Biography
I-mikhail glinka yindawo yomthengisi waseRussia, umsunguli we-Opera yaseRussia, uMbhali weHlabathi oPheleleyo "ubomi bokumkani"
UGlinka Mikhail Ivanovich wazalelwa kwindlu yosapho lwakhe kwingingqi ye-20 (nge-1 kaJuni) ye-1804. Utata wakhe wayeyinzala ye-Russiardiar Poind Gelly. Abazali bomqambi wexesha elizayo babambana nezinye izalamane ezinde. Umama kaMikhail evgeniy andreevna Glinka-Zemka wayengudade bosibini kayise - ivan nikolayevich glinka.
Inkwenkwe yayibuhlungu kwaye umntwana obuthathaka. Iminyaka elishumi yokuqala yobomi bakhe yayiyenzelwe kwiminyaka elishumi yokuqala yobomi bakhe, umama kaFetha Alexandrovna. Umakhulu yayingumfazi ongacacanga kunye nomhlaba ongqongqo, onamaphepha emntwaneni oBanzi novalo. Wafunda umzukulwana we-Wicial Alexandrovna ekhaya. Umdla wokuqala kuMculo wabonakaliswa yinkwenkwe ebuntwaneni basebusaneni xa wayezama ukuxelisa intsimbi ekhala ngoncedo lwe-tesils yasekhaya.
Emva kokusweleka kuka-mnakhulu, umama wakhe wayifunda imfundo ye-mikhail. Walungiselela unyana kwindlu yendawo ye-Sttersburg, apho kuphela apho abantwana abakhethiweyo abafundiweyo. Apho uMikhail wadibana ne-lv's pulkin kunye nomntakwabo omkhulu. UAlexander uSeergeeevich utyelele isalamane kwaye wayemazi nabahlobo abasondeleyo, enye yayinguMikhail Glinka.
Kwindlu yeendwendwe, umqambi wexesha elizayo waqala ukuthatha izifundo zomculo. Utitshala wakhe amthandayo wayeyi-pianl mayer. UGlinka ukhumbula ukuba lo titshala waphenjelelwa kukulwa kwakhe umculo. Ngo-1822, uMikhail waphumelela ekufundeni kwindlu yokubhoda. Ngomhla wokukhululwa, yena kunye noMfundisi-ntsapho basenziwa esidlangalaleni kwikonsathi yeGummel yepiyano. Incoko yaphumelela.
Ukuqala kwe-Drier
Iingoma zokuqala ze-glinkaga zelixesha lokukhululwa kwindlu yegusha. Ngo-1822, uMikhail Ivanovich waba ngumbhali wothando oluninzi. Omnye wabo "musani ukucula, mhle, nam 'wabhalwa kwiindinyana zika-Alexander Puykin. Ukwazi ngemvumi kunye nembongi yenzekile ngelixa ufunda, kodwa iminyaka embalwa emva kokukhululwa kweGlitana kwindlu yegusha, abantu abaselula baba ngabahlobo ngenxa yemidla eqhelekileyo.
I-mikhail ivanovich, kuba ebuntwaneni, yahlulwe yimpilo enkenenkene. Ngo-1923, waya kwiCaucasus ukuba anyange amanzi ngamanzi amaneral. Apho wathandabuza umhlaba, wafunda iintsomi zasekhaya kunye nobuchule bokwenyani, ukubandakanyeka kwezempilo. Emva kokubuya kweCaucasus, i-mikhail ivanovich phantse yashiya indawo yakhe ye-generic, yenza iingoma zomculo.
Ngo-1924, waya kwikomkhulu, apho wahlala khona kubulungiseleli beendlela zikaloliwe kunye nemiyalezo. Akakhonza kwaye iminyaka emihlanu, uGlinka warhoxa. Unobangela wokuthetha ngenkonzo yayikukunqongophala kwexesha lamahala lomculo. Ubomi kwi-St. Petersburg yazisa i-mikhail ivanovich ihamba nabantu ababalaseleyo bexesha lakhe lokudala. Imo engqongileyo ifikelela umqambi kufuneka ufumane ubuchule bokuyila.
Ngo-1830, impilo kaGlinka iba mandundu, imvumi yanyanzelwa ukuba itshintshe ubushushu bemozulu yePetersburg yemozulu efudumeleyo. Umqambi waya kunyango eYurophu. Uhambo lokuzonwabisa lwaseItali Glinka ludibene nokufunda ngobuchule. EMilan, umqambi wahlangabezana noDonnini naseBellini, wafunda i-Opera kunye neBelkanto. Emva kweminyaka emine yokuhlala kwakhe e-Itali, uGlinka waya eJamani. Apho wathabatha izifundo eSiegfriy Dena. Ukuphazamisa ukuqeqesha i-mikhail ivanovich kwakufuneka ngenxa yokufa kukatata ongalindelekanga. Umqambi ubuyela eRussia.
