Biography
I-Vincent Van Gogh yithayile yeNetherlands, omnye wabameli abaqaqambileyo bokuposa. Usebenze kakhulu kwaye enenxuwa: iminyaka elishumi neminyaka emishumi, yadala imisebenzi emininzi kangangokuba nomnye wabathengisi abadumileyo bengekabikho. Ubhale imizobo kunye nemiboniso yokuzibona, imihlaba, imihlaba, i-creyses, amasimi engqolowa kunye nojongilanga.
Umculi wazalwa kufutshane nomda osemazantsi weNetherlands kwilali yase-Groftz-süntert. Esi siganeko kusapho lomfundisi uTheodora van Gogh nenkosikazi yakhe u-Anna Carbia wenzekile ngoMatshi 30, 1853., bekukho abantwana abathandathu kwintsapho yaseVan Gogov. UMzalwan 'uMntwana uTheo ngalo lonke ixesha lobomi bakhe wanceda ukuphumelela, wathatha inxaxheba kwindanda yakhe enzima.
Kusapho, uVincent wayengumntwana onzima, ongenakuthethisa izinto ezithile, wayedla ngokomohlwaywa. Ngaphandle kwendlu, ngokuchaseneyo, kwakukhangeleka, nzulu kwaye kuthulekile. Phantse ayizange idlale abantwana. Abanye abantu belali bamjonga njengomntwana othobekileyo, onobuhlobo nonobubele nobubele obunobubele. Kwiminyaka eyi-7, wanikwa isikolo seLali, unyaka kamva, bathabatha apho bafundise ekhaya, ekuweni konyaka we-1864 amakhwenkwe aya kusiwa kwisikolo sokubhoda eZewenbergen.
Ukuhamba kwamanzi amdaka umphefumlo wenkwenkwe kwaye ubangele ukubandezeleka okuninzi. Ngo-1866 idluliselwe kwenye isikolo. UVincent unikwe iilwimi ngokufanelekileyo, apha ufumana izakhono zokuqala zomzobo. Ngo-1868 embindini wonyaka wesikolo, uphosa isikolo aze ashiye ikhaya. Imfundo yakhe iya kuphela kule. Ukhumbula ngobuntwana bakhe njengento ebandayo kunye nobugqwirha.
Ngokwesiko, isizukulwane se-van Gogov sizimisele amanqanaba amabini omsebenzi: Ukurhweba kwimizobo kunye nomsebenzi wecawe. UVincent uzakuzama ke, nokuba ngumshumayeli, nomrhwebi, owenza umsebenzi wakhe. Ukufezekisa impumelelo ethile, uyala enye, engcwalisa ubomi bakhe kunye nepeyinti yakhe yonke.
Ukuqala kwe-Drier
Ngo-1868, umfana oneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ubudala ungena kwisebe leNkampani ye-ART "Gupil kunye neCo." eHague. Umsebenzi olungileyo kunye nokufuna ukwazi, uthunyelwa kwisebe laseLondon. Kwiminyaka emibini, eyathi i-vincent yayihlala eLondon, iba ngusomashishini okwenyani kunye nengcali kwi-Eneraner Erovings, iikowutini kunye ne-Dickens nase-Eliota, i-Eliota, i-Glos ibonakala kuyo. UVan Gogh ulindele ithemba lomkomishinara oBini weCandelo eliPhezulu le "Mipily" eParis, apho afanele ahambe khona.
Ngo-1875 kukho imicimbi etshintshe ubomi bakhe. Kwileta eya kwi-Theo, ubiza imeko yakhe "enentlungu." Umkhangeli webhayiloji yebhayoloji ucebisa ukuba unobangela welizwe elinjalo lothando olugatyayo. Yayingubani into yothando, engaziwa ncam. Kungenzeka ukuba le nguqulo iphosakele. Ukudluliselwa eParis akukuncedisi ukutshintsha imeko. Waphola "ukuya" yiya "kwaye wagxothwa.
Umsebenzi weTeology kunye noMfundisi
Ukukhangela ngokwabo, uVincent uvunyiwe kwindawo yakhe. Ngo-1877, wafudukela kuMalume uJohannes eAmsterdam kwaye elungiselela ukwamkelwa kwi-faculty yezamlo. Esikolweni, uyadaniswa, aphosa iiklasi nokuhamba. Umnqweno wokukhonza abantu umkhokelela kwisikolo sobufundisi. Ngo-1879, ufumana isikhundla soMshumayeli kwi-vime emazantsi eBelgium.
Ufundisa umthetho kaThixo kwiziko lemigodi eBoring, inceda iintsapho zabasebenzi, zibonisa abaguli, zifundisa abantwana, zifunde iintshumayelo, ukuba umvuzo uhambisa amakhadi ePalestina. Uya kuhlala entweni esibi, etya emanzini nesonka, elele phantsi, evavanye ngokwasemzimbeni. Ukongeza, unceda abasebenzi ukukhusela amalungelo alo.
Abasemagunyeni basekhaya bamsusa e-ofisini, njengoko bengamkeli imisebenzi yobundlobongela kunye nokugqithisa. Ngeli xesha, utsala uninzi lwabasebenzi, abafazi babo nabantwana.
Ukuqulunqwa komculi
Ukusuka kude noxinzelelo olunxulumene neziganeko kwi-pateurge, iVan Gegh izibongozo zokupeyinta. UMzalwan 'uToo uyamxhasa, kwaye etyelela i-Academy yezoBugcisa. Kodwa ngