Biography
UAndrei Platenovich Platonov - I-Soviet Prose, i-Soviet, i-poet, yoobasiko, idlala. Uninzi lweyona misebenzi ibalaseleyo yombhali yapapashwa emva kokuba efile.
UAndrei Platonovich wazalwa ngo-Agasti 1899 kwi-YAMSK Sloboda (i-voronezh). Inkwenkwe yayilizibulo kusapho lwendibano kaloliwe. Utata wombhali wexesha elizayo, uPlathini Sersovich pilen, wayengumqhubi we-locomotive kunye nomchwephesha, walinika isihloko segorha lezisebenzi. Umama maria vasilysevna Lobochekina wayeyintombazana yentombazana. Emva komtshato, umfazi wayebandakanyeka emakhaya.
Intsapho yezihlalo yayinkulu. Ngobomi bakhe, uMaria Vasinevna wazala abantwana abalishumi elinanye. I-Plato Premovich ichithe phantse lonke ixesha lakhe kumasifundisane. Abantwana abadala abasuka emncinci banceda utata esenza imali ukuba yondle usapho.
Xa wayeneminyaka esixhenxe ubudala, uAndreyi wabhaliswa kwiSikolo seCawa-Parisi. Ngo-1909, inkwenkwe yangena kwisikolo seklasi yesine seSixeko. Ukusukela kwiminyaka eli-13 ubudala, umbhali wexesha elizayo waqalisa ukusebenza ngokuqesha. Lo mfana wazama ubugcisa obahlukeneyo, de kube seshumi elinesibhozo, wakwazi ukusebenza kwiindibano zocweyo ezininzi ze-voronezh.
Indalo
U-Andrei wakhwela kwiSikolo sikaloliwe ngo-1918. Ukugqiba uqeqesho kunye nomfana othile kuthintele imfazwe yamakhaya. U-Andrei, ixesha elitsha lobomi lifikile. Wayidlula imfazwe yamakhaya kwizikhundla zomkhosi obomvu. Uhlaselo luka-Okthobha lwaba yimpembelelo kulo mfana.
Ekuqaleni kwamashumi amabini, izithuba zitshintshe ifani kwaye zaqala ukusebenzisana nabahleli beemagazini ezahlukeneyo kunye namaphephandaba e-voronezh. Wazama yena njengembongi, obasesimolisi, gxeka, emgxeni. Ngo-1921, iNcwadi yokuqala ka-Andrei Platova ebizwa ngokuba "kuKhoqo" ipapashiweyo yapapashwa kwimagazini. Amabali akhe ngexesha elingaphambi kwexesha ahlulwe ngokuba nobukrakra. Ukutshintsha ithoni emsebenzini wombhali kwenzekile ngo-1921 emva kokudibana nomfazi ozayo.
Ngonyaka wokuzalwa kwe-platonov yakhe ikhuphe ingqokelela yemibongo "yobunzulu bobunzulu". Ngo-1926, umbhali uphumelele emsebenzini obhalwe ngesandla kwibali "EPINAANAY DESAYS". Ukufudukela eMoscow kunye nenxalenye yodumo oluthathwe ngumbhali. Kunyaka olandelayo kwakuneziqhamo kakhulu kwiPlatonov. Ukusuka phantsi kwentsiba yombhali, ibali elithi "IsiXeko", "Isixeko seThetheli", "I-Ether Tract", "Yliay Lamp", "Yumskaya Sloboda" Lit.
Imisebenzi yakhe ephambili yePlatonov yenzelwe ekuqaleni kwamashumi amathathu enkulungwane edluleyo. Ngo-1929, wagqiba umsebenzi kwinoveli "uCevengeur", kwaye ngo-1930-ngaphezulu kweamusi yentlalo "kotlovan". Ngexesha lobomi bombhali, le misebenzi ayipapashwa. Ulwalamano lwakhe ngamandla kunye noxinzelelo lwaluxakeke kakhulu. Umbhali uphendule kaninzi kwi-opal. Ibali "lekamva", epapashwe ngo-1931, yabangela ukunganeliseki kukaStalin. Ili nani lezopolitiko elifunwa ukuba lihlutha umbhali ithuba lokuprinta.
