Biography
I-Rasul Ghamsatovich yaseGamzatov - Imbongi ye-Avar, uBhalpoti, i-Kavaler, i-Kavaler, i-Kavaler, i-Kavaler, i-Kavaler yomyalelo wompostile oNgcwele wabizwa.
URasul Gamzatov wavela ngoSeptemba 8, 1923. Imbongi yexesha elizayo yazalelwa kwenye ye-Ayovo Hongzakh yeDagstan. URasul wabhala iivesi zakhe zokuqala ebokuqala xa wayeqala ukubona inqwelomoya kwilali yakhe ye-shada. Inkwenkwe eneemvakalelo ezintle, kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba abonise ephepheni.
Utitshala wokuqala uRasul wayenguyise Tsadas Tsizas Tsidas, owayengumbongo we-poet edumileyo. Waxelela uNyana webali, iintsomi, wafunda imibongo yakhe, wakhuthaza umbono kunye nengqondo ephilayo yasenyana. Kwindlu apho kwakuhlala khona usapho lukaGazatov, iMyuziyam Tsadasa ye-Tsadasas sele ifumaneka. Ukuzukisa, kwathiwa isikolo, apho oonyana bakhe kunye nabanye belali bahamba khona.
Imibongo yokuqala epapashwe kumaphephandaba asekuhlaleni, iRasul isayine igama leGazat Tsadasa. Umfana weza nekhe, xa ndafumanisa ukuba umsebenzi wakhe ichaphazela igunya likaYise. Ke imbongi yaba nguRasul Gamzatov.
Ushicilelo lokuqala, olubekelwe ukwakhiwa kwe-hamzatov, yayiliphepha le-ntaba "bolshevik". Ngelo xesha, imbongi encinci yayisisikolo esisesikolweni. Waqhubeka nokubhala nabathetheli, ukuba ngumfundi. I-Rasul ifumene imfundo ye-pedugogical. Ekuqaleni kwamanxuwa eenkulungwane edluleyo, uGazatov wasebenza njengomfundisi-ntsapho kwisikolo esincinci, ngoku ebizwa ngegama likaYise.
Ngo-1943, ingqokelela yokuqala yemibongo yaseGazatov yaphuma. Incwadi iqulethe inani elikhulu lezincoko ezinomxholo womkhosi apho uRasul wavuma iqhawe lamajoni aseSoviet. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yezwe Ezinkulu, abazalwana abadala uGazatov wasweleka, oku kuchaphazela isimo somfana ukuba abe ziingxabano.
Emva kokuba esebenze iminyaka eliqela esikolweni, iRasul yaya eMoscow ukuba ingene kwiZiko loncwadi ngo-1945. Ngeli xesha, kwakukho iincwadi ezininzi ezipapashiweyo kwiNgxowa-mali yoBuntu yaseGazatov. Kwiziko le-Avavars lamkelwe. UGazatov wafumana umhlaba omtsha weMibongo yaseRussia, eyabonakala ngamandla kumsebenzi wakhe olandelayo. Ngo-1947, imibongo kaGazatov yapapashwa okokuqala ngesiRashiya, kwaye kwiminyaka emithathu kamva imbongi iphumelele kwiziko loncwadi.
Umsebenzi wokubhalwa kolu paiden udala kudala kwikowuti, kodwa i-gamzat ayizange ibhale ngesiRashiya. Imibongo yakhe kunye namabali akhe aguqulelwa ngababhali abahlukeneyo, eyaphendula imbongi kakuhle.
Uninzi lwemibongo kaGazatov ibekwe kumculo. Iingqula zengoma ezisekwe kwimibhalo yakhe zapapashwa rhoqo yinkampani "Melody". Abahlaseli abadumileyo basebenzisane nembongi, kubandakanya uRaymond Pauls, Jan Frenkel, Dmimry Kalelevsky, Alexander Pakhmuva, Yuri Antonov. Iingoma kwimibongo yakhe zivakala emlonyeni kaJosen Kobzon naseMuslim Magmayev, Sofia rorman, Vahtanga Kikabidze noMark Bernes.
URasul Gamzatov iminyaka engaphezu kwe-50 yayiyintloko yombutho wababhali weDagstan. Wayelilungu leBhodi yokuHlela kwiijenali eziliqela ezaziwayo zaseSoviet. Ixesha elide uGazatov eguqulelwe kulwimi lwenkobe yomsebenzi we-Pushkin, eKrasov, iBlok, i-Lerokot, i-Yesenin kunye nezinye iiklasi zaseRussia.
Ubomi Buqu
I-ratul yokuqala rasul gamzatov yajika yaba yinto embi. Intanda yakhe yayingumculi, walushiya ubomi bakhe kwangoko, eshiya ngasemva ukupeyinta ezimbalwa kunye nentliziyo eyaphukileyo yembongi. UGazatov wanikezela kweli bhinqa kumbongo.
Ubomi bobuqu bokubanga abuphelanga. Kwilali yakhe yemveli, intombazana yakhe ye-pakimat yahlala, emva koko uRasul wayehlala ejonga ubuntwana. Xa ummelwane okhulile, uGazatov wanomdla wobuhle bakhe. Imbongi itshatele intombazana eyayingumntu onguHenar kuneminyaka yakhe enesibhozo, yahlala nayo yonke imihla yobomi bakhe bonke. Umlingane wasweleka kwiminyaka emithathu ngaphambi komcimbi.
Ngo-1956, isibini sasinentombi yomgibe, emva kweminyaka emithathu - i-Patimat, nango-1965 - intombi salchatat. Kwakuloo nyaka, apho intombazana encinci ivele uRasul Gamzatovich, washiya umama wakhe. I-Harula GeidarbegajagadievzNavna iswelekile eneminyaka engama-77.