Ukuchuma umsebenzi
Umculo wawuxakekile zonke iingcinga ze-glinko. Ngo-1834, umqambi waqalisa ukusebenza kwi-opera yokuqala "ivan Susanin", eyathi yabizwa ngokuba "ngubomi buka-Tsar". Igama lokuqala lesincoko labuyiselwa kumaxesha eSoviet. Isenzo se-Opera senzeka ngo-1612, kodwa ukukhetha kweyelenqe kwaphenjelelwa yimfazwe ye-1812, yenzekile ngexesha lobuntwana bombhali. Ukuqala kwakhe, uGlitana wayeneminyaka esibhozo kuphela, kodwa impembelelo yakhe malunga nokuqonda kwemvumi yagcinwa iminyaka emininzi.
Ngo-1842, umqambi uphumelele emsebenzini kwi-opera yesibini. Umsebenzi ka-Ruslan noLyudmila "wawuswa ngolu suku olunye 'noIvan Susanin", kodwa ngomahluko weminyaka emithandathu.
UGlinka wabhala i-opera yakhe yesibini. Ithathe iminyaka emithandathu yokuphumelela kulo msebenzi. Ukuphoxeka komqambi kwakungengomda xa umsebenzi ungaphumelelanga ngengozi. Ukugxekwa kwamaza kugxeka imvumi. Ngo-1842 umqambi wayenengxaki ebomini bakhe, ephembelela impilo yemvakalelo neyasemzimbeni ye-Glinka.
Ukungoneliseki bubomi obutyhilelwe i-mikhail ivanovich ukuthatha uhambo olutsha lwe-Europe. Umqambi watyelela izixeko ezininzi eSpain naseFrance. Ngokuthe ngcembe, wabuya ephefumlelwe. Isiphumo sohambo lwakhe yayimisebenzi emitsha: "I-Aragon Khota" kunye nenkumbulo ye-Ballse ". Ubomi eYurophu banceda uGlinka ebuyisela ukuzithemba. Umqambi waya eRussia kwakhona.
Kangangexesha elithile, uGlinka uchithe kwilifa lesini, emva koko wayehlala eSt. Petersburg, kodwa ubomi behlabathi badiniwe yimvumi. Ngo-1848, wazifumana eWarsaw. Apho umculo waphila iminyaka emibini. Eli xesha lokuqulunqwa komqambi laphawulwa ngokudala i-fantasy "kamarinskaya".
I-mikhail ivanovich ichithe iminyaka emihlanu yokugqibela yobomi. Ngo-1852, umqambi waya eSpain. Imeko yempilo yemvumi yayibuthathaka, kwaye xa uGlinka efikelela eFransi, wagqiba kwelokuba aqhubeke apho. IParis ithembele. Ukuziva unyuko, umqambi waqalisa ukusebenza kwi-symphony ye-turas bulba. Ukuphila kangangeminyaka emibini eParis, imvumi yazo zonke izinto zakhe zokuyila zagoduka. Isizathu sesi sigqibo sisiqalo semfazwe yolwaphulo-mthetho. I-symphony "Taras Bulba" ayizange igqitywe.
Ukubuyela eRussia ngo-1854, imvumi yabhala iimemo, ezapapashwa emva kweminyaka eli-16 ebizwa ngokuba "manqaku". Ngo-1855, i-mikhail ivanovich eqokelelwe ngothando "kumzuzu wobomi obunzima" kwivesi yaseMikhail Lermoontov. Emva konyaka, umqambi waya eBerlin.
Ubomi Buqu
Ibali le-Glinka likaGlinka lilibali lothando lomntu, kodwa kukho umqambi kunye nobomi obuqhelekileyo bobuqu obuqhelekileyo. Ngexesha lokuhamba kwakhe eYurophu, i-mikhail yaba liqhawe lokufika kwabantu abaninzi. Ukubuyela eRussia, umqambi wagqiba kwelokuba atshate. Ngokomzekelo katata, wakhetha isalamane sakhe eside kwiqabane lakhe. Umfazi womqambi waba nguMaria (uMariya) petrovna ivanova.
Amaqabane anomehluko oneminyaka elishumi elinesine, kodwa umqambi akazange ayiyeke. Umtshato jikelele ungonwabanga. I-mikhail ivanovich ngokukhawuleza yaqonda ukuba unempazamo ngokhetho. Umtshato uBonds ubophe umculo kunye neqabane elingathandwayo, kwaye intliziyo yanikwa enye ibhinqa. UCatherine Cenn waba luthando olutsha lomqambi. Le ntombazana yayiyintombi yeMusekin, owayenguAlexandeer uSexaeeeeeeeevich anikeze umbongo "Ndikhumbula umzuzu omangalisayo."