Ngo-1934, amandla egunya elibuthathaka kancinci. UPlatonov uhambe noogxa ngohambo oluyiNtloko le-Asia. Ukuphefumlelwa kweza kumbhali emva kokundwendwela i-Turkmenistan, kwaye wabhala ibali "Takik" kunokubangela i-cave entsha yokungavunyelwa nokugxeka. Xa uStalin efunda eminye yemisebenzi yasePlatonov, washiya amanqaku ngendlela yegama elingumbhali.
Ngaphandle kokungoneliseki kwabaphathi, umbhali wakwazi ukupapasha amabali akhe ngo-1936. Emva kokuqala kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi emsebenzini wakhe, indawo yemixholo yangaphambili yavela. Kumashumi amahlanu ePlatonov egxile ekuqhubeni ulwimi lwe-folk fairy.
Ubomi Buqu
UAndrei Platonov watshata iminyaka engama-22. Unyulo lwayo yayinguMaria Kashuseva. Intombazana yayiyinto yokuqala yombhali. Kwiminyaka emi-6 emva kokuqala kobomi bentsapho yasePlatonov, utitshala weSand Teita ", owanikeza iqabane. Imeko yayisekwe kwizibakala ezivela kwi-biography kaMary Alexandrovna.
Umfazi ozayo wombhali ngo-1921 washiyeka kwi-rostnd ukuphepha ubudlelwane nePlatonov. Oku 'kusibaleka kuthando' kwaye ulale phantsi ibali malunga notitshala. UMaria wayehlala kwiikhilomitha ezingamashumi amathandathu esivela esixekweni. Umbhali utyelele umtshakazi kabini okanye kathathu ngenyanga. Ekugqibeleni ukukhulelwa ekugqibeleni kwagqiba umbuzo wobudlelwane bakhe kunye nePlatonic. Umbhali ukuqhubeka kwakhe waqubisana nomtshato ngo-1921. Ngo-1922, uNyana wazalelwa usapho, inkwenkwe yabizwa ngokuba yiPlato ngokuzukisa utata wombhali.
Kwakuloo nyaka, umzalwana nodade wase-prosaik babulawa ngamakhowa etyhefu. Wafumana umgubo wokomoya, ehamba phakathi kolonwabo lobomi bomtshato kunye nentlungu yosapho. Umama wombhali akazange afumane ulwimi oluqhelekileyo kunye nomkhwenyana, uAndrei Petonovich wayekwimeko enzima. Akazange akwazi ukuchasana nabafazi ababini abaphambili ebomini bakhe.
Ngo-1929, eneminyaka engama-54, umama wokuzalwa kuka-prosaic wafa. Kwiminyaka esixhenxe emva kokuba efile, uPlatonov wabhala ibali 'lonyana wesithathu', elinikezelwe kuMaria ValinevV.
Ubomi bomzukulwana we-climens bajika baba mfutshane kwaye bebuhlungu. UPlato wayenento eninzi ebuntwaneni, wakhula ngamanqatha anethambile nabangalawulekiyo. Eneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, waya ejele. Ukuqukumbela, uPlato wagula ngesifo sephepha. Lo mfana wabhubha ekuthinjweni kweminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala. Ngaphambi nje kokuba afe uPlaton Andredich waba nguyise.
Ubomi bombhali bobuqu babonakaliswa kumsebenzi wePlatonov. Amagorha akhe ahlupheke naye, ethandana naye, wahlanya, wafa. UPlatonov waba nguMakhulu, kodwa ukuphulukana nonyana kwaphula intonga yakhe yangaphakathi.
Ngo-1944, uMaria Alexandrovna wagqiba kwelokuba abulawe ngumntwana. Intombi yombhali ibonakale i-Masha. IPlatonov ngelo xesha yayisele igula nge-charotka. Ifoto yeminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bombhali inika umbono ocacileyo wemeko yomphefumlo wakhe nomzimba wakhe.
Ukufa
Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, uAndrei Platevich kwi-Capt kaKapteni osebenze njengomnxibelelanisi wephephandaba "inkanyezi ebomvu". Umbhali wathathe inxaxheba kwimfazwe, engahlali phantsi emazantsi, wayethobekile kwindlu yejoni. Ngokutsho kwenye yeenguqulelo, iCachotka Platon yosulelekile emfazweni. Ubomi bejoni banceda umbhali ukuba aqokelele izixhobo amabali aphambi komgca kunye nezincoko ezishicilelwe kwimagazini "inkanyezi ebomvu".