Umfazi wembongi wasebenzisa bonke ubomi bakhe ngobuqhetseba, enye yeemyuziyam zaseDegdan zezobugcisa zokubonwayo ngoku igama lakhe. Imbongi ineempawu ezine zabazukulwana. Enye ye-hesuss rasul gulzatova tavus mahachev yaba ngumculi odumileyo eDagdan.
Ukufa
Ngo-2000, iqabane likaRasul Gamzatov lasweleka, ngubani awayephila naye ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane. Emva kokusweleka komfazi wakhe, impilo yembongi inyibilikile kakhulu. URasul Gamzatovich wayenesifo sePakinson, kodwa akazange alahlekelwe yithemba, unethemba lokuba iziphumo ezilungileyo zonyango.
NgoSeptemba 2003, imbongi kwakufuneka ibhiyozele isikhumbuzo sakhe amashumi asibhozo, kodwa ihlehlise umbhiyozo ngenxa yempilo-ntle. Ngo-Oktobha kwangaloo nyaka, indoda yawela esibhedlele. Intombi yelooti yamtyelela umhla wokufa kwaye kukholelwa ukuba utata wabo wayekhathalela ngokukhawuleza. Ubupolisi baswelekelelwa ngoNovemba 3, 2003.
U-gamzatov washiya iTestamente apho kukho indawo yokubhenela ebantwini beDagdan. Imbongi icele abantu ukuba baxabise kwaye bathande ilizwe labo. Amawakawaka abantu beza kuthintelana. Umzimba wakhe wamazwe athathwe emangcwabeni kumagxa.
U-gamzatov wacela ukuba angabonisi amatye obomi kunye nefani. "URasul" ligama elicenile ukuba libhale ngesiRashiya kwilitye lakhe. Ndingcwatywe imbongi eMakhachokala, wayenenkani ecaleni kwenkosikazi yakhe.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Ngo-1968, uBerner Berne wenza ingoma ethi "cranes". Umculo kolu msebenzi wabhalwa nguJan Fresel kwinguqulelo yaseRussia ye-Porul Galul Gamzatov.
- Imbongi ngexesha lokuqulunqwa "kweradi" yaphefumlelwa yimbali ye-Sadaka yaseJapan. Intombazana inyanga i-leukemia ngenxa yeziphumo ze-hiroshima buby. USadakov wayekholelwa ukuba, ukuba kuya kuvelisa iwaka lamaphepha, kuya kuba nakho ukunyanga ekuguleni kwakhe. Intombazana yayingenalo ixesha lokugqiba umsebenzi wasweleka. URasul wangena kwimbono yokwala zonke iimfazwe kunye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo waseJapan wabhala imibongo yaba sisiseko sengoma ethi "cranes".
- URasul Gamzatovich wayenethemba lokuba inkwenkwe iya kuvela kwintsapho yakhe. Wacwangcisa ukubiza unyana kaHaji Murat ngokuhlonitshwa kwegorha lombongo we-telstoy okanye shamil. Emva kokuzalwa kwentombi yesithathu, amaqabane ashiye imizamo yokuvelisa indlalifa. Iintombi zikaGazatova azizange zizale noonyana kwaye zikholelwe ukuba kukho intsingiselo yokufihlakele koku.
- URasul Gamzatovich akafihli ubuzwe bakhe. Wayenebhongo ngokuba ngumthonyama we-aul encinci kwiDagstan. Imbongi yayinendlu eMakhachokala kunye nendlu enkulu eMoscow, kodwa imbongi yayingafuni ukuhambisa usapho kwikomkhulu le-USSR.
- Intombazana ephakathi yembongi yangu-pimanat yabizwa ngokuba ngumzala wakhe, ingenguye umfazi wakhe uRasul. I-gamizatov's Niece yaqala ubomi basekhohlo, yayiyintombi yomntakwabo owafa emfazweni.
- Imbongi yabekwa imvakalelo yokuhlekisa. URasul Gamzatovich uncuma phantse yonke ifoto egciniweyo. Ngokweentombi, amahlaya akhe ayehlala enobubele kwaye ehlekisa.
- URasul Gamzatovich waphinda anyulwa kaninzi njengosekela kwiBhunga eliPhakamileyo laseDegstan, wayelilungu le-Presissium yeSSREAT yase-USSR.
- Kwiinyanga ezisithoba emva kokusweleka kwembongi, abazukulwana bakhe bazalwa unyana. Inkwenkwe ibizwa ngokuba yiRasul. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe, omnye wabahlobo uGazatov wayenephupha lokuba imbongi ebomini.
Imemori
Emva kokusweleka kukaRasul Gamzatov, iifilimu ngobomi bakhe kunye nomsebenzi waqala ukuvela. Ngamaxesha ohlukeneyo, ukupeyinta ezintandathu ezibhaliweyo zibalisa malunga nekamva lembongi. Ngo-2014, ifilimu yobugcisa kunye nexwebhu elibhaliweyo malunga noRasul Gamzatov, owayebizwa ngokuba ngu "Degstan yam. Ukuvuma ".
Igama imbongi enxitywa: ke, ilitye, eyomileyo kungekwamthwalo namkhombe wodwa, moya Tu-154m, umda unogada inqanawa, itumente futsal, Gunibskaya HPP, itumente yevoli-Russian Zonke, izikolo ezisibhozo neelayibrari ezimbini.
EDegstan ukusukela ngo-1986, ukuhlonipha uGazatov, "iholide emhlophe" ihlolwe.