Biography
I-Fzoodor Shalyapin - I-Opera yaseRussia kunye neChandeser mulyer. Ngamaxesha ohlukeneyo, wayengulolo kwindawo ye-Marinsky kunye neBolshoi Theatre, nakwi-Operapolitan opera. Ke ngoko, umsebenzi we-bass ye-lelendar waziswa ngokubanzi nangaphaya kwelizwe lakhe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Fede Ivanovich Shalyapin yazalelwa eKazan ngo-1873. Abazali bakhe babetyelele abantu abalingane. Utata ivan Yantovvich esuka kwiPhondo laseVyatka, wabandakanyeka kwi-vyatka kwiPhondo, wabandakanyeka kumsebenzi ongaqhelekanga - wayekhonza iileta kulawulo lwe-ZEMATVE. Kwaye u-Evakia Mikhailovna wayengumfazi wasekhaya.
Njengomntwana, i-feed kancinane ifihlekile, yinkosi awayethunyelwe kuyo kwikwayara yecawa, apho wafumana iziseko zolwazi lweeleta zomculo. Phezu kwako nje ukucula etempileni, utata wakhe wanika inkwenkwe ukuba iqeqeshe isigama.
Emva kokuba ugqibe iiklasi ezininzi zemfundo yamanqanaba aphezulu ngembeko, umfana uhamba emsebenzini njengombhali oncedisayo. Le minyaka i-Feer Shalyapin iyakukhumbula njengeyona nto ibalaseleyo ebomini bayo, kuba wayehluthwa eyona nto iphambili ebomini bakhe - ukucula, ukusukela ngelo xesha ilizwi lakhe lalinexhala lelizwi lako. Ke kuya kuba kwikhondo lomsebenzi oqengqelekayo walowo uvimba, ukuba ngenye imini akazange eze kwinkcazo-ntetho yendlu yaseKazan Opera. Umlingo wobugcisa ngonaphakade wazithimba iintliziyo zomfana, kwaye uthatha isigqibo sokutshintsha umsebenzi.
Kwiminyaka eyi-16, uFeder Shalyapin nge-bass sele egqibile ukumamela kwindlu ye-opera, kodwa ngempazamo yokuqhekeka. Emva koko, wongeza kwiqela elimangalisayo leV. B. ISerebyayovov, apho wathathwa khona kwisithuba se-ATRIR.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, amaqela avakalayo abizwa ngokuba ngumfana. Emva konyaka, uSwer Shalyapain wazalisekisa ibhetri ye-zaretsky evela kwi-opera "Eugene Union". Kodwa kutshelwa oosomama othengisayo, akalibaziseki ixesha elide kwaye emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, i-chorister icwangciswe kwi-troup pe. Se. Semenova-samarava, oshiya i-UFA.
Ukanti i-shalyapin ihlala ineetalente ozifundiswayo, emva kokuba amatyala aliqela awaphumelelayo afumana ukuzithemba okubonakalayo. Imvumi eselula imenyiwe kwiholo yemidlalo yeqonga e-Mander kwiMalolus phantsi kobunkokeli bukaG. I. Der dar dach, enza inombolo yeqela lokuqala elijikeleze ilizwe. Ukuhamba kukhokelela eShalyapin ekugqibeleni kwi-tiflis (ngoku - tbhwini).
Kwikomkhulu laseGeorgia, imvumi enetalente iqalisa utitshala kwi-vocal Dmiry yase-USATOV, kwixa elidlulileyo i-tenor ye-bolshoi theatre. Uthatha ilungiselelo elipheleleyo lomfana osweleyo kwaye wenza naye. Ngokuhambelana nezifundo, iChaliapin isebenza ngumdlali weqela labasebenzi kwindlu ye-opera yendawo.
Umculo
Ngo-1894, uFyodor Shalyapin ungene kwinkonzo yethiyetha yase-Imperial yeSt. Petersburg, kodwa umgubo, ulawula apha, uqalisa ukuzama ngokukhawuleza. Ngengozi eyonwabileyo kwenye yeendlela zokudlala, ubona umxhamli uSavva Mamontov kwaye uyayigcina imvumi kwithiyela yakhe. Ukufumana okuncinci kwiitalente, impatho ifumana amanqaku kumacangci aselula afanelekileyo. Ubonelela nge-perdo ivanovich inkululeko kwiqela lakhe.
Ngexesha lomsebenzi kwi-Mammont Chaulin Thupe, ityhila amandla akhe ezwi kunye nobugcisa. Uyawaxabela onke amaqela e-orhed yaseRussia, enjenge-Pskovsian, Sadoko, "uMozart", "i-Mermad", "ubomi bokumkani" noHovinshchina "kunye" noHovinshchina ". Intsebenzo yakhe yendima yeMephistople e-Fausta Charles Gudo isekhona kwisalathiso. Emva koko, wancoma umfanekiso ofanayo kwi-Aria yase-Aria "Mefisktofel" kwi "La Spala" yemidlalo yaseburhulumenteni.
Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, uShalyapin uvela kwakhona kwizakhelo zamaMariins, kodwa sele ifana ne-solo. Ngemidlalo yeqonga leMetropolitan, ukhungula iYurophu, uyawa kwindawo yedolophu yaseMetropolitan-opera eNew York, ukuba angazithethi rhoqo kwiMoscow, kwithiyetha enkulu. Ijikelezwe yi-bass edumileyo, ungawubona wonke umbala okwi-Eliced ixesha lokudala: I. Kabrin, M. Korovin, S. Rakninov, iimvumi zase-Italiyane kunye ne-Caruso. Iifoto zigcinwe apho ifakwe khona ecaleni komhlobo wakhe osenyongweni iMaxim gorky.
Ngo-1905, i-ferr shalyapin ihlonitshwe ngemidlalo yedwa ezonwabisayo, ngubani ocula nothando kunye neengoma ze-Dubinushka, "kwi-Petersburg" nabanye. Zonke iindlela zale mvumbi zibingelela ngeemfuno zabasebenzi. Iikonsathi ze-maeesro zaguquka zaba ziziganeko zezopolitiko ezikumgangatho we-Fyoodor Ivanovich yayizukiswa i-Soviet amandla. Ukongeza, ubuhlobo kunye nombhali wokuqala we-protalim gork wakhusela usapho lweShalyapin ukusuka kwintshabalalo ngexesha loyilo lweSoviet.
Emva kovukelo, urhulumente omtsha nyula i-Fyoodor Ivanovich ithisi yethiyetha yaseMariinsky kunye namarhola umxholo womculi we-RSFRR we-RSFSR ye-RSFSR ye-RSFSR ye-RSFSR ye-RSFSR ye-RSFSR ye-RSFSR. Kodwa kumgangatho omtsha, imvumi esebenze ixesha elide, kuba wafudukela kwintsapho yakhe kwintsapho yakhe njengomda wentlahla yokuqala yolwandle ngo-1922. Akusekho kwavela kwindawo yeSoviet. Emva kweminyaka, urhulumente waseSoviet uhlutha i-shalyapin isihloko sobugcisa babantu be-RSFRR.
I-biography yendalo yeFyodor Shalyapin ayingomsebenzi wakhe welizwi kuphela. Ukongeza kokucula, umculi onetalente wakuthanda ukupeyinta kunye nokukrola. Ubuye wedwa kwi-cinema. Wafumana indima ye-Ivan yegama elifanayo legama lika-Alexander Ivanov-Gaya wegama elifanayo, kwaye naye wathabatha ifilimu yomlawuli waseGeorge Wilsta "wazalisekisa i-chaliapin", apho iChaalipin izalisekisile eyona nto iphambili Indima ye-Wrestler edumileyo enemimoya.
Ubomi Buqu
Ndikunye nomfazi wokuqala, uShalyapin wadibana ebutsheni, ngelixa usebenza kwi-Mamontov Theatre ye-Mamontov. Intombazana yabizwa ngokuba yiOla Torniga, yayiyi-ballerina yemvelaphi yase-Itali. Ngaphandle kobushushu kunye nempumelelo kwabafazi, imvumi eselula yagqiba kwelokuba ibe ngumtshato njengomfazi onobunkunkqele.
Kwiminyaka engapheliyo yeJapan, u-Iola wazala uFyodor Shalyapin abantwana abathandathu. Kodwa nkqu nentsapho enjalo ayizange igcinwe i-ivanovich evela kwiinguqu ezisisiseko ebomini.
Ukuba kwinkonzo kwithiyetha ye-Imperial, kwafuneka aphile rhoqo eSt. Petersburg, apho waqala khona usapho lwesibini. Ekuqaleni, kunye nomfazi wakhe wesibini, uMaria Petzold Feder Ivanovich wadibana ngokufihlakeleyo, njengoko wayetshatile. Kodwa emva koko bazala ukuhlala kunye, kwaye uMaria wazalela abantwana abaninzi.
Ubomi obubini bomculi buyaqhubeka de uhambe eYurophu. Ekukhenketho, iCharicantin enobukrelekrele ishiye intsapho yesibini, kwaye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, abantwana abahlanu bafika eParis ukuya kwiParis kumtshato wokuqala.
Ukusuka kwintsapho enkulu ye-ferdo kwi-USSR, inkosikazi yakhe yokuqala i-Iola i-Isla i-Iertievna kunye nentombazana endala i-IRINA yahlala. Aba bafazi baba ngabagcini benkumbulo yeSiculi se-opera kwilizwe labo. Ngo-1960, iOli yaseIola yakudala negugulayo i-terigagi yafudukela eRoma, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ihambe, waguqukela kumphathiswa we-futherine furseva isicelo se-fulyapin kwikhaya labo kwi-novinsky boulevard.
