Biography
Tikhon khrenikov - isokisi yeSoviet, imvumi, utitshala, i-Laureate ye-odolo ye-odolo, intloko yomgaqo-nkqubo wowe-1948 ukuya ku-1991. Umbhali womculo kwiimovie "I-pinag nolusi", "i-hussmar ballad", "ngentsimbi yesithandathu ngokuhlwa emva kwemfazwe."Ubuntwana noLutsha
UTikhon Nikolayevich khrennikov rod ovela kwiSixeko sase-Elts Orlovskaya, apho wazalwa khona nge-10 kaJuni, 1913. Inkwenkwe yaba ngumntwana weshumi kwintsapho yaseNikolai Nikolayevich, uMorkive nonobhala, kunye nabafazi basekhaya Barbara Vasneevna.
Lonke abazali abagcini batyalwe kubantwana babo, ngakumbi kwimfundo yabo. Ingqwalaselo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa kumculo: Onke amalungu osapho yayinguMusitis, uTikon wayedlala ngobuchule igitare, ecula kwisikolo, kwaye kwiminyaka eli-9 ubudala efunda ukudlala ipiyano.
Kwiminyaka eli-13 ubudala, umntu onesiphiwo onesiphiwo waqamba i-ETE yokuqala, emva koko wafudukela kwimidlalo, amatywarha kunye nemarike. Kunyaka emva koko, uTikhon wanikwa umsebenzisi nge-mikhail gnesin. I-Maestro yacebisa inkwenkwe ukuba iphumelele esikolweni nasemva kokuba iqalise ukufunda umculo kwikomkhulu. Sele emva koko kwasekwa isangqa sabaqambisi abathandayo bakaTikon. Baba nguJohann Sebastian Bhach, uPeter Tchaikovsky kunye ne-chandorary khrennikov - sergey prokffiev.
UKhrennikov uphumelele iBhunga kwaye ngo-1929 wangena kwisikolo sobugcisa, apho wayenenxaxheba kwiklasi yepiyano evela e-E. Gelman, nakwiklasi yokuqulunqwa - m. gnesin. Emva kokuphumelela kwi-Gnesinkata, imvumi enetalente yamkelwa kwikhondo lesibini lolondolozo, apho wafunda khona kwi-vissinatory uShelina kunye neHeinrich Nigali, kude kube ngo-1936. Njengomfundi, waqala imisebenzi yabasebenzi kwiindonga zemidlalo yeqonga yaseMoscow, eyakhokelela eNatalia Satts.
Ngexesha lokugqitywa kwesifundo, i-tikhon krrennikov iboniswe kwiinkundla kwiinkundla zeSymphony kuqala. Umsebenzi wathandwa kumhlaba weSoviet Union, kamva yaqukwa ukuphindaphindiswa kwabaqhubi be-American American ye-leopold ye-ukraine kunye neYujina okanye i-yujina okanye i-yujina ormandi.
I-symphony yaza yaba ngumsebenzi wokuphumelela wemvumi. Inyani elinomdla le-biography ye-khrednikov ibhekisa kwityala elaphathwa kwiimviwo zokugqibela. Owona mqhubi wemviwo sele ethandwa ngelo xesha umqambi "ulungile," waba nguSergey Prookofiev, ngusihlalo weKhomishini. Ukususela kwasekuqaleni tikhon khrenikov bethembele kwidiploma ebomvu, emva koko aluhambi. Emva kwethuba, ibhunga lesayensi yelondolozo litshintshe isigqibo seKhomishini kwaye ikhuphe isidanga ngembeko.
Umculo
Ukuqala ukusuka kwi-30s ye-khrennikov - eyona mpahla ithandwayo yeSoviet Union. Wabhala umculo, wafundisa kwaye wasaziwa, wayesaziwa kwilizwe lakhe nasephesheya.
Iminyaka yokuqala yomsebenzi wokuyila ye-krrennikov waphawulwa yinkaleko yepiyano nge-orchestra, umculo kwi-vielingov spectrum ", i-chian, iziqwenga zepiyano. Unothando luvela kwiindinyana ze-Alexander Pullkin kunye neDilesi ye-Wesgey yeSenen ".
Umsebenzi wokuqala wenqanaba lokuqala kwimisebenzi kaTikon Khrenikov yaba le phumelelo yayinguPepera "Kwisaqhwithi", eyabona ukukhanya ngo-1939. Kuyabonakala ngathi okwesihlandlo sokuqala kwindawo ye-opera, inani leNkokeli yeHlabathi yeHlabathi yeVladimir Lenin yavela.
