Biography
UKolchak Alexander Vasneevich - umphathi-mkhosi obalaseleyo kunye noMgcini waseRussia, umphandi ophangaleleyo. Kwisithuba semfazwe yamakhaya, wangena kwimbali yembali njengenkokeli intshukumo emhlophe. Ukuvavanywa kobuntu be-kolchak yenye yezona phepha ziphikisayo kunye nethambeka lembali yaseRussia yenkulungwane yama-20.
UAlexander Kolchak wazalwa nge-16 kaNovemba we-1674 kwilali yaseAlexandrovskoe kwidolophu yaseSt. Petersburg, kwintsapho yamangaguli. URod Kolchakov wajika udumo kwintsimi yasemkhosini, elungiselela uBukhosi baseRussia kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Utata wakhe wayeliqhawe lokukhusela i-sevastopol ngexesha lephulo lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Imfundo
Ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-11 ubudala kwafumana imfundo yasekhaya. Ngo-1885-88 UAlexander wafunda kwi-6th Gymnasium ye-St. Petersburg, ephumelele kuyo kwiiklasi ezintathu. Emva koko wangena kwiCayet yoLwandle yeCadet, ebonakalisa impumelelo ekrakra kuzo zonke izifundo. Njengomfundi obalaseleyo kulwazi lwezenzululwazi kunye nokuziphatha kwabhaliswa eklasini ye-Martheyins kwaye wanyulwa ifedfelles. Waphumelela kwisidanga kwi-Cadet comps ngo-1894 kwinqanaba le-michman.Ukuqala kwe-Drier
Ukususela nge-1895 ukuya kwi-1899, kolchak enzelwe iifiti zeBaltic kunye nePasifiki, kathathu yenza uhambo lwehlabathi. Wayebandakanyeke kufunda ngokuzimeleyo kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, enomdla kakhulu kwimimandla yayo esemantla. Ngo-1900, uLintu oluDala olunokwenzeka waguqulelwa kwi-Academy yeSayensi. Ngeli xesha, imisebenzi yokuqala yesayensi iqala ukuvela, ngakumbi, inqaku malunga nokuqwalaselwa kwakhe ngaphezulu kwemijelo yolwandle. Kodwa injongo yegosana elincinci ayisiyiyo kuphela i-theoretical, kodwa ikwanophando olusebenzayo - uphupha ukuya kwenye yeendlela zengxondorha.
Umdla kwiimpapasho zakhe, umphandi odumileyo we-Arctic Baron E. V. I-Toll iphakamisa i-kolichak ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kwi-legendary umhlaba webali lembali yaseSannikov. Emva kokukhangela irhafu elahlekileyo, ukwibhombu evela kwi-Schoonete evela kwi "Zarya", emva koko ukutyhoboza kwenja kwenza ukuba utshintsho olunobungozi kwaye lufumana amasalela omvuzo womoya oswelekileyo. Ngeli xesha le phulo liyingozi, uKolchark wayebanda kakhulu kwaye wasinda ngokungummangaliso emva kokuvuma komzimba.
Imfazwe yaseRussia-Japan
Ngo-Matshi 1904, kwangoko emva kokuqala kwemfazwe, ngaphandle kokuphola ngokupheleleyo kwisifo, iKolchark ifezekisiwe kwiPort ePort Arthur. Umyuziyam "unomsindo" phantsi komyalelo wakhe uthathe inxaxheba ekufakweni kweemigodi zomqobo kubunzulu obuyingozi ukusuka kwi-rainage yaseJapan. Ngenxa yezi zenzo zilwa, iinqanawa ezininzi zotshaba zajongwa.
Kwiinyanga nje zakutshanje, wayalela ukuba unxweme lonxweme, olonakalisa umonakalo wotshaba. Ngexesha lokulwa wenzakelekile, emva kokuthabatha inqaba, wabanjwa. Njengomqondiso wokwamkelwa komoya wakhe wemfazwe, umyalelo womkhosi waseJapan washiya isikhango sesixhobo sakhululwa ekuthinjweni. Kubugorha obubonakalisiweyo, wagwetywa:
- Isixhobo saseGeorgiev;
- Ii-odolo zeSt. Anne kunye neSt Stnislav.
Ukulwa ngokutshata i-Foreet
Emva konyango esibhedlele iKolchak ifumana iholide yenyanga ezintandathu. Ngokunyaniseka ukubandakanya ukuphuculwa ngokupheleleyo kwelahleko yemveli kwimfazwe neJapan, ibandakanyeka emsebenzini kwimvuselelo yayo.
NgoJuni 1906, uKolchak wayekhokelwa yiKhomishini kwabasebenzi baselwandle ukucacisa izizathu zokoyisa i-sushim. Njengengcali yasemkhosini, wayehlala esenza iindibano ze-duma ye-duna kunye nesizathu sokwaba inkxaso-mali eyimfuneko.
Iprojekthi yakhe yanikezelwa kubunyani beFondi yaseRussia yaba sisiseko sethiyori sayo yonke inqanawa yaseRussia kwixesha lemfazwe yangaphambi kwemfazwe. Njengenxalenye yokuphunyezwa kwayo kweKolchak ngo-1906-1908. Ngokwakho ngokwakha sakha sakhiwo sezixhobo ezine kunye nabaphula i-Iberhes ezimbini.
Ngegalelo elibonakalayo ekufundeni iRussia North, uBueutenant uKolchak wanyulwa ilungu le-Russian Geographic. Igama lesidlaliso "kolchak-Polar" yafunyanwa.
Kwangelo xesha, uKolChak uyaqhubeka nokusebenza inkqubo yezixhobo zokuhambisa izinto zangaphambili. Ngo-1909, umsebenzi wepakeji ye-ice yaseKara naseSiberia Seas epapashwe ngo-1909 ukwamkelwa njengenyathelo elitsha lokusekwa kwe-boleanography obanzini.
IMfazwe Yehlabathi I
Umyalelo kaKaser wayelungiselela kwi-Blitzkrieg St. Petersburg. UHeinrich Prussia, umphathi wenqanawa yaseJamani, wayebala iintsuku zokuqala zemfazwe ukuba ahambe kwidolophu enkulu kwaye abeke umlilo wakhe wezaqhwithi.
Sitshabalalisile izinto ezibalulekileyo, wacinga ukuba uza kulawula umhlaba, ebamba iPetersburg kwaye aphelise amabango omkhosi waseRussia. Ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi ze-NAPOONIC okuthintele amava obuchule kunye nezenzo ezibalaseleyo zamagosa aseRussia.
Ngenxa yokubana nenani leenqanawa zaseJamani, isicwangciso sokuqala somlo nxamnye notshaba samkelwa njengeqhinga lemfazwe yam. ICandelo leKolchakov sele ihambisile amawaka ama-6 emininzi kwindawo yamanzi ye-gelf ye-filand. Imigodi yemigodi yemigodi iba yinto ethembekileyo yokuzikhusela kwi-capital kunye nezicwangciso ezibi zeFrimi yaseJamani ukubamba iRussia.
Kwixa elizayo, kolchak ngokuzimela izicwangciso zokuguqulela kwizenzo zobundlobongela. Sele ekupheleni kuka-1914, ukusebenza kwenkalipho kwenziwa ngokomgodi nge-dazig bay ngaselunxwemeni lotshaba. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi, imikhosi yeentshaba ezingama-35 zajongwa. Izenzo eziphumelelayo zoboya bezimisele ukukhuthaza kwayo elandelayo.
NgoSeptemba 1915, wanyulwa i-comerr yeqela lam. Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthobha, bathathwe ngumnxibelelanisi onesibindi wokukhwela umhlaba wase-riga bay ukunceda umkhosi wamantla. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngempumelelo ukuba utshaba lwalungaze luqinisekise ukuba ubukho bamaRussia.
NgoJuni 1916, A. kolchark waveliswa yiloli yasebusweni eChin Commzanam-kwintloko yeFleet yoLwandle oMnyama. Kwifoto, iFleet enetalente ifakiwe kwifom ye-parade kunye nayo yonke i-Rakiat Realia.
Ixesha lokuguqula
Emva kohlaziyo lwe-Februwari, uKolchark uthembekile ngokupheleleyo kumlawuli. Ukuva isindululo soomatiloshe oguquko ukuba baphumelele izixhobo, waphosa i-saber ye-saber barboard, exabana nesenzo sakhe ngamazwi: "Kwane-Japaniatia engathanga kum!"Ukufika kwePetrograd, kolchark wabeka ityala kurhulumente wabaphathiswa ngokuwa komkhosi wakhe kunye nelizwe. Emva koko, u-Admiral oyingozi wasuswa kwisalathiso sezopolitiko kwintloko yemishini yase-Allies ukuya eMelika.
NgoDisemba 1917, ubuza urhulumente waseBritain omkhulu ukuba abhalise emkhosini. Nangona kunjalo, imijikelezo ethile sele ibheja kwi-kolchak njengenkokeli yegunya elinamandla okufumana ukuhlanganisana nomzabalazo wenkululeko.
Kumazantsi eRussia, umkhosi wokuzithandela osebenza, eSiberia nasempumalanga babenoorhulumente abasasazeke. Imanyane ngoSeptemba 1918, badala ulawulo, ukungangqinelani kokuphefumla okuphezulu ngamagosa amakhulu kunye nezangqa zeshishini. Bafuna "isandla esomeleleyo" kwaye, ukuba benze i-coup emhlophe, banikwa i-kolchak ukuba bathathe isihloko soMlawuli oMkhulu waseRussia.
