Biography
I-bitgraphy ye-bitsimeria ihlukile kwabanye abaninzi, okokuqala, ubuntu balo mntu ungacacanga kwaye ubuntu abakhoyo. Wabenza baqiniseke ukuba wayethi cwaka uIvan, kodwa kamva wamkelwa njengomkhohlisi. Umhla osemthethweni wolo mntu uzaliswe ngumhla wokuzalwa kwe-Tsarevich Dilmmiry, ngelixa eminye imithombo ye-fallirria nonyana wokwenene wenkosi awungqinelani. Oku kuyasebenza nakwiinguqulelo zendawo yokuzalelwa: ngokwakhe wathi wazalelwa eMoscow, ohambelana nebali lakhe, ngelixa ukubonakaliswa kwaqinisekisa ukuba i-lzhedmiry-ivela eWorsaw. Kufanelekile ukongeza ukuba ukumkani waseLidmitry 1 waba ngumntu wokuqala osindileyo waseTsarevich.
Kungokwemvelo ukuba i-biography ye-bilpitria 1 inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokufa kwe-Tsarevich encinci ye-Tsarevich. Inkwenkwe ibhubhile ngeemeko ezingachazwanga kwiminyaka esibhozo. Ngokwasemthethweni, ukufa kwakhe kwakuqatshelwa njengengozi, kodwa umama waqwalaselwa ngenye indlela, ebizwa ngokuba ngamagama ababulali abakwinqanaba eliphezulu, ebizwa ngokuba yimbali eqhubekayo noBoristori uBorimov, uFallitria noShuisky Vasily. Eyokuqala yayithathwa njengomthengi ukuba ibulale indlalifa ukuya kwitrone, isithathu saphanda saza sabhengezwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo iimeko kunye namarhe phesheya esiya eRussia, ukuba i-Tsarevich yayisindisiwe kwaye yasaba.
Ubuntu be-fitmitmiria i.
Imvelaphi yobuso ibizwa ngokuba yi-King Dmifury, ihlala ingaziwa, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba idatha yembali igcinwe inceda ukuseka ubuntu bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi zalowo wayehlala etroneni ngexesha eliphambili (omnye wabagqatso ophambili wayenguGregory Farmakyev, unyana kaGatibhiy Yomerin, obabuntwana yayinguRop of Romanov. Emva kwexesha, i-grigory yachukumiseka kwiimonki kwaye yabhadula ijikeleze oonoondonan. Umbuzo ngowokuba kutheni uSperkyevev waqalisa ukuqaphela i-Lightmitria.
Okokuqala, wayenomdla kakhulu ekubulaweni kukaTsarevich, kwaye ngequbuliso waqalisa ukufunda imigaqo kunye ne-tiquette yobomi benkundla. Okwesibini, ukuhamba kwe-Monk Grigueeva evela kubahlali abangcwele bayahambelana nenkalo yokuqala yephulo lobuxoki. Kwaye okwesithathu, ngexesha lolawulo lukaLiditmiya 1, ukumkani wabhala ngeempazamo ezibonakalayo, ezazifana neempazamo eziqhelekileyo zomkhombelo we-reastery.
Ngokutsho kolunye uhlobo, uGregory akazange azinikezele ngokwakhe ngenxa ye-phydimitria, kodwa wafumana elungele imbonakalo nemfundo yomfana. Lomntu unokuba ngunyana ongekho mthethweni we-polish ye-polish stepheni. Ukuphelisa le meko, kulula kakhulu ukubamba umkhohlisi wezixhobo ezibandayo, ukukhwela ihashe, ukudubula, ukudanisa, kunye neyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu. Ubungqina bukaStefano ngokwakhe busebenza ngokuchasene ne-hypothesis, abaye bobomi baqonda esidlangalaleni ukuba wayengenanyana. Okwesibini eso sibini kunika isibakala sokuba inkwenkwe kuthiwa yayikhula kwindawo yamaKatoni ukuya kwiOrthodoxy.
Amathuba athi "Inyaniso" ayifakwanga ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, ukuba u-Lishadimry wayengunyana kaJohn Grozny, ofihliweyo kwaye ewela iPoland. Le ncwadana inemikhono ithandwayo isekwe, eyathi, ngaxeshanye, kwangaxesha, oontanga bakhe kwi-EDAPON, ababehlala kwiwadi, belahlekile. Kutyholwa lo mntwana wabulawa phantsi kolawulo lwe-Tsarevich, kwaye indlalifa ngokwakhe ifihlwe. Ingxoxo eyongezelelweyo yeNgxowa-nguquzeleli yimeko ebalulekileyo: Ayisiyo kuphela loo ngukumkanikazi uMarta eLhadishin, engazange asebenze kwiCawa yomntwana womngcwabo.