Ngexesha lemfazwe, i-tikhon krrennikov ihlawula ingqwalaselo ekudaleni iingoma, phakathi kwentombazana yeMoscow "Ingoma malunga", "ingoma yoNyaka oMtsha", "ingoma yoNyaka oMtsha". Kwangelo xesha, i-symphony yesibini iyavela, ethathwe kwasekuqaleni njengolutsha lwengoma, kodwa imfazwe yenze uhlengahlengiso. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, uSymphony wenziwe kwi-radio radio ye-Norlelwano ngo-1944 eyenziwa yi-orchestra enkulu phantsi kolawulo lweNikolai Golovanov.
Ukuyila i-tikhon hrennikova kukubonakaliswa kwenkqubo yenzeka kweli lizwe, imiphefumlo kunye nekati yabemi bayo. Ukusombulula ikamva, eliphantsi kwezinto eziphazamisayo uJoseph Stalin, umqambi wawugcina ukholo kwikamva eliqaqambileyo, iinkokheli zathembisa abantu baseSoviet. Umculo wakhe ubhujiswe ngethemba lokukhanya, ifana nokupheliswa kwamathemba abantu abaqhelekileyo.
Kwangelo xesha, iminyaka emide yobomi beHrenikov nabo banxulunyaniswa nemisebenzi yakhe njengentloko yemanyano yabaqambi. Wayekho kwiintlanganiso ezininzi, apho amalungu e-tholbiro kunye noStalin ngokwakhe wachaza isiphelo somntu oqhelekileyo, kwaye i-tikhon khrenikov "inkqonkqozile" amabhaso kaStalin kunye nabaqambi.
Uninzi lokomelezeka uTikhon Nikolayevich kwi-Artalinment Stalilist Statistist, ekuhlaseleni abahlobo babo kunye nootitshala: Prokfioviev, eKhadaturian. Abaqambi-abavavayo - abadlali begadi, abangazange bangene kwimbono 'yobukomanisi bexesha elizayo ".
Kwinani lodliwano-ndlebe, i-tikhon khrenikov iyenza inyani ye-stalin, kodwa ingeyongobuKomanisi. Wayekholelwa ngokunyaniseka ukuba ubugcisa baseSoviet buyasindisa "igazi elisezantsi", kwaye uphumelele iimvumi ezizezizintloni emehlweni enkokeli noorhulumente. Kodwa umqambi ngokwakhe waba ngumxholo wohlaselo loogxa babo. Umxholo we-Skili ye-satirical wadalwa kuyo, kwaye ababhali babehlala beboikhon khrennikov bebekhusela ngaphambili.
Kwi-arsenal tikhon nikolayevich amabhaso amaninzi kunye nezihloko, kubandakanya iipremiyamu ezintathu ze-stalinist, ezimbini kunye ne-winnky enye ye-RSFSR kunye ne-USSR yezinye izihloko zozuko kunye neembasa.
I-KHrenikov yabhala umculo kwiimovie ezingamashumi amathathu. Phakathi kweemovie ezithandwayo, apho imisebenzi kaTikhon Khrenikov ivakala, "umsebenzi" wenene "," ngentsimbi yesithandathu emva kwemfazwe, "uloliwe uya empuma." Umculo womqambi wasetyenziswa kumhle odumileyo wase-Eldar Ryazanov "Hussarskaya Ballad" nge-barisa bumbusk kunye ne-yuri yakovlev kwindima ephezulu. Ifilimu e-Otcric yathandwa ngenxa yefilimu ye-duenäya.
Kwi-70s, umqambi uvelisa inani leebhanti. Le yimisebenzi "yokuthanda uthando", "i-huxarskaya ballad", yenziwa kwizixhobo ezisele zomculo.
Umqambi akazange ashiye usuku lokugqibela. Ngo-2000, uTikhon Khrenikov wabhala inani leengoma, iziqwenga zepiyano, i-waltz "i-tianin yosuku" ye-symphony ye-orkstra. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakutshanje ngumculo we-adventure "amaqabane amabini" kunye nochungechunge "iifestile" zeMoscow ".