Iinjongo zeKolchakovsky Urhulumente
Ezopolitiko zaselwandle yayikukubuyiselwa kwezixhobo zoBukhosi baseRussia. Onke amaqela agqwethekileyo ayenqatshelwe yimithetho yayo. Urhulumente waseSiberia wayefuna ukufezekisa uxolelwaniso lwawo onke amaqela abemi kunye namaqela, ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-radicals yasekhohlo nasekunene. Utshintsho loqoqosho lwalungiswa, lubandakanya ukudalwa kwesiseko semizi-mveliso eSiberia.
Olona moya uphakamileyo womkhosi kaKolchark wakwazi ukufezekisa kwintwasahlobo yowe-1919, xa wayethabatha umhlaba we-urals. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwempumelelo, uthotho lokusilela, olubangelwa linani lezinto ezigwenxa, yaqala:
- ukungakwazi ukungasebenzi kwe-kolchak kwiingxaki zolawulo lukarhulumente;
- ukwala ukusombulula umcimbi wezolimo;
- I-Treatison kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-sice;
- ukungavisisani kwezopolitiko kunye nabantu.
NgoNovemba 1919, uKolchark wanyanzeleka ukuba ahambe u-Omsk; NgoJanuwari 1920, uDenikin wanika amandla akhe. Ngenxa yokungcatselwa kwengca ye-Czech Czech Corps, watshintshelwa ezandleni zeBolsheshevikov i-IRSHECE.
Ukusweleka kwe-admiral kolchak
Isiphelo somntu onembali siphelile ngokuhlwaywa. Unobangela wokufa, abanye ababhali-mbali babiza umqondiso wobuqu obwufihlakeleyo ngu-Lenin, owayehamba nenkululeko yakhe ngokuvalelwa kwi-Kincpel. A. V. Kolchark yayidutyulwe nge-7 kaFebruwari ngoFebruwari 7, 1920 eIrkutsk.Kwinkulungwane yama-21, uvavanyo olubi lobuntu lwe-kolchark yahlaziywa. Igama lakhe alifikanga kwiindawo zeSikhumbuzo, amatye ezikhumbuzo, kwiifilimu zemifanekiso.
Ubomi Buqu
Inkosikazi kaKolchak, uSophia Omirova, indoda enobuchule. Ngenxa yokunyuka okukhohliweyo, kangangeminyaka eliqela kulindelwe ngumyeni wakhe. Umtshato wabo wenzeka ngo-Matshi 1904 kwitempile yaseIrkutsk.
Abathathu abantwana bazalwa emtshatweni:
- Intombi yokuqala ezalwa ngo-1905 yafa kwasebusaneni.
- Unyana Rostislav, 03.03.1910.
- Intombi kaMargarita, ezalelwe ngo-1912, yafa eneminyaka emibini ubudala.
USofia Omirova ngo-1919 ngoncedo lwamayeza aseBritane, kunye nonyana wakhe, wafudukela eConstasta, kwaye kamva eParis. Wasweleka ngo-1956, wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni aseRussia.
Unyana Rostislav - Umsebenzi weBhanki ka-Algeria, ethathe inxaxheba kwiimfazwe kunye namaJamani ecaleni komkhosi waseFrance. Wasweleka ngo-1965. Umzukulwana weKolchak - Alexander, owazalwa ngo-1933, uhlala eParis.
Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bomfazi ongempela kaKolchak yayinguThando lwaKho lokugqibela uAnna Timeirev. Ukwazi kunye no-Admiral kwenzeka ngo-1915 kwi-Helfulfors, apho kuye kwakho nomyeni wakhe, igosa lasemanzini. Emva koqhawulo mtshato ngo-1918 kwalandela i-admiral. Wabanjwa ngoKolchak, kwaye emva kokubulawa kwakhe echithe phantse iminyaka engama-30 kwiingcaciso ezahlukeneyo nakwiintolongo. Yavulwa ngokutsha, yasweleka ngo-1975 eMoscow.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- UAlexander Kolchak wabhaptizwa kwiCawe kaBathathu Emnye, eyaziwayo namhlanje ebizwa ngokuba yiKulich ne-Ista.
- Ngexesha elinye lohambo lwepolar, uKolchak wabiza eso siqithi izukisa igama lomtshakazi wakhe, owayemlindile kwikomkhulu. Eli gama ligama le-Cape Sobya lisindisa kwixesha lethu.
- A. v. I-kolchark yaba sesine kwimbali yi-polar navigator, ofumene imbasa ephezulu yoluntu - i-Konstantinov imbasa. Phambi kwakhe, inkulu yase-F. Nasen, N. NORDENCHCEL, N. YARGENTS wayezukisiwe.
- Amakhadi asetyenziswa nguKolchark ngabahambisi baseSoviet kude kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1950.
- Phambi kokuba ukusweleka kukaKolchak akwamkeli na ukumbonwa amehlo akhe. Wazisa icuba lakhe kumphathi womgwebi we-HCC.