Ngo-1943, ekuphela kukaNyana kaMbhali wafa. UPlatonov wamkhathalela ixesha elide, kodwa lo mfana akakwazanga ukuphola emva kokuba evalelwe. Ngokutsho kolunye lweenguqulelo, umbhali usuleleke sisifo sephepha esivela kuNyana.
Ngo-1946, uPlatonov wayedilizwa ngenxa yokugula. Kwakuloo nyaka, wagqiba umsebenzi kwibali lentsapho ye-Ivanov, eyavela kumaphephandaba abizwa ngokuba "buyela". Amaza abagxeki baphinda bagubungela iPlatonov entloko. Watyholwa ngokuhleba ngemfazwe ephumeleleyo kwaye watywina etywina.
Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bukaPlatonov kuye kwafuneka ukuba yenze umvuzo oza kubasebenzi bocalulo. Umsebenzi wombhali ugxile malunga nokuqhubela phambili kweentsomi. Umdla wokufumana iincwadi zabantwana wavela ePlatonov ngenxa yentombazana yakhe encinci. Ngo-1950, umbhali ugqibile ukusebenza kwintsomi "intyatyambo engaziwayo" kunye "nomsindo womlingo". Ngokusekwe kule misebenzi, uninzi lwabaninzi beSoviet badala iifilimu zokuphinda zenziwe ngokuphela kwamashumi asixhenxe.
Umbhali wobusika bowe-1951 wasweleka eMoscow esuka eChakhotka, wamngcwaba kumangcwaba aseArmenia. Ngo-1952, ubomi bobomi bukayise bobhali baphela. Umfazi kaPlatonov wasweleka ngo-1983, wasinda kwishumi leminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Intombi yabo yaseMaria noRreenevna yanikela khona emsebenzini wokupapashwa kwemisebenzi kaBawo. Uye wadala enye yeenguqulelo zebhayiloji yakhe.
Iincwadi zikaPlatonov zaqala ukupapashwa ngenkuthalo kwiminyaka engamashumi asibhozo enkulungwane yokugqibela. Imisebenzi yombhali ibangele ukuba kubekho umdla kwisizukulwana esitsha sabafundi. Ngo-2005, uMaria nondreevna wasweleka kwaye wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba aseArmenia.
I-Bibliography:
- Ngo-1920 - Ibali "Inkosi kunye nePishk"
- Ngo-1921 - Ibali "Shumar", Incwadana enemifanekiso "
- Ngo-1922-Incwadi yemibongo "Ubunzulu obuBlue"
- Ngo-1927 - "ISIXEKO SE-GRARS", "Indoda ye-Hydroy", "iThether Tract", "I-Sandy Sloboda" amabali, "I-STANEMICE I-TILY KILY KILIN
- Ngo-1929 - I-Nag "Chevengir"
- Ngo-1929 - amabali "ongumhlali", "I-Makar yobuqu"
- Ngo-1930- "Kotlovan", "sharmanca" (dlala)
- Ngo-1931 - "I-prourecle chronicle" "iqhinga", umdlalo "wevolthi ephezulu" kunye "ne-14 Hut Hut"
- Ngo-1934 - I-Tale ye "I-Tresh Evesta", "Ulwandle oluNjoni" kunye "noJan", ibali "Takik"
- Ngo-1936 - Unyana Okwesithathu 'kunye "Ukungafi"
- Ngo-1937 - Amabali "River Poogudan", "kwiLizwe elihle nelinogonyamelo", "Fro"
- Ngo-1939 - Ibali 'loMculo woMbane "
- Ngo-1942 - "Abantu Adlid" (Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali)
- Ngo-1943 - "Amabali Malunga neLizwe" (Ingqokelela yeBali)
- Ngo-1943 - "Armor" (Ingqokelela yeBali)
- Ngo-1945 -Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali "kwicala lokutshona kwelanga", ibali "Nikita"
- Ngo-1946 - ibali "Ivanova" ("Buyela")
- Ngo-1947 - Iincwadi "I-Figrist - Cacisa i-Falcon", "I-Bashkir Folk Tales"
- Ngo-1948 - "iqhekeza" Lyceum "
- Ngo-1950-I-Tale "intyatyambo engaziwayo"