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu baqhubekile bube phantse njengekhondo lakhe lokudala. UTikon Khrenikov wahlala ethembekile ku-vara waseClara Arnoldna Vak, apho wayehlala iminyaka engama-67 ubudala, nangona wayehlala ejikelezwe ngabantu abalandeli. UClara wasebenza njengentatheli kwi-propaganda yoluntu lwabaqambile. Ngexesha lokuthandana noTikhon, wayetshatile, ngaphandle koko, wayemdala kuneqabane elizayo iminyaka emi-4. Ixesha elide, le ntombazana ayivumelani noqhawulo-mtshato nomyeni odlulileyo, kodwa umqambi akazange anikezele.
Ukudala umculo kwintsebenzo yomdlalo kaShakespeare, othandaza 'njenge-Haserdale malunga neRose "Tikhon ekunikezeleni kwiqabane elizayo. Ukumamela umsebenzi, uClara wahlala engonwabanga, kwaye intanda iphantse yaxabana. Kwangorhatya olufanayo, i-KHrenikov Rewrote Play kwakhona kwakhona kangangokuba wafumana ubugcisa.
Ukujonga iimvakalelo zentanda yakho, i-tikhon khrennikov, kunye nabahlobo, iVasily Solovyov-Grey Dy kunye ne-Ivan Dzerzhinssky idlale indawo ngaphambili ye-clara. I-tikhon tikhon ibeka kwisitulo esingasemva semoto kwaye sakhawuleza sangena endlwini kunye nokukhwaza ukuba umqambi uyafa. Intombazana iphelile esitratweni ngamagama athi "Tishhenka, oyithandayo", ungayikhathaleli umyeni wakhe kunye noninazala.
Emva komtshato ngo-1940, intombazana yaseNatalia yazalwa. Emva kwexesha, le ntombazana yafumana imfundo yobugcisa, yafumana umsebenzi kwi-theather theist theris pokrovsky, utshatele igor Kocareva. Unyana wazalwa ngunyana uAndrei, ophumelele emva koMgimo.
Umzukulwana kaTikon Khrenikov waba nguMdali wesiseko segama lakhe. U-Andrei Kokokarev ukhuphe i-anthology yemisebenzi kaTikon Khrenikov, kunye neerekhodi ezinqabileyo ezinengoma ekwenziweni komqambi. Phakathi kwemisebenzi ka-Andrei yincwadi ethetha ngobomi bukatat'omkhulu, apho kunqabile khona iifoto zosapho lweKrarenikov.
Abathathu abantwana bazalelwa kwintsapho yaseAndrei - iVisinia ephezulu noTikhon, omncinci uAriina no-Artem. UTikhon waba ngumthumeli wezithethe zomculo wabeka utatomkhulu wakhe omkhulu. Umfana onolwazi lomqambi. Waphumelela ukususela ngo-2012 ukuya kwi-MOSCOW GORREDSET ngembeko, ukuba ngowona mfundi uphelileyo unyaka. Kwinkumbulo yotatomkhulu omkhulu, uTikhon wabhala umdlalo we-cello "hayi ngonaphakade".
Ukufa
UTikhon Nikolayevich wasweleka eMoscow ngo-2007, emva kokugula okufutshane. Umngcwabo wawubanjelwe kwi-Yel yomthonyama, ingcwaba elisentendelekweni lendlu apho abazali bakhe babehlala khona.
Kunyaka kamva, kwamiselwa isikhumbuzo kwidolophu yomqambi.
Sebenza
- Ngo-1933 - yepiyano enenombolo ye-orchestra 1
- Ngo-1935-Inombolo ye-symphony 1
- Ngo-1939 - I-Opera "Kwisaqhwithi"
- Ngo-1944 - Inombolo ye-symphony 2
- Ngo-1954 - iiNgoma "isiphene", "siya kukuxelela", "Intliziyo inyathela", "iNgoma yabahlobo abathembekileyo" (Konke ekwi-M. L. matsovsky)
- Ngo-1957 - I-Opera yoMsebenzi
- Ngo-1959 - ye-violin enenombolo ye-orchestra 1
- Ngo-1960-I-Moscow yeWindows (i-ML. L. L. I-Matusovsky)
- Ngo-1964 - i-cello enenombolo ye-orchestra 1
- Ngo-1974 - Inombolo ye-symphony 3
- Ngo-1976 - iBallet "Uthando loThando"
- Ngo-1983 - I-Opera "Doorothea"
- Ngo-1988 - U-Opera "UKumkani Wenziwe"
- Ngo-1999 - "intombi kaKapteni"