavanyo" -kukrelekrele 'ngekrele elibukhali kwilitye. Ngubani oza kumgxotha, ukumkani. UArthur, owayekhonzwa ngumzalwana onengqininti, ekhululekile, wakhupha isixhobo kwaye ngokungalindelekanga wenyuka ngetrone. Nangona kunjalo, inyani malunga nemvelaphi yakhe yasebukhosini, lo mfana wafunda kwangoko kwiMerlin.
UKumkani uArthur wazinza kwiCagendary ye-legeland. Esi sakhiwo sisakhangela "Abalandeli be-Arturnarina", kodwa le yintsomi yamanzi amsulwa-Inqaba yaliva imbongi ngenkulungwane ye-13 kunye nombhali weKrete de Tsoita. Icebo elithile lidibene ngamakhulu ee-knights ezidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Uluhlu lwabahlobo bomlawuli bazalisekisa i-geven, i-percival, iGalahadi kunye, ewe, i-LanceLot.
Amadoda azukileyo angenela ibali njengabakhuseli bobuthathaka nabasesikweni, abahamba ngeentsomi, abahlaseli bemeko ye-barbaria abasuka kwi-Barbaria babahlali kunye nabahlaseli besilwanyana kunye nobugqi. Badumile kwabo baxakekileyo kunye nemibono yokufumana indebe yesixhobo, enika umniniyo. Ngenxa yoko, fumana into engcwele, awasela kuyo uYesu, walawula unyana kaLancelot.
Ii-knights zazihamba kwitafile ejikelezileyo. Ngokutsho kwenguqulo enye, umbono wokudala into yefanitshala enjalo yeyamfazi kaKumkani uArthur, kwenye - itafile enyukayo kumalungelo kunye netafile yabo bonke ababehlala kuye, wazisa uMlawuli Merlin. I-wizard ihlala yeza efika kuphela ukuba ikhulise i-knights ze-knights, kodwa nangeenjongo zemfundo-zimiselwe ngezenzo ezilungileyo, ukungcatshwa.
IBhodi yenkosi yase-Arthur, eyakwazisi ukusindisa imeko evela kwiimfazwe zamakhaya, yalibaziseka iminyaka emininzi. Kodwa ubomi begorha banqunyulwa ngenxa yokungcatshwa kwentsapho yakhe.
Umfanekiso
Kwincwadi, uKumkani uArthur ubonakala elona qhawe liphambili, umlawuli ofanelekileyo kunye ne-knight efanelekileyo. Umlinganiswa uneempawu ezintle: Kwisimo sakhe, udityaniswe ngenkalipho, ububele. Uzolile kwaye uyagweba, ocothayo, akasoze avumele umntu ngaphandle kwetyala kunye nophando. UArthur ujolise ekudibaniseni urhulumente ukuba azise kwinqanaba elitsha lophuhliso.
Inkangeleko iguqulelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nokuba amagcisa aphakathi akaphumelelanga ukuza kuthi ga ngoku jonga kule nto - ke i-auturacrat ibonakaliswa yi-Luntolic, kunye nendoda egudileyo emnyama. Ndifuna ukukholelwa ababhali beenoveli kunye neemovie, apho uArthur lukhula oluphezulu kunye nomzimba onamandla, ngenkangeleko yobulumko.
Ukubonisa amandla eBogati ye-crown knight bancede ikrele likaMlingo ye-Eccibur, eza kutshintshwa 'kwekrele eliphuma kwilitye ". Kanye kwi-duel ene-perinor (umchasi, owathi kamva waba ngu-Ally), uArthur waqhekeza isixhobo, enkosi apho wakucela itrone. IWizard yaseMerlin yathembisa isipho esimangalisayo neLizwi elabulawayo - uKumkani oselula wafumana ikrele obuvela kwizandla ze-witfiies yechibi, egqunywe yimihlaba yaseLake.
Isixhobo somlingo sabethwa utshaba ngaphandle kobubi, kodwa umniniyo wathembeka ukuba asebenzise ikrele kuphela ngegama lezenzo, kwaye lakufika emva kokubulawa kuka-Arthur.
Woyisa i-artur.
Ngokwezithethe, uArthur uthathe inxaxheba kwiimfazwe ezahlukeneyo zegazi. Umbhali weZikrelemsayo malunga ne-Yelsh Monch Nonnia ichaza iimfazwe ezili-12 eziqaqambileyo. Olona phuculo luphambili lwe-autocral yayili-booct edabini leNtaba yeAkuban, apho iBritans yoyiswa ngukumkani. Kweli dabi surtur ngoncedo lwe-AncialBur wabetha i-960 i-knights yecala eliphikisayo.
