Biography
I-Peter Peter Nikolaevich - i-White Genet, igama elibizwa ngokuba yiBharon emnyama, umphathi womkhosi oxhobileyo wamazantsi eRussia nomkhosi waseRussia. Isibindi, ukukhula, ukukhula okuphezulu, kwi-chekyskm emnyama nebhekile, wasothuswa kwiintshaba.
UPeter Nikolaevich wazalwa nge-15 ka-Agasti, 1878 KwiPhondo laseNovoalselarvrovsk, kwiPhondo laseKoveni (Okwangoku iZarasai, Lithuania) kusapho lwamaBhaltic German.
Oomanyana bakhe baseSaxon esezantsi baphila e-Estonia ukusuka kwi-Xiii yenkulungwane. Kwi-XI-XVIIIiI yeenkulungwane ezidlulileyo, amasebe ezi fani zalungiswa ePrussia, eSweden naseRussia, emva kwe-1920 - e-Erance, eUnited States kunye neBelgium.
Kusapho lweenkulungwane ezimbalwa yayiziideni ezidumileyo, zazingamahashe adumileyo, iinkokheli zomkhosi kunye nabaphandi bePolar. Utata kaPeter Nikolavich akazange aye emanyathelweni oonyano oludumileyo aze akhethe enye indlela. Wayephupha ngekamva neyakho noNyana wakhe, obabuntwana bakhe nolutsha olugcinwe eRostov-on-don.
Iinyani ezinomdla malunga ne-rangegel
- Ivela kumntu onesidima. I-pedigree yookhokho bayo ibuyela kwi-Xiii yenkulungwane. Imotto yohlobo yayisithi: "Loom, kodwa awuyi kugoba" ("uFrangas, ungekhoyo").
- Eludongeni lukaKristu lukaKristu, uMsindisi uMsindisi, igama lomnye looyihlo liswele emfazweni othandabuzayo lowe-1812 laqhubeka.
- Igama lookhokho (F.P.PUL) ubizwa ngokuba sisiqithi kuLwandle lweArctic.
- Utata wakhe wayengumbhali, umbhali-mbali no-Antiquara, umama wayengumsebenzi wemyuziyam.
I-biography emfutshane yesongelo kwimfazwe yamakhaya
Ngo-1900, i-rangel yaphumelela ukuqeqesha kwiziko lentaba eSt. Petersburg, ifumene injineli yedigloma kunye nembasa yegolide. Ngo-1901 ubizelwe ukuya emkhosini. Le nkonzo yenzeka ebomini behlala yisherifu yehashe kwimeko yesimo esomeleleyo. Yenza imisebenzi yegosa lezabelo ezikhethekileyo phantsi kweRhuluneli-Jikelele yeIrkutsk.
Ukurhoxa kuya kwinqanaba le-connet. Ngo-1902 ingena kwisikolo saseNikolaev Cavalry School eSt. Petersburg. Ukuze sibe nesibindi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe kwiMfazwe yaseRussia yeRussia yowe-1904-1905, inikezelwa ngu-Anninsky isixhobo. Ngo-1907, bamela umlawuli kwaye baguqulele kwi-reaging yemvelo. Ukuqhubeka koqeqesho kwi-Nikolaev Guardy kwaye ngo-1910 wayigqiba.
Ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, wayesele eyi-rothmistrome yomgcini wamahashe. Kwimfazwe yokuqala, yahlulahlula ukuba nge-23 ka-Agasti, kuhlaselo oluvuthayo, ibhetri yaseJamani yafakwa phantsi kweCausa. Phakathi kwamagosa okuqala anikezelwa i-odolo ye-St. George 4 Degrees, kwaye nge-12 ka-Oktobha, 19, 1914 ifumana itayitile yekolonel.
Ekuseni, ngo-1915 uthunyelwa kumzantsi-ntshona ngaphambili ngumphathi we-1st ye-nerchinsky ye-1st ye-nerchinsky ye-triikal cossacks. NgokweSitesti senkonzo, i-rabngel yaphuma ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ifanelwe. Rhoqo, noMxolelene wakhe waba nguNicholas II, bachitha nabo ixesha elide ngemixholo enomdla.
