Biography
I-Napoleon Bonaparte yayingumphathi oqaqambileyo, i-gopplomat, enesidima esihle kakhulu, imemori ye-phenomenia kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. La maxesha onke lithiywa emva kwakhe, kuye kwathi gqi ngaphezu kwakhe uninzi lwabantwana ababephila. Izicwangciso-ntsapho zakhe zomkhosi zikwiincwadi zesikhokelo, kunye nemilinganiselo yedemokhrasi yamazwe asentshona asekwe kwi "Namapoleon mthetho".
Indima kwimbali ye-France yoBuntu obalaseleyo iyabuthakalisa. ESpeyin naseRussia, wabizwa ngokuba ngumchasi-Kristu, kwaye abanye abaphandi bajonga i-napoleon iqhawe elifutshane.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umphathi oqaqambileyo, uMlawuli, uMlawuli uNapoleon i-BONOBAPARE yayingummi waseCorsca. Nge-Agasti 15, 1769 yazalelwa kwisixeko saseAjaccio kwintsapho ehluphekayo. Abazali boMlawuli wexesha elizayo babenabantwana abasibhozo. Utata uCarlo di Buonaparte wakhokelela ekuzinzisweni komthetho, umama weLetitia, nee ramolino, wakhulisa abantwana. Ngobuzwe, babengamaCrsika. I-Bonaparte yinguqulelo ye-tuscan yefani ye-corsican edumileyo.
Imbali yakhe yokufunda nokubhala yafundiswa ekhaya, kwiminyaka emithandathu banikwa isikolo sabucala, kwiminyaka elishumi ubudala - ukuya kwiKholeji ye-Odenis, apho inkwenkwe ihleli khona ixesha elide. Emva kwekholeji iyaqhubeka nokufunda kwisikolo saseBaryna. Ngo-1784 ingena kwi-Parsis Resormy. Ekupheleni, isihloko se-lieutenant sifumana kwaye ukusuka kwi-1785 ye-1785 kwi-Artillery.
Ebutsheni basekuqaleni, uNapoleon waphila osihlahlekileyo, wayezithanda noncwadi kunye nemicimbi yomkhosi. Ngo-1788, ekubeni eCorsca, athathe inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwezinto ezinqabileyo, asebenze kwingxelo yombutho wemikhosi, njl. Uqwalasele imeko yokoqobo esebenza kakuhle, enethemba lokuba udume kule ntsimi.
Ngomdla ufunde iincwadi kwimbali, iJografi, ubungakanani beengeniso zikarhulumente zamazwe aseYurophu, isebenza kwifilosofi yomthetho, iyayithanda imibono yaseJean-Jacques Rousseal. Ubhalela ibali likaCorsica, ibali "lencoko ngothando", "umprofeti ofihliweyo", "bala i-Essex" kwaye zikhokelela kwidayari.
Imibhalo ye-bonapaparte encinci ngaphandle kokuba umntu wasala kwimibhalo-ngqangi. Kule misebenzi, umbhali uveza iimvakalelo ezimbi ngokunxulumene neFrance, eyithathela ingqalelo lo mkhombandlela weCorsica, kunye nothando lwelizwe lakhe. Iirekhodi ze-napoleon ezintsha ziziintreyithi zezopolitiko kwaye zifakwe umoya wotshintsho.
IVenkile yaseFrance Napoleon Bonaparte ihlangana nenzondelelo, ngo-1792 ingena kwiklabhu ye-Jakin. Emva koloyiso kwiBritane ukubanjwa kwe-toolon ngo-1793, isihloko se-brigade jikelele sizukisiwe. Oku kuba yinto eguqukayo kwi-biography yakhe, emva koko kwaqala umsebenzi omkhulu womkhosi.
Ngo-1795, uNapoleon wahlukile kukukhawulezisa kwemvukelo yasebukhosini, emva komiselwe umphathi-mkhosi. Iphulo lase-Italiya eliqhutywa ngo-1796-1797 phantsi komyalelo wakhe labonisa italente yomphathi kwaye wamzukisa kwilizwe lonke. Ngo-1798-1799, umkhombandlela umthumela kwi-Egrication yaseSiriya naseYiputa.
