Biography
I-Konstantin Sergeevich Statislavsky ngumdlali weqonga, uMlawuli, uMfundisi wethiyetha, uMda wethiyetha ogama lingu-K.i.islavsky kunye ne-v.i. danisvich-danchenko).
I-Konstantin senstantin ye-Sergeeevich Alekseev Intsapho kaKonstantan yayiyindlu ekufuphi nesango eliPhambili, kwaye akukho namnye kwizalamane zakhe ngaphandle konyokho ngoomama bengakhange bananise nethiyetha. Utat'omkhulu Marie Varley kwi-Snane yoLutsha kwiParis Snaps kwindima yengozi.
Omnye umlingane kaTatomkhulu wayengumrhwebi osisityebi weMoscow, enye yayingumzi-mveliso ekwenzeni amalungiselelo. Ishishini losapho litshintshelwe kuTata - i-sergey vladimirovich alekseev. UKonstantin Sergeeevich wayefanele ukuba abe ngumhlambi olandelayo.
Entsatsheni, ukongeza eConstantine, bekukho abantwana abalithoba. Abazali bahlawule ixesha elininzi lokukhuliswa kunye nokufunda ngabantwana: ootitshala abangenayo kumculo, umdaniso, ulwimi lwasemzini, uxeliso, uncwadi lwalubandakanyeke ebantwaneni. Kwifashoni yelo xesha le-Alekseev, i-Alekseur ithiye yethiyetha yacwangciswa.
Ukudlala apho abadlali abaqeqeshiweyo bahlala bethatha inxaxheba kwaye nabahlobo babanjwe kwisangqa esimxinwa kwezihlobo kunye neendwendwe. Ehlotyeni, wonke uMbutho wafudukela kwintanda kwi-Kyazma River, apho kwalungiswa khona ibala lemithi yasekhaya, ligama lingu-Alekseevsky.
Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, uKetay omncinci waba nenxaxheba kwenye yeentsapho ezenziwa yintsapho eneminyaka eyi-4, ke loo ntsebenzo yasisigxina. Inkwenkwe, ivela kwindalo yendalo kwaye ibuthathaka, ibonise italente engalunganga eHymogram, ukuba abazali bakhuthazwe ngeendlela zonke, kodwa njengabathanda. Umsebenzi wokwenene "wokuqina" wayelindelwe yi-Konsstantin kumzi-mzi-mzi-mzi-mveliso we-thawskaya katata katata njengomlawuli.
Iminyaka emithathu ubudala, inkwenkwe yafunda kwindawo yokuzivocavoca kwiziko leelwimi zaseMpuma (ezenziwa emva koko zagqitywa ngempumelelo ngo-1881), emva koko waphosa abazali bakhe ukuba bayithathele ekhaya.
Zonke iingxelo ze-Alekseevsky Mug ukusuka kwi-1877 ukuya kwi-1888 yenziwa kwinyathelo leKonstantin yase-Konstantin. Wayekhuthazekile, i-satirite kunye nomnye wabadlali be-amateur bey.
Ukuphelisa iZiko leLazarevian, uKonstantin Alekseev waqala kwinkonzo kumzi-mveliso katata, ethatha isikhundla somlawuli. Emva kwemini, wadibana kwimicimbi, kwaye wafumana ingqalelo eninzi kwicala lobuchwephesha lombuzo (waya kwelinye ilizwe, wazisa amathuba okuphuhlisa ishishini kwaye wazisa itekhnoloji yeshishini), kodwa akazange ashiye iingcinga malunga Ithiyetha.
I-MCAT kunye noMlawuli
Ngo-1888, uStanislavsky onesifo se-Federitzhevsky kunye noFeddor Synogub ulungiselele uMbutho weMoscow of Art Soscow of Art Soscow of Art Art Arhente of Art Art Arhente of Art Art Arhente of'user.
Iminyaka elishumi yemisebenzi yenkampani, uStanislavy wadala uninzi lwabalinganiswa abaqaqambileyo, ethatha inxaxheba kwintsebenzo "ye-bitter Judine", "ukuzinika iziqhamo", "iziqhamo zolwazi", ". Italente yakhe yokuthatha kwabaphulaphuli kunye nabagxeki abadumileyo. Ukususela ngo-1891, umsebenzi weStanislavsky kwi-moil sele ugqitywe kungekuphela kwinxaxheba yobuqu kwimveliso, uthathe ubunkokeli bomlawuli.
Ukuba ngumlawuli woluntu, uKonstantin Sergeeevich Beka ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- "(1895);
- "Othello" (1896);
- "Ingxolo enkulu ngaphandle kwento" (1897);
- "Ubusuku beshumi elinambini" (1897);
- "UmYuda wasePoland" (1896);
- Msgstr "" "Intsimbi ebizwa ngokuba yiPoll" (1898).
Ngo-1898, intlanganiso yeStanislavsky kunye neNemirovich-dancnko yenzekile. Iiyure ezili-18 abasunguli beSikolo seMidlalo yeqonga le-Clasthi abaxoxa ngayo le projekthi ukwenza i-Moscow yethiyetha. Ukuqulunqwa kokuqala komzimba we-leendary Mkat Owers Area Oashini kubafundi babo, amalungu eMoiwan kunye nabaphulaphuli beMoscow Philfmonic.