Ngokungafaniyo noDenikina, uKsornilov kunye noogxa abaninzi, i-Stongel ayizange ixhase utshintsho lomhla woMbuso kunye noRhulumente wexeshana. Kukholelwa ukuba imimiselo yotshintsho kunye neentshukumo zikarhulumente ziyijongela phantsi isiseko somkhosi. Wabamba isikhundla esingabalulekanga kwaye waba ngumntu wangaphandle kulo mzabalazo wezopolitiko.
Ukulwa uqeqesho kunye neekomiti zejoni elinyulwe. Ndizamile ukungqina ukuba ukurekhoda kukaNicholas II kuya kubandakanya imeko kweli lizwe. UKerensky wayefuna ukumtsalela ekukhuseleni ipetrotrograd, kodwa warhoxa. Emva kovukelo, uRengel Aunstes nosapho lwakhe, ngelo xesha bahlala kwi-proata.
Udabi lasekuhlaleni
NgoFebruwari 1918, iBaron ibanjiwe ngabalandeli bezithuthi zaselwandle ezimnyama. Ukusuka ekudubeni akusindisa umfazi wakhe. Ngexesha lokuhlala kwe-ukraine, imikhosi yaseJamani eKiev ibambe intlanganiso yesothungoka, kunye neHetman yaseSopadian, ababesebenza nabo ngaphambili.
UPeter Nikolaevich waphoxeka ngezizwe ezingamatyala eUkraine ojikeleze i-Scorpin, kunye nokuxhomekeka kwakhe kumaJamani. Uya eKuban aze ahlambe iDenikin Jenikin ngokubanzi, omqeqesha ukuba anciphise i-Cossack ye-Cossack enemvukelo. Isothungheli ayiziphendulanga nje iimpepha, kodwa idale neqela ngokuqeqeshwa.
Ebusika, 1918-1919, ubiza umkhosi womkhosi waseCaucasi, kuthatha iphuli yaseKuban neTerek, iRostov-kwi-On-Don, ngoJuni 1919 ii-Tsaritn. Isomeleza uloyiso siqinisekisa italente yakhe. Xa ubugqwetha, ubundlongondlongo bungafikeleleki kwiimeko ezinjalo, bohlwaywe kakhulu ngenxa yokuphanga nokuphanga. Kwangelo xesha, amajoni ayehlonitshwa kakhulu.
Ngehlobo lowe-1919, umkhosi othathu kaDenikin wafudukela eMoscow, omnye wabo wayeyalelwe ngentlangco. Umkhosi wakhe wawela uNizhny Novgorod noSaratov, kodwa xa kuthatha i-Tsaritsn yelahleko enkulu. Isicwangciso se-Denikina Parangel sigxunyekile kwaye simjonga njengokulahleka. Wayeqinisekile ukuba uhlaselo lweMoscow kwafuneka ukuba lubanjelwe ngaphambili.
Ngenxa yoko, imikhosi yaphukile ngumkhosi obomvu. Ukuthintela intlekele, i-rangel yathunyelwa eKharkov, kodwa yafika kuphela apho waqinisekisa ukuba umkhosi omhlophe utshatyalalisiwe. Umzamo wokwenza iyelenqe ngokuchasene neDenikin isilele, kwaye waphinda wabhalwa eKuban.
Traffic emhlophe
Ngo-Matshi 1920, umkhosi omhlophe unelahleko entsha, ngenxa yoko ebekwazi ukuwela i-crista. I-Denikin yatyholwa ngokuloyiswa. Ngo-Epreli, emva kokurhoxa, i-rabling iba yiKomiti eyiNtloko entsha. "Umkhosi waseRussia" - igama elinjalo lafunyanwa ngamandla amhlophe aqhubeka nomzabalazo nxamnye ne-bolsheviks.
Isothungheli ijonge kungekuphela nje iingxaki zomkhosi, kodwa nezopolitiko. Urhulumente we-rovibriphan wexeshana wadalwa eCrimea ukuba angabandakanyeki abantu baphoxekile kwi-bolsheviks. Inkqubo yezopolitiko yeraltyhel iquka amatyala oMhlaba, emele ukuba yeyabantu kwaye inike ingqesho isebenza kubemi.
