Biography
UDenikin Anton Ivanovich wazalwa nge-16 kaDisemba ngo-1872 kwi-Wloclawek, eyadweliswa ngezo ntsuku kwimo yendawo yeWarsaw kwiPhondo loBukhosi baseWarsaw kwiPhondo. Njengoko ababhali-mbali baqatshelwe, le mbali yexesha elizayo enobuKomanisi yayinemvelaphi "yobungqina" kunalowo emva koko bazibiza ngokuba "ziinkokeli zentetho."
U-Ivan Efimovich, utata ka-Anton Denikin, kanye yayingumntu weseshoni. Ngexesha lobutsha bakhe, u-Ivan Denikin wanikwa ukuqeshwa, kwaye kwiminyaka engama-22 yenkonzo ethembekileyo, wakwazi ukufumana imeko yegosa. Kodwa ngaloo nto, umlingani wangaphambili akazange abeke umda: Wahlala kwinkonzo kwaye wakha umsebenzi ophumeleleyo emkhosini, ngenxa yokuba kamva wangumzekelo woNyana wakhe. U-Ivan Efimovich ushiyekile ngokurhoxa ngo-1869, wakhonza iminyaka engama-35 kwaye wafikelela kwinqanaba likaMayrian.
U-Elizabeth Francisovna Vrzezanzinskaya, umama wenkokeli yexesha elizayo, wenzeka kusapho lwabanini bomhlaba ohlwempuzekileyo, ekuchitheni umhlaba omncinci kunye nabalingane.
U-Anton Ivanovich wakhulela e-Orthodoxy engqongqo kwaye wabhaptizwa eneminyaka engaphantsi kwenyanga evela entsatsheni, kuba utata wakhe wayengumntu okholwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha inkwenkwe ityelele kwaye icawe kunye nomama Katolika. Ukhule kwaye wakhula ngeminyaka: Sele efunda iminyaka emine ubudala efunda, wayethetha ngokugqibeleleyo ngesiRashiya kuphela, kodwa nakwiPolish. Ke ngoko, emva koko, akazange enze ubunzima ukungena esikolweni se-WLOCLAW, kwaye kamva - kumgangatho osebenza naye.
Nangona utata ka-Anton wayekweloo phephe iGosa elihlonelwe ngedlwengulo, i-Devikiny yayihlwempuzekile: Umama, uTata, uTata kunye nelona nani linetyala le-rubred ngenyanga. Kwaye ngo-1885, uIvan Efimovich wasweleka, kwaye ngemali, uAnton nonina baba bubi kakhulu. Ke iDenikin Jr. Ukuthatha ukufundisa, kwaye eneminyaka eyi-15 yafumana umfundi ngenyanga njengomfundi ophumeleleyo kwaye onesidima.
Ukuqala komkhosi
Intsapho, njengoko sele ikhankanyiwe, yayikhonza i-Anton Denikin ngumthombo wokuphefumlelwa: Ukusukela esemncinci wayephupha ngomsebenzi wasemkhosini (njengotata wakhe, kunye nomntu oswelekileyo). Ke ngoko, emva kokugqitywa koqeqesho kwisikolo esinekratshi, umfana akazange acinge ngempumelelo yakhe yexesha elizayo, abhalise ngempumelelo kwisikolo saseKieV, kwaye emva koko i-Irisrial Nikolaev ye-Aptial Africa.
Usebenze kumaqela kunye noQuqhiyo, wathatha inxaxheba kwiMfazwe yaseJapan-yaseJapan, esebenza kubasebenzi abaqhelekileyo, yayingumphathi weshumi elinesixhenxe i-Internantyaborod. Ngo-1914, uAnton Denikin wafumana isihloko sobuchwephesha besithili saseKiev, kwaye kwakamsinya nje emva koko wasiwa kwisihloko sesihloko esikhulu.
Izimvo zepolitiki
U-Anton Ivanovich wayeyindoda elandela ubomi bezopolitiko kwilizwe liphela. Wayeyinkxaso yenkululeko yaseRussia, wayethetha ngokuguqula umkhosi, ngokuchasene neBureaucray. Ukususela esiphelweni senkulungwane ye-19, uDenikin akazange apapashe isibonakaliso sakhe kwiijenali zasemzini nakumaphephandaba. Owona mjikelezo udumileyo wamanqaku akhe "Amanqaku omkhosi abhala athi" ishicilelwe kwijenali ebizwa ngokuba yi "Scout".
Njengakwimeko yeMfazwe yaseRussia-yaseJapan, kwangoko emva kokuqala kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, u-Anton Ivanovich wafaka ingxelo, emcela ukuba ayimisele kwinkqubo. Elesine leloriyeli "loomboli yentsimbi", umphathi waso yayiyi-denikin, alwa ezona ndawo ziyingozi kwaye waphinda wabonisa isibindi nesibindi. UAnton Denikin ngokwakhe kule minyaka yeMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuqala yafumana amabhaso amaninzi: i-odolo yeSt George, izixhobo zeSt George. Ukongeza, ukuze ibhokhwe kwindawo yotshaba ngexesha lokukhubeka komzantsi-wentshona kunye nokuvalwa ngempumelelo kwe-Lutsk, wafumana isihloko se-liutenant jikelele.
Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi emva kohlaziyo lukaFebruwari
Ngexesha lenguqu ngoFebruwari ngo-1917, u-Anton Ivanovich wayehlala kwi-Romania ngaphambili. Uxhase i-coup efezekisiweyo kwaye, ngokuchasene nolwazi lwakhe lokufunda nokubhala nolwazi lwezopolitiko, kwaye ukholelwa kumahlebezi angabantu abangatshatanga awaziwa nguNicolae II kunye nosapho lonke lasebukhosini. Kangangexesha elithile, uDenikin wasebenza njengekomkhulu nguMikhail Alexeyev, ngubani nje emva kokuba uPhuqunyiweyo lonyulwa umphathi-makhosi oPhakamileyo.
Xa uAlekseev watshintshelwa kwiposi kwaye wathatyathwa i-Brusilov Jasilov, u-Anton Denakin wala isikhundla sakhe waza wathabatha isikhundla somphathi weNtshona. Kwaye ukuphela kuka-Agasti ka-1917, uBueutenant-Jikelele wayekrelekrele ekuvezeni inkxaso kwinkxaso ye-jikelele i-jikelele i-jikelele, ekuthumela i-telegraph efanelekileyo kurhulumente wexeshana. Ngenxa yoku, u-Anton Ivanovich kwafuneka achithe inyanga e-Berishev ejele ngolindelo olubulalekayo.
Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, iDenikin kunye nezinye ii-jikelele zatshintshelwa kwiBerdicheva ukuya kwi-Bykhiv, apho elinye iqela lemibutho yomkhosi omkhulu obanjiweyo (kubandakanywa khona i-Kornilov). Kwi-Byokhovsayaya e-Bykovskaya, uAnton Ivanovich uhlala kude kube nge-2 kaDisemba, ngo-1917, xa urhulumente weBolshevik, ukuwa kukarhulumente wexeshana, okwethutyana elilibale malunga nee-geness ezibanjiweyo. Ngokunika indevu kunye nokutshintsha igama nefani, uDenikin waya e-novocherkaski.
Ukusekwa nokusebenza komkhosi wamavolontiya
U-Anton Ivanovich Denikin uthathe inxaxheba ekuyilweni komkhosi wokuzithandela, uyayilungisa iimbambano phakathi kweCornilov nase-Alekseev. Wasamkela izigqibo ezibalulekileyo, waba ngumphathi-ngaphakathi kwi-Iner Prives kumakhankaso okuqala nawesibini, ekugqibeleni esikhuthazayo ukuze akwazi ukujongana nabasemagunyeni bobshevik.
Embindini wowe-1919, imikhosi yeDenikin yayilwa ngempumelelo neendlela zokutshata ukuba uAnton Ivanovich wafumana iphulo leMoscow. Nangona kunjalo, esi sicwangciso sasingamiselwanga ukuba sizaliseke: Amandla omkhosi wamavolontiya awujongile ukunqongophala kwenkqubo yonke, eya kuba nomtsalane kubahlali abaninzi baseRussia, ukuchuma kwenkohliso ngasemva, kwaye nkqu nenguqu ye Inxalenye yomkhosi omhlophe wabaphangi kunye neebhendi.
Ekupheleni kuka-1919, imikhosi yaseDenikin yarhoxisa ngempumelelo i-ukhozi kwaye yayikwindlela yeTula, apho ibe yimpumelelo ngakumbi kolunye uhlobo lwendlela yokulwa i-anti-bolsheshevik. Kodwa iintsuku zomkhosi wamavolontiya zaqwalaselwa: Ngentwasahlobo ye-1920, imikhosi yayicinezelwa phaya kunxweme lolwandle eNovorolsiysk kwaye, uninzi lwabathinjiweyo. Imfazwe yamakhaya yalahleka, kwaye uDenikin ngokwakhe wabhengeza ukurhoxa kwakhe washiya ilizwe lakhe lobuzwe ngonaphakade.
Ubomi Buqu
Emva kokubaleka eRussia, u-Anton Ivanovich wayehlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo eYurophu, kwaye kwakamsinya emva kokuba ukugqitywa kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi ukuya eUnited States, apho wasweleka khona ngo-1947. Intsapho yakhe: Umfazi othembekileyo kaKsenia Chiz, aphinda azame ukuqhelisela ikamva, intombi kaMarina, eyayithathe inxaxheba kuye. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iifoto ezininzi zesibini esifudukayo kunye neentombi zabo phesheya ziyagcinwa, ngakumbi eParis nezinye izixeko zaseFrance. Nangona iDenikin yayifuna ukuzalwa ngabantwana, iqabane lakhe alikwazanga ukuzala ngaphezulu emva kokuzalwa kakhulu.
Ukufuduka, i-alutenant yobuqhetseba-jikelele iyaqhubeka nokubhalela imixholo yezopolitiko. Kubandakanya eParis ephantsi kwentsiba yakhe, iingcali zanamhlanje ezaziwayo "zeYunivesithi yaseRussia", ayisiyiyo kuphela iinkumbulo zeDenikin, kodwa nako ngolwazi kumaxwebhu asemthethweni. Kwiminyaka embalwa emva koko, u-Anton Ivanovich wabhala umdibaniso kunye nentshayelelo "kwi" Isincoko "- incwadi ethi" Indlela "yegosa laseRussia".