Ithiyetha entsha ixhaswe ngumdlalo "Tsar Fedor Ionynovich", kodwa "uSeagill" kaKokhov, ongeniswe kwinkundla yababukeli ngo-1898, waba ngumsitho wokwenene. Emva koko, i-silhouette ye-Seagull yaba luphawu lwemidlalo yeqonga kwaye ihleli ihleli nanamhlanje, kwaye no-Antovich, iStanislavsky yayinobudlelwane obudibeneyo ngokusekwe kwinkqubo yokudibanisa.
UKonstantin Sergeeevich uhlawule ixesha elininzi lokukhuliswa kwabadlali abancinci, i-theoretical kunye nenkqubo yakhe yenkqubo yakhe, kwaye ungayihloneli ngokupheleleyo amava abanye abantu, kwangaxeshanye bazama ukunika Umbukeli weengcinga eziphambili zomdlalo.
Ngo-1912, i-studio yokuqala yavulwa kwi-mit, apho uStanislavsky wafundisa abafundi bezakhono zokusebenza. Ngo-1918, wadala i-Opera Studio kwi-Bolshoi Theatre.
Ngo-1922-1923, uStanislavsky kunye nombhobho ophambili, i-MKat ikhuselekile eUnited States. Kwangelo xesha, waqalisa ukubhala ezincwadi zokuqala ngenkqubo "yobomi bam kwi-ART" yaphuhliswa nguye.
Ngaphandle kotshintsho lwekhadinali kwilizwe nakuluntu, nakwimeko yentlalo kunye nemvelaphi yoMlawuli, ukusuka kurhulumente waseStanit, imisebenzi yaseStanislavsky ifumene inkxaso eshushu kwaye ivunywa. UJoseph Stalin ngokwakhe wayedla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-MKIT, ngubani ngelo xesha emva koko wafumana imeko yelizwe, ilingane nenqanaba elikhulu nelincinci.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Konstantin Sergeeevich yayitshatile kanye eMaria Petrovna Lilina (i-cecy pseudugomm), i-nee yamatye. Esi sibini sahlala kunye de kwabulawa ukubulawa kukaStanislavsky.
Amaqabane ayenabantwana abathathu. Intombi kaKenia yasweleka ngo-1890 kwasebusaneni, kwiPnemonia. Intombi yesibini uKira Alekseeva yayinguMlawuli wendlu yezindlu yeStanislavsky. Umntwana wesithathu, unyana ka-Igor Alekseev, wayetshatile nomzukulwana wengonyama uTolstoy.
Ukufa
Ngo-1928, kwisikhumbuzo ngokuhlwa kwe-mkat, uKonstantin Sergeyevich, owayedlalela umdlalo, wenziwe sisifo sentliziyo. Emva koko, ogqirha bavale ukuvinjwa kweStanislavsky ukuba benze kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye wanikwa ngokupheleleyo uMlawuli kunye nemisebenzi ye-Pedagogical.
Ngo-1938 incwadi yakhe ethi "Umsebenzi weTheringi phezu kwakhe" wakhululwa, esele ehambisekile. Umlawuli weminyaka elishumi walwa nesifo kwaye wasebenza, ukoyisa iintlungu. UKonstantin Sergeeevich uhambile nge-7 Agasti, 1938.
UStanislavsky unamabhaso amaninzi, kodwa ukuqaqamba kweyona ndlela inkulu malunga netalente yakhe ibonisa imisebenzi yentengiso, eyayingeyiyo enye yabalawuli kunye nabadlali. Phakathi kwabo, le midlalo ilandelayo:
- "UMalume ivan";
- "Oodade abathathu";
- "Isherry orchard";
- "Emazantsi";
- "Intaka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka";
- "UGqr Shtokman";
- "Thabatha engqondweni";
- "Inyanga elalini";
- I-Mozart neSalieri ";
- "UMphicothi zincwadi";
- "Usuku lwe-DUB, okanye uMtshato Prayima";
- "Iintsuku zeTurbine" kunye nabanye.
Iinyani ezinomdla kunye neekowuti
- UStanislavsky wayenonyana oxhwayo, wazalwa intsapho eyazalwa nguyise womlawuli, uVladimir Sergeevich Sergeev, Pesisser Msu, umbhali-mbali.
- UStanislavsky akakwazanga ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo i-hierarchy ye-Eechelons ephezulu ye-Eeriet, kwaye ke imeko ehlekisayo iyaziwa. UStanislavsky wayehleli eMkate kwibhedi enye nge-stalin. Inkokeli yabuza: "Kutheni le nto singabonakali kwi-themba le" ntsuku le-Bulgakov? ". UStanislavsky wachitha izandla, ebeka umnwe kwimilebe yakhe, wathi "TS-S-C!", Kwaye wahlelela "utata wezisililo:" Banqatshelwe! Yimfihlakalo kuphela! " Ukuxuba, uStalin waqiniseka ukuba: "Baza kuvunyelwa! Masenze! "
- Ukuba intsingiselo yethiyetha yayikumbonakaliso wokuzonwabisa, kwaye ayiyi kufaneleka ukuba ibeka umsebenzi omkhulu kuyo. Kodwa inkunzi yethiyetha bubugcisa bokubonakalisa ubomi. "
- "Umlingisi kufuneka afunde ukuba nzima ukwenza isiqhelo, esiqhelekileyo esiqhelekileyo kwaye sikhazimla."
- "Intando ayinamandla ade iphefumlelwe ngumnqweno."