INkosi yeBritanes yakwazi ukoyisa umkhosi we-glimari waseIreland, eNgilani kamva wamfumana kamva. Iintsuku ezintathu uArthur wafakwa kwi-SAKSOV kwihlathi laseCaledonia kwaye ekugqibeleni waphinda wabuya iintshaba eJamani. Idabi lase-Pridin lazisa uloyiso loyisezo-umkhwenyana ka-Arthur wahlala phantsi kwitrone yaseNorway.
Usapho
I-Nadev Koronu, uArthur wagqiba kwelokuba atshate. Ukhetho lwawa ebuhleni, i-gorine "inenekazi elihle" linenekazi le-Guinev, intombi yokumkani waseDargement, owayesele sandiswa ngezandla zabathengisi baseBritani. Intliziyo yomfana oselula inyibilika kwi-Spell yentombazana ekuqaleni. Ubomi bomtshato bagutyungelwa kuphela ukungabikho kwabantwana - iGwinera yanxiba isiqalekiso, ifunyenwe kumthakathi ombi, esisiphi isibini esingazange sikrokrela.
Nangona kunjalo, uKing Arthur wayenomntu olwamkeliswa ngunyana ongenxareyini, kwaye esuka kudade odityanisiweyo. I-Merlin's wizard yesibini esitshatileyo esinamachibi entombi asibeka kwindawo yezitulo kwintombazana leyo kunye nentombazana ukuze bangazamkeli omnye komnye kwaye bangenela ubudlelwane bothando. Iintlungu zakhuliswa, zityalwe ngobuqhetseba, ingqumbo kunye namaphupha amandla kwinkwenkwe.
UArthur wakhathazeka kwinkosikazi yakhe ithandekayo kunye nomhlobo we-lancelot. Ukungcatshwa kubekwe isiqalo secala lebhodi yendlu yenkosi efanelekileyo. Ngalo lonke ixesha umlawuli waseBritani walilungisa imibuzo yobuqu, egxotha i-gegitoves yeLancelolo, eGweinara, efakwe emandleni akhe ezandleni zakhe. Kwimfazwe yecandelo le-cammy yawa wonke umkhosi weNgilani. UArthur walwa nebhotile, kodwa umzobo wakhe wabetha unyana wambetha inxeba likatata.
Iincwadi
Ixesha lolawulo lukaKumkani ozukisiweyo uArthur Gell kwiindinyana neenoveli. I-noble i-ofisi engagungqiyo yabonakala kuqala kwimibongo ye-Welsh kwi-600 AD. Njengophawu oluphambili lwezithethe zabantu. Imbali yesiLatin "Imbali yeBritt" ifumene ukuqhubela phambili "kwimbali yookumkani baseBritani" phantsi kolawulo lwe-Gzerid Montritky. Ke ukukhanya kwabona ibali elipheleleyo ngobomi buka-Arthur.
Ukuqala kwiXesha Eliqhelekileyo, iintsomi malunga nokumkani waseArthur kunye ne-knight ye-kight yetafile yaqala ukonwabela i-CONDAR DED Dea, i-Thomas Hashenbach, emva koko i-Thomas Malory. Umlinganiswa oqalisiweyo TyAin, uAlfred Tennison, uMary Stewart kunye noNicholas Tolstoy noStephen King. Kukholelwa ukuba yayivela kwi-Mythology yam yokuba abaduli bohlobo lwe-fantasy bavunyelwa.
Siphawula ezona ncwadi ziphambili zisekwe kwi-Arturovsky Epos:
- I-1590 - "ukumkanikazi", Edmand Spencer
- 1856-1885 - "i-idylli", i-Alfred Tennison
- Ngo-1889 - "Ukufika kwee-Yankees kwiNkundla kaKumkani uArthur", uMarko Twiin
- Ngo-1938-1958 - Umjikelo weNkokeli "Kumkani wangaphambili kunye nokuza", tency mhlophe
- Ngo-1982 - "Tuman Avalon", Marion Zimmer Bradley
- Ngo-1975 - isipili seMerlin, uAndre Norton
- Ngo-2000 - "amaza kude", Robert Asprin
Iifilimu kunye nabadlali
Ukulandela ababhali, umfanekiso ka-Arthur wathabatha i-cinema. Ifilimu yokuqala enoMlawuli we-Britov wawususa uMlawuli Richard Torp ngo-1954. Umsebenzi we-knights yetafile ejikelezileyo, apho impahla yenqobo ye-Arthur ityhafisa i-ferer, yafumana indumiso kwaye inyulwe i-Oscar kunye ne-PERNAR PRIBAY UMNYANGO.