Ukufa
Ukhenketho lokugqibela lwamazwe aseMpuma Ekude, uShalyapin wangena phakathi kwe-30s. Inika iikonsathi ezingaphezu kwe-SUS ezingama-50 kwizixeko zaseTshayina naseJapan. Emva koko, ukubuyela kwiParis, umzobi akazange afune.
Ngo-1937, oogqirha bavalelwa ukuba wayenesifo seGazi leGazi: unyaka wobomi uhlala uCharilin.
I-bass enkulu yafa kwindlu yaseParis ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli 1938. Ixesha elide, uthuli lwakhe lwangcwatyelwa kumhlaba waseFrance, kwaye kuphela ngo-1984, kwisicelo sikaSala Chaliapina, izidumbu zayo zatshintshelwa kwingcwaba le-novodovy eleskyury.
Liyinyaniso elokuba, ababhali-mbali abaninzi bakukhumbula ukusweleka kukaFyodor Shalyapin kunokuba ungaqhelekanga. Kwaye ugqirha kwelinye ilizwi lathi i-leukemia ene-hedgehog enjalo i-bodium kwaye kwiminyaka enjalo inqabile kakhulu. Kukho ubungqina bokuba emva kokhenketho kwiMpuma Ekude, imvumi ye-opera eParis yabuya kwimeko ebuhlungu kwaye inomhlobiso "ongaqhelekanga. Oogqirha bathintela ukuba i-neoplasms ivele ityhefu nge-isotope okanye i-phenol. Umbuzo yinto eyenzekileyo kwiChaliapin kutyelelo, kwaye umbhali-mbali walapha wamiswa eKazan Rovell Kasshapov.
Indoda ikholelwa ukuba i-skialyalin "isuse" amandla eSoviet njengento engafanelekanga. Ngasihlandlo sithile, wala ukubuyela ekhaya, kunye nayo yonke into, ngombingeleli wobuOthodoki walungiselela uncedo lwezinto ezilahlekileyo zaseRussia. EMoscow, isenzo sakhe sabizwa ngokuba siguqukele ngokuchaseneyo, sijolise ekuxhaseni ukufuduka kwam. Emva kokubuya okubuyayo, akusekho ntetho.
Kungekudala imvumi yajoyina amandla okungqubana. Incwadi yakhe ethi "Imbali yoBomi bam" yayishicilelwe ngabapapashi bamanye amazwe, kwaye bafumana imvume yemvume kumbutho weSoviet "Incwadi Yemisebenzi". I-Shalyapina ibalaseleyo ukulahlwa kwelungelo lokulahla inkululeko, kwaye wafaka intendelezo eyayalela ukuba imbuyekezo i-USSR ukuba ihlawule imali yemali. Ewe kunjalo, eMoscow, oku kuthathwa njengezenzo ezinobutshaba ngemvumi echasene neSoviet State.
Kwaye ngo-1932 wabhala incwadi ethi "Imaski kunye noMphefumlo" waza wayipapasha eParis. Kuyo, i-persor ivanovich kwifom enzima ithethe ngokunxulumene nengcali ye-bolshevism, kumandla eSoviet kwaye ngakumbi kuJoseph Vissin.
Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, uShalyapin wabonisa ulumkiso oluphezulu kunye nabantu abakrokrisayo kwigumbi lakhe aluzange luvumele. Kodwa ngo-1935, imvumi yafumana umnikelo kwintlangano yotyelelo eJapan nase China. Kwaye ngexesha lokhenketho e-China, ngokungalindelekanga ngenxa ye-ivanovich, unikelwe ukuba anike ikhonsathi eHarbin, nangona ekuqaleni ukusebenza akucwangciswa khona. I-Kasshapov Kaspov yengingqi ye-Kaspov iqinisekile ukuba kukho ugqirha waseWielzon, owayehamba ne-shalyapin kulo mjikelo, wanikwa isilinda ye-aerosol enento yetyhefu.
I-Fedri Ivatoriator, iGeorges de Felinsky, ibanga ukuba ngaphambi kokuba intetho, i-Witzon ihlole umqala wentshuluneli kwaye, ngaphandle kwento yokuba ifezeke kakhulu. " U-Harzinsky waxelela ukuba ukhenketho olunye lwabanjwa ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yempilo ebanzi ye-shalyapin.
NgoFebruwari ngo-2018, iminyaka eli-145 ubudala ukusukela ngokuzalwa kwemvumi enkulu yaseRussia. Kwindlu yendlu ye-shalyapin kwi-Novinsky Boulevard eMoscow, apho i-Fyodor Ivanovich ihlala nosapho lwakhe ukusukela ngo-1910, abathandekayo bendalo baqhubela phambili iminyaka yakhe yakhe.
Aria.
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