Ngayiphi na imeko, kuyaphawuleka ukuba i-Lishadimry andizigqali ngokwakhe kwaye ndiphantse bonke abaphengululi: Wayekholelwa ngokunyaniseka ekubandakanyekeni kwakhe kwintsapho yasebukhosini.
I-Retitmiria i.
Ngo-1604, iphulo le-Fallimeria I eMoscow lenzekileyo. Ngendlela, abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba wayeyindlalifa ngqo kwitrone, ngoko uninzi lwezixeko luye lwanikezelwa ngaphandle komlo. Kwikomkhulu, umfaki-sicelo wetrone wafika emva kokubhubha kukaForinov, kwaye unyana wakhe uNyana uNyana u-Toutisunov, olawula iiyure ezili-18, we-Fallimeria ebulewe.
Imithetho ye-lhadmitry ngokufutshane, nangona ingaphambi kwakhe. Phantse kwangoko emva kokuba inyuke, incoko malunga nempahla ihambe. Abo basaxhase iphulo lomxokelo, baqala ukuba nomsindo kwindlela abaqhuba ngokuzithandela abaqhuba ngayo ubuncwane, bechitha imali yaseRussia kwiPoland neLithuania. Kwelinye icala, uKumkani omtsha waseLidmimry andizange ndisifezekise isithembiso sokuba ndinike izibonda izixeko ezininzi zaseRussia kwaye ndizise ntoni kurhulumente waseRussia kwaye ndaqala ukumxhasa kumzabalazo we itrone. Kwiinyanga ezili-11 okokuqala kwe-lamgmimry owokuqala wayeyintloko ye-Russia, kwakukho iyelenqe eliqela kunye neshumi elinambini lokuzama.
Umgaqo-nkqubo we-Lhadmitria i.
Izenzo zokuqala zokumkani waseFalmimeria ndaba nesisa ezininzi. Wabuya kwikhonkco lezingagushe ezigxothiweyo kwi-monscow kubaqeshwa, aphindwe kabini umvuzo, kwaye abanini bomhlaba banda kakhulu, irhafu emazantsi elizwe. Kodwa ekubeni ubuncwane obuvela kuyo bungenanto kuphela, kukumkani wase-Lhadmimmishry ndikhule nakwezinye iindawo. I-Bunts yaqalisa ukukhula, nto leyo enqabileyo yokucima amandla, kwaye endaweni yoko bavumela abalingane ukuba batshintshe umnini-mhlaba ukuba angawondla. Ngenxa yoko, umgaqo-nkqubo weFalmitni waseFalmitnia ndazakhela kwisisa nakwinceba kwifayile yakhe. Ngendlela, wayengenakunyamezelana, ngenxa yokuba etshintsha kakhulu.
Uninzi lwayothusa into yokuba ukumkani wase-Lhadmimmry ndaphule inkcubeko ngokwamkelekile ngokwesiko. Akazange alale emva kwesidlo sangokuhlwa, epheliswe ii-fetos ezibongoza enkundleni, wayehlala esiya esixekweni kwaye enxibelelana ngokobuqu nabantu abaqhelekileyo. I-Lhadmitry ndithathe inxaxheba kakhulu kuyo yonke imicimbi kwaye ndithethathethane yonke imihla. Umgaqo woMthetho oNgabuxoki unokubizwa ngokuba yinto engeyiyo yaseRussia, kodwa nakwiYurophu yaloo maxesha. Umzekelo, uhamba ngendlela edakumbile kwintsimi yelizwe kubantu basemzini, kwaye iRussia yaseLhadmitria yayibizwa ngokuba yeyona lizwe likhulu.
Kodwa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi weFalmimeria owakhelwe ngenceba, ngaphandle kwangaphandle yaqalisa ukulungisa imfazwe kunye namaTurkes ukuba awoyiswe iAzov kwaye athabathe umlomo we-Don. Waqala ngokufundisa i-sagittarius ukuba ilawulwe ngeemodeli zemipu entsha kwaye ithathe inxaxheba kuqeqesho kwi-par enamajoni. Kwimfazwe ephumeleleyo, inkosi yayifuna ukuqukumbela umanyano namazwe asentshona, kodwa yamkelwa, kuba ebengazalisekisi izithembiso. Ngokubanzi, umgaqo-nkqubo we-fitmimeria, obonakala ngathi ungowokuqala, ekugqibeleni waphathwa kuphela.