Uhambo lwaphela ukohlula, kodwa aluzange luthathelwe ingqalelo. Ushiya umkhosi wokuba ngumkhosi wokulwa isiRashiya phantsi komyalelo weSuvorov. Ngo-1799, iNapoleon eNapoleon Bonaparte ibuyela eParis. Imodi yesalathiso ngeli xesha sele kwincopho yentlekele.
Kwezopolitiko zasekhaya
Emva kokudibana kunye nokubhengezwa kommeli ngo-1802, waba ngumnxibelelanisi, kwaye ngo-1804 - umlawuli. Kwakuloo nyaka, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kukaNapoleon, ikhowudi entsha yoluntu iyapapashwa, eyayisisiseko somthetho waseRoma.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi oqhutywa nguMlawuli ujolise ekomelezeni amandla alo, ethi, ngokoluvo lwayo, luqinisekisile ukugcinwa kwenguquko yenguqu. Ukuqhuba utshintsho kwicandelo lomthetho nolawulo. Bathathe uluhlu lweenguqu kumanqanaba emithetho nakwimithetho. Icandelo lezi zinto ezintsha kwaye ngoku yenza isiseko sokusebenza kwamazwe. I-Napoleon yayeka i-anarchy. Umthetho wamkeleke, ubonelela ngelungelo lepropathi. Abemi baseFransi bamkelwa njengamalungelo kunye namathuba.
Usodolophu waqeshwa kwizixeko nakwiilali, ibhanki yaseFransi yadalwa. Ukuvuselelwa koqoqosho oluqale, nto leyo yayingakwazi nokuvuya kwanabangcwali babemi. Iiseti zomkhosi zivumelekile ukuba ifumane ihlwempu. Amasimi avuliwe kulo lonke ilizwe. Kwangelo xesha, inethiwekhi yamapolisa yandiswa, isebe elifihliweyo lizuze, oomatshini bokushicilela belunzima. Ngokuthe ngcembe kukho imbuyiselo kwinkqubo yolawulo lukarhulumente.
Isiganeko esibalulekileyo sabasemagunyeni baseFransi yayisisivumelwano esigqitywe ngoopopu besiRoma, enkosi ekuziseni kwabantu abasemagunyeni be-Bonaparte bamkelwa endaweni yokubhengeza ubuKatolika kwinkolo enkulu kunabemi abaninzi. Umbutho ngokunxulumene nomlawuli wahlulahlulwa waba ziinkampu ezimbini. Inxalenye yabemi ivakaliswa ukuba uNapoleon wangcatsha iguquko, kodwa iBoapaparte uqobo yayikholelwa ukuba ungumlungisi wemibono yakhe.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle
Ukuqala kweBhodi yeNapoleon ibalwe okwethutyana, xa iFrance inobutshaba e-Austria naseNgilani. Iphulo elitsha le-Itali e-Itali e-Itali esuse isoyikiso kwimida yaseFransi. Iziphumo zobutshaba yayikukungaphantsi komhlaba phantse kuwo onke amazwe aseYurophu. Kwimimandla eyayingafakwanga eFrance, kwadalwa izibonelelo zoMlawuli woBukumkani, olawulo lwalo babengamalungu osapho lwakhe. IRussia, iPupssia ne-Austria ibambe imanyano.
Ekuqaleni, uNapoleon waqokiswa njengoMsindisi uMama weManiland. Abantu babenebhongo ngezinto aziphumezileyo, ilizwe lalinokukhwela ilizwe. Kodwa imfazwe eneminyaka engama-20 yayo yonke idiniwe. Ibhloko yelizwekazi, ebhengezwe yi-Bonapaparte, ekhokelele kuqoqosho lwaseNgilani, ishishini layo lokukhanya, yanyanzela iBritane ukuyeka ubudlelwane borhwebo namazwe aseYurophu. Ingxaki yabetha izixeko zaseFrance, ukuhanjiswa kweempahla zekoloniyali kuyekiwe apho eYurophu sele iqhelene nayo. Nditsho nentendelezo yesiFrentshi inesithukuthezi ngenxa yokunqongophala kwekofu, iswekile, iti.
Le meko yayikhuliswe yingxaki yezoqoqosho ye-1810. I-bourgeoisie yayingafuni ukuchitha imali emfazweni, kuba isoyikiso sokuhlasela amanye amazwe sahlala ixesha elidlulileyo. Wayeqonda ukuba injongo yomgaqo-nkqubo wemlawuli we-Emperor kukwandisa amandla alo kunye nokukhusela iimfuno zodumo.