Ngelo xesha, intshukumo emhlophe yayingasaxhaswanga yiBritane, kodwa i-rangish iqhubela phambili ngokuhlengahlengiswa komkhosi, obhenela malunga nama-25 amajoni amawaka. Wayenethemba lokuba imfazwe yeBhunga leBhunga lePilsh, ifungi amandla ebomvu, kwaye wayenokusomeleza isikhundla sakhe kwi-prona, emva koko, ukuqala ukuvuma.
Ukuhlaselwa kwebomvu nge-13 ka-Epreli kwi-Perekop i-Isthmus yadalwa ngokulula. Isothungheli saya kuhlaselo, safikelela eMelitopol kwaye samba umhlaba osondele kwiPeninsula ivela emantla. NgoJulayi, ukuqalisa okutsha kweBolsheviks kubonakalisiwe, kodwa ngoSeptemba, emva kokuphela kwemfazwe nePoland, amaKomanisi athumela ukuqiniswa kwe-crinta.
Ukoyisa kunye nokukhutshelwa
Inani lamajoni omkhosi obomvu ayengama-100 amawaka eeyunithi kunye namawaka angama-3300 eeyunithi ze-cavalidry. Imikhosi ye-bolsheviks izihlandlo ezine ngaphezulu kwe-Whites zabanye. Kwakufuneka ndibuye kwikhusi likaPerekop. Ilinge lokuqala lokuqhekeka elibomvu lamiswa, kodwa i-Grangile yaqonda ukuba kuya kuphinda iqhubeke. Kwagqitywa ekubeni lilungiselele ukufuduswa.
Ngeenyanga ezisixhenxe, isangqa-jikali ngokubanzi sasisentlokweni ye-procasa - i-ottop yokugqibela yelizwe laseRussia, ingena kwi-bolsheviks. NgoNovemba 7, 1920 imikhosi phantsi komyalelo we-surchu waqhekeka kwi-crisa. Inani labantu baseburhulumenteni lakhutshwa phantsi kwesikhuselo sokuzikhusela kwi-perk. Ngelixa intloko yotshaba ixhase imikhosi ye-jikelele ye-jikelele i-Kuttov, i-Srangel yabandakanyeka ekukhutshelweni kwabemi. Kwiindawo ezintlanu zolwandle ezimnyama, ukufika komhlaba kwacwangciswa kwiinqanawa ezili-126.
Kwiintsuku ezintathu, abantu abangama-146 amawaka abantu bafuduswa, apho amawaka angama-70 amajoni. Ukunceda ababaleki abaya eTurkey, iYugoslavia, iBulgaria, iGrisi kunye neRomania, yathunyelwa kwi-Franch Right "Valdek-Rousseau". UPeter Nikolayevich wayeseIstanbul, emva koko wahlala eBelgrade. Ukhokelele intshukumo emhlophe yabafuduki, ngo-1924 wanqanda ubunkokeli, adlula kwiPrince enkulu uNikolai Nikolayevich.
Ubomi Buqu
NgoAgasti 1907, i-rangel maries u-Alga Mikhailovna ivanheto - intombi yegumbi kunye nee-cleillas zeyadi. Umfazi uhamba naye ngaphambili, esebenza udade wenceba. Ngo-1914, sele wayenabantwana abathathu, kamva wazalwa eyesine. Abantwana uPeter Nikolayevich no-Olga Mikhailovna - Elena, Natalia, uPeter no-Alexey. Umfazi wasinda kumyeni wakhe iminyaka engama-40 kwaye wasweleka ngo-1968 eNew York.
Ukufa
UPeter Nikolayevich wasweleka nge-25 ka-Epreli, ngo-1928 eBrussels esivela kusulelo lwesifo sephepha. Intsapho yayikholelwa ukuba unetyhefu yiarhente yemfihlo ye-GPU. Ngo-Okthobha 6, 1929 umzimba wakhe wamohlwaya eBelgrade kwiCawe yoButhathu kaBathathu Emnye. Emva kwakhe, iifoto, amanqaku, iimemo kunye neenkumbulo, iingcambu ezinokuthi zifumaneke kwimisebenzi yababhali-mbali kunye nabagcini bebhayoloji.