Ubomi Buqu
Utshatile i-Lhadmitry bendivela eMarina Mnishek, intombi yerhuluneli yasePoland, eyabonakala ngathi ingumntu ongumlingane, kodwa wayenqwenela ukuba ngukumkanikazi. Nangona wayehlala kweli thuba nje ngeveki: Amaqabane aye alala ngaphambi kokuba afe. Ngendlela, u-Mnishek wayengumfazi wokuqala owayethweswe isithsaba eRussia, kwaye olandelayo waba yi-Ekaterina II. I-Lhadmitriy inkosi ndithandwa kakhulu, njengoko ubungqina obubhaliweyo babuselwa njengokuba wayekhumbula iimvakalelo zakhe kwintlanganiso. Kodwa esi simo sengqondo sasingafani ncam. Kungekudala emva kokusweleka komyeni wakhe, uMarina wahlala nendoda, ebizwa ngokuba yiLightmitriy II, wamnika umyeni wokuqala.
Ngokubanzi, i-lhadmitry bendingumsa. Ngexesha leBhodi yakhe emfutshane, enyanisweni, zonke iintombi kunye nabafazi base Boyiwa baba ngamashweshwe lawo. Kwaye eyona nto uyithandayo ngaphambi kokufika kukaMarina Mnishek yayiyintombi kaBoris therinov, eKsenia. Kwakukho amahemuhemu kangangokuba wakwazi ukhulelwe ukuba akhulelwe ukusuka kwinkosi. I-hobby yesibini ye-autocrat emva kokuba i-aute ye-chibelry. Ukongeza, kukho ubungqina bokuba i-Falrerium 1 ihlala ithandwa kakhulu ukuba ithabathe kwaye ihlambe, apho yayiqhutywa khona ngabahlobo abangqinelani.
Ukufa
Ngaphakathi kwe-1606, iValily Shuisky igqibe kwelokuba iphakamise izibonda, iMoscow yezikhukula kwimphetho yomsitho womtshato. I-Dlimry yaziwa ngale nto, kodwa akazange anikel 'ukubaluleka kwezi ncoko. UShuisky wasungula umhemu abasemzini bafuna ukumbulala ukumkani, kwaye ngaloo ndlela baphakamisa abantu ekuxhelweni kwegazi. Ngokuthe ngcembe, wakwazi ukutshintsha umbono wokuba "yiya kwizibonda" ukuze "aqhubeke nomkhohlisi". Xa ndaqhekezela waya kungena eyadini yomzi, Lhadmitry wazama ukuba alwe isihlwele, ngoko ndandifuna ukubaleka ngefestile, kodwa yawa evela ukuphakama kuyimitha 15, wawa sangena kwintendelezo yokuqala, disultened ukuya umlenze, waziqhekeza esifubeni nokuphila elahlekileyo.
Umzimba we-fitmimeria endisuka kubathunyisa bandigcina i-sagittarius, kwaye ukuba bathobele isihlwele, sinikele ukukhokela i-Tsaritsa Marfu, ukuba ukumkani aqiniseke, ukuba ukumkani wakhe ungunyana wakhe. Kodwa kwanangaphambi kokubayisa kogqatso, ulowo wayekonwabela i-DITGY FMIMY kwaye wacela ukuba abize igama labo. Kude kube lixesha lokugqibela lobomi, wayeqhuba iinguqulelo awayengunyana wokwenene kaIvan Garznyny. Ndigqibile ukumkani wangaphambili ngamakrele neefolokhwe, kwaye sele sisiko elifileyo kangangemihla eliqela lokungcatsha uhlazo lukawonke-wonke elingcatshelwe ngurhulumente - i-mazali qhukula, icule iingoma.
U-Liemedritra ndangcwaba isango leSerpukhov, emangcwabeni lababulali, abahlali kunye namaqhinga. Kodwa le ilebhile kubuntu bokumkani kubantu abaye bafumana abathobekileyo nabatshutshisi babengonelanga. Ukusukela emva kokubulawa kwe-fitmimeria I, isiphango sasiwa kwindawo ejikelezileyo, sihlwayela, baqala ukuthetha ebantwini, ngokungathi bangena balala engcwabeni, kwaye ebusuku baphuma bangaphambili isifundo. Ke isidumbu sakhutshwa satshisa umlilo, uthuli luxutywe nompu, lwadubula kwicala lasePoland, apho ndafika khona i-lhadmishry. Ngendlela, yayikuphela kwempumbele ebalini, eveliswe ngumpu kakumkani.