Ukuqala kwe-Wreck yoBukhosi yayingu-1812, xa imikhosi yaseRashiya yawoyisa umkhosi weNapoleenic. Ukudalwa komanyano lwemanyano, oquka iRussia, eOstriya, iPrussia neSweden, ngo-1814 kwaba kukuwa kobukumkani. Kulo nyaka woyisa isiFrentshi kwaye wangena eParis.
UNapoleon kwafuneka ayilahle itrone, kodwa imeko yomlawuli yagcinwa emva kwakhe. Wayethunyelwa kwisiqithi se-Elba kuLwandle lweMeditera. Nangona kunjalo, ireferensi yomthetho ihleli apho ixesha elide.
Abemi baseFrance nabasemkhosini babengonelisekanga yimeko, boyikisa ukubuya kwebhulethi kunye nobungangamsha. I-BONAPARE yenza ukubaleka kwaye ngo-Matshi 1, 1815 ihamba eParis, apho ifezekisiwe khona ngokukhuselekileyo kubemi. Izenzo zomkhosi ziyaqalwa. Kwimbali, eli thuba lingena 'njengekhulu leentsuku. " Ukoyiswa kokugqibela kwemikhosi yaseNapolenic yenzekile nge-18 kaJuni, 1815 emva kwedabi e-Waterloo.
Umlawuli obhukuqweni wayethinjwa yiBritane kwaye wathunyelwa kwikhonkco. Ngeli xesha wazifumana ekwi-Atlantiki yoLwandle kwiSiqithi saseSt. I-Helena, apho wayehlala khona iminyaka emi-6. Kodwa ayizizo zonke iBritane i-Napoleon engalunganga. Ngo-1815, uGeorge Borron, ochukunyiswe yintlekele yomlawuli we-owerrown, wadala "umjikelo we-NAPOOON" kwimibongo emihlanu, emva koko imbongi ihlanjululwe ngokungaphantsi. Phakathi kwamaBritane yayikho enye i-napoleon - inkosazana yePharclotte, intombi yekamva iv, kodwa yasweleka ngo-1817 ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Napoleon Bonaparte evela kumhlathana yahlulwe lulonwabo. Ngokuchasene nenkolelo ethandwayo, ukukhula kweNapoleon kwakungaphezulu kweentsingiselo ezikhoyo kule minyaka - 168 cm, engakwazanga ukutsala umdla wesini esahlukileyo. Iimpawu ze-mushroom, ukuma, ezibonakala ngokuphinda kufakwe ngendlela yefoto, yabangela umdla kumantombazana amjikelezileyo.
Isithembiso sokuqala, apho umfana oselula esenza isithembiso, yayingumnqweno oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala yayingu-Eugene-Clara. Kodwa ngelo xesha, umsebenzi wakhe waseParis waqala ukubaleka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uNapoleon akazange axhathise umtsalane weParis. Kwikomkhulu laseFrance, i-Bonaparte ekhethiweyo yokuqalisa iinoveli kunye nabasetyhini abadala kunaye.
Isiganeko esibalulekileyo sobomi bobuqu yaseNapoleon, eqhutywa ngo-1796, yayingumtshato wakhe waseYamine Bogarne. I-Bonaparte ethandekayo yayimdala kuneminyaka emi-6. Wazalelwa kwintsapho yokulima kwisiqithi saseMartinique kwiCaribbean. Ukusukela kwiminyaka eli-16, wayetshatile no-Alexander de Bogarne, wazalwa abantwana ababini. Kwiminyaka emithandathu emva komtshato, yahlulwe liqabane lakhe kwaye elinye yayihlala eParis, emva koko endlwini kaBawo. Emva kwenguquko, 1789 kwakhona baya eFransi. EParis, umyeni wakhe wangaphambili waxhaswa, ngelo xesha wabamba iposi ephezulu yezobupolitika. Kodwa ngo-1794, ii-vicoths zabulawa, kwaye uJosemine yena wachitha ixesha elithile entolongweni.
Emva konyaka, ndinenkululeko, uJosephine wadibana noBobaparte, owayengaziwa. Ngokutsho kolunye ulwazi, ngexesha lokuthandana, wabandakanya uqhagamshelo lothando kunye noMlawuli waseFrance nguBharras, kodwa akazange amthintele ekubeni ngumtshato we-Bonaparte kunye noJosefu. Ukongeza, uBharrasi wakhalaza kwisikhundla somkhosi womkhosi womkhosi wase-Italiya weRiphal weRiphabhlikhi.
Abaphandi baxoxa ukuba abathandi banabathandi abaninzi. Bobabini bazalelwa eFransi kwiziqithi ezincinci, bekhathalelwe, bahlala entolongweni, bobabini babengabameli. Emva komtshato, uNapoleon waya kwisikhundla somkhosi wase-Italiya, kwaye uJosefu wahlala eParis. Emva kwephulo le-Itali, i-bonaparte lathunyelwa eJiphutha. UJosefu wayengalandelwa ngumyeni wakhe, kodwa onandipha ubomi behlabathi kwikomkhulu laseFransi.
Itshutshiswa ngumona, uNapoleon waqala ukuqala intandokazi. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabaphandi, intanda yeNapoleon yayisuka kwi-20 ukuya kwi-50. Kwalandelwa iinoveli ezininzi, ezikhokelela ekuvelisweni kweendlalifa ezingekho mthethweni. Kuyaziwa malunga nesibini - Alexander Colonne-Valevsky kunye noCharles Leone. Uhlobo lwekholamu-Valevskis lusinde unanamhla. Umama ka-Alexander waba yintombi yePolish Ariarict Maria Valevskaya.
UJosemiine wayengenakuba nabantwana, ke ngo-1810, ngo-1810, uNapoleon wam makamtshato. Ekuqaleni, i-bonaparte icwangciswe ukuzala i-Imperial yeRomanov. Wabuza izandla zika-Ana Pavlovna kumntakwabo uAlexander. Kodwa umlawuli waseRussia wayengafuni ukuya kumlawuli engazange akhawuleze abe yigazi lasebukhosini. Ngeendlela ezininzi, ezi zinto zingavisisani zichaphazele ukupholisa ubudlelwane phakathi kweFrance naseRussia. UNapoeon utshata intombi ka-Emperorore Austria maria-louise, owazala indlalifa. Lo mtshato awuzange wamkelwa luluntu lwaseFrance.
Ngelishwa, kamva, umzukulwana kaJosephine emva koko, kwaye ingenguye uNapoleon uba ngumlawuli waseFrance. Inzala yakhe ilawula eDenmark, iBelgium, eNorway, eSweden kunye ne-Luxembourg. Inzala kaNapoleon ayizange ihlale, njengoko unyana wakhe engenabantwana, kodwa yena wafa kunye nomntwana oselula.
Emva kokuhlola isiqithi se-Elba Bonaparte, kulindeleke ukuba abone iqabane lakhe elifanelekileyo kuye, kodwa uMaria-louise waya emninimniniyo. UMaria Valovskaya wafika eBoobhoparte nonyana wakhe. Ukubuyela eFrance, uNapoleon owayephupha nje nguMaria Louise, kodwa umlawuli akazange afumane impendulo kuzo zonke iileta ezithunyelwe eOstriya.
Ukufa
Emva koloyiko lwe-Waterloo borotal ixesha lesiqithi seSt. Elena. Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe yayizaliswe ziintlungu zesifo esinganyangekiyo. Nge-5 kaMeyi, ngo-1821, uNapoleon ndasweleka eBobolorte, wayeneminyaka engama-52 ubudala.
Ngokutsho kwenguqulo enye, unobangela wokufa yayinguOncology, kwenye-ityhefu ye-arsenic. Abaphandi ababambe iinguqulelo zomhlaza wesisu babhenela kwiziphumo ze-autopsy, kunye nokusweleka kwe-Bonaparte, notata wakhe wabulawa ngumhlaza wesisu. Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi ngaphambi kokuba bafe, uNapoleon Tolstie. Kwaye yaba ngumqondiso ongathangameleyo wetyhefu yetyhefu ye-arsenic, kuba izigulana zilahleka ubunzima nge-oncoglogy. Ukongeza, kwiinwele zomlawuli kamva, ukulandelwa kwe-arsenic yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwatyhilwa.
Ngokutsho kukaNapoleon, amasanga akhe athuthwa waya eFrance nge-1840, edumo kwindlu yeParis yabantu abakhubazekileyo kwikati. Ujikeleze ingcwaba lomlawuli wangaphambili owona mboniso wemifanekiso ebonisiweyo yaseFrance eyenziwe nguJean Jacques Pradier.