Ulwalamano lwe-Glinkana kunye nentanda yaqhubeka iminyaka eli-10. Uninzi ngeli xesha imvumi yatshata ngokusemthethweni. Umfazi wakhe osemthethweni uMaria Ivanova, ongazange aphile kumtshato osemthethweni osemthethweni, aqala ukukhangela i-amur advents ecaleni. UGlita wayesazi malunga ne-advents yakhe. Umlingane wandingcikiva imvumi ngenkangala, ekhukuliseka kwaye etshintshile. Umqambi wadandatheka kakhulu.
Emva kweminyaka emithandathu yomtshato kunye ne-Glinkari maria ivanov utshate nge-cornet nikolai vasilchikov. Xa le meko ivuliwe, iGlinkayi yafumana ithemba loqhawulo mtshato. Lonke eli xesha, umqambi wawubandakanya ubudlelwane kunye noCatherine curne. Ngo-1844, imvumi iqonde ukuba ubukhulu bezinto zothando zeUs. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, wafumana uqhawulo-mtshato, kodwa akazange alitshintshe eCatherine.
I-Glinka kunye ne-typin
I-mikhail ivanovich kunye ne-Alexander Sergeeeevich yayingabantu ababephila ngexesha. I-Pungkin yayiyi-Glinka yeminyaka emihlanu. Emva kokuba i-mikhail ivanovich ikhule ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini, bekukho izinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kwi-Alexander Sergeyevich. Ubuhlobo babantu abancinci baqhubeka nokufa kakhulu kwembongi.
I-Gliinka ikhulelwe i-Opera Ruslan kunye neLyudmila ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza nge-pushkin. Ukusweleka kwembongi kunciphise inkqubo yokwenza i-opera. Ngenxa yoko, ukumila kwakhe kuqukethekile. UGljka ubizwa ngokuba yi "Puckkin evela kumculo", kuba wenza igalelo leposi elifanayo ekusekweni kwesikolo seSizwe seSizwe seRussia njengomhlobo wakhe ekuphuhlisweni koncwadi lwaseRussia.
Ukufa
EJamani, uGlitana wayefunda ubuchule bukaJohann Sebastian Baha kunye nabantu bakhe bexesha lakhe. Ngaphandle kokuphila eBerlin kunye nonyaka, umqambi wasweleka. Ukufa kwamfumana ngoFebruwari 1857.
Umqambi wangcwatywa ngokuthozama kumangcwaba amancinci amancinci. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, udade oselula waseGlitana uLlumiudmila weza eBerlin ukuba acwangcise inqwelo-mafutha kaGruch kwilizwe lawo. Ibhokisi yomzimba womqambi ukusuka eBerlin kwi-St. Petersburg yathuthwa kwibhokisi yekhadibhodi kunye nombhalo "porcelain".
Buyisela i-gelinka kwi-st. petersburg kumangcwaba eTikvin. Ilitye lengcwaba eliqinisekileyo kwingcwaba lokuqala lomqambi isekhona eBerlin kwintsimi yamangcwaba aseRussia. Ngo-1947, isikhumbuzo sikaGlita safakwa apho.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- UGlita waba ngumbhali wothando "Ndikhumbula umzuzu omangalisayo," owabhalelwa kwiindinyana ze-Alexander Sergeeeevich Suinkin. Imbongi inike umqolo we-mousse ann, kwaye i-mingail ivanovich inikezelwe kumculo wentombi yakhe.
- Emva kokuba umqambi wafumana iindaba zokusweleka kukamama ngo-1851, isandla sakhe sasekunene sathatha. Umama wayeyimvumi le ndoda ikufutshane.
- I-Glinkada inokuba nabantwana. Imvumi yesithandwa ngo-1842 sakhulelwa. Umqambi ngeli xesha watshata ngokusemthethweni kwaye wayengenakuqhawula umtshato. Imvumi inike i-catherine icurne isixa esikhulu semali ekupheliseni i-chad. Umfazi oshiye phantse unyaka ukuya kwingingqi yePoltava. Ngokutsho kolunye lweenguqulelo, umntwana wazalwa, kuba i-ekaterina Conn yayilahlekile ixesha elide kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, iimvakalelo zemvumi yaphela, yashiya inkanuko. I-Glinka, xa ndisekupheleni kobomi bakhe, ndazisola kakhulu ukuba ndibuze uEkateretina ukuba ahlukane nomntwana.
- Imvumi yeminyaka emininzi yafuna uqhawulo-mtshato kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uMaria Ivanova, inomdla wokutshata neCatherine yakhe ethandekayo, kodwa yagqiba kwelokuba ishiye umtshato. Wayishiya inkanuko yakhe, woyika uxanduva olutsha. I-Ekaterina Conrn yayilinde iminyaka eli-10 ukuba umqambi abuyele kuye.