Ababukeli beTV bokuphela kwe-70s babukelwa benomdla kubomi be-knights kunye nomdlalo we-Actor Andrew Berta kwi-Arthur ye-Adventire ".
Umzi-mveliso weefilimu ngaphambi kokuqala kweMillenium entsha yazisa "abalandeli" be-Arrirurian "kwenye i-ribbons ezisixhenxe apho abadlali abasixhenxe khona:
- Ngo-1981 - "Eccalibur" (Nigel Terry)
- Ngo-1985 - uKing Arthur (Malcolm Mc Ded)
- Ngo-1995 - "Ukufika kwee-yankees kwiNkundla yeKing Arthur" (Nick Manzi)
- Ngo-1995 - "knight yokuqala" (uSean uqhagamshelo)
- Ngo-2004 - "uKumkani uArthur" (u-Arthur wadlala u-Owen, Grim kwaye enxibe i-Guiraa, kwaye kwindima yeLancelota, kunye neNdima yeLancelota wavela)
Emva koko abalawuli bagqiba kwelokuba babuyise, kwaye ngo-2017, kunye namandla amatsha, bakrokrela ukumkani we-Brineet kwi-cinethi. Intshukumo "UKing Arthur: Ukubuyiswa kwe-Ecariya" ekuqaleni kweNtwasahlobo uAnthony Smith. Intloko yenkqubo yokudubula yamenyelwa ngu-Adam Bayard, Nikolala Stewart Hill, Simon Armstrong.
Ukulandela le nkulumbuso, itreyila yokugqibela yaphuma kwifilimu entsha evela kuMlawuli Gaya Graidie "kwiKing Arthur Skur, eyathi yazisa uMbukeli ngoMeyi ka-2017. Kwisiko le-Arthur, ngeli xesha yayinguCharlie Hannelne. Lo mfanekiso awunanto yokwenza nomqondo wokuqala weentsomi malunga ne-knights. Umlinganiswa ophambili ubeka imaski yenkokeli yeqela labaphangi, abafuna ukubhukuqa umthengisi we-vortigun. I-soundracks yokupeyinta yabhala uDaniel Pemberton, ophumeleleyo kwiGlobe yeGlobe yeGold 201 2016 yomculo obalaseleyo kwiifilimu.
Umlinganiswa wathatha indawo efanelekileyo kwilifa lobupoli. I-Cartoon "ikrele elithi" kwiNcwadi yeTerens Mhlophe malunga ne-Arthur yobuntwana yasuswa kwi "disney". Kwaye emva kweminyaka engama-30, iqhawe lalibonisa amagcisa "i-waburner bros" kwikhathuni "Kukrelekrele ngemilingo: Khangela i-Imeri".
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Kwi-Xii yenkulungwane, ngexesha lokubuyiselwa kwe-Glastonbury's Abbey e-County, i-TOSETETET (i-England) ikhubekile engcwabeni, emnqamlezweni wegama likaKumkani uArthur ekutsalwa. Kwinkulungwane ye-xvi, iimonki zaye zatshitshiswa, kwaye ukungcwatywa kwamnyamala phantsi kwamabhodlo. Namhlanje, abakhenkethi bakhumbula ingcwaba elinokwenzeka loMlawuli omkhulu womqondiso.
- Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-80s, ukuhlonela uKumkani uArthur, i-crater ibizwa ngokuba yi-mimas - i-satellite ye-saturn saturn.
- Amanani efilimu yokugqibela malunga ne-knight ye-knight inomtsalane. Kwi-Andertortur "ikrele elithi" Ikrele lama-40 i-Ecariyaliaaaas bayabandakanyeka, kwaye bali-10 kuphela kwintsimbi, ezinye zenziwa ngeplastiki. Kwidabi eliphambili, amahashe ali-130 athabatha inxaxheba, ibhulorho yakhiwa ngeemitha ezingama-60, eyomeleleyo kangangokuba wagcina abakhweli abalishumi elinambini, batsiba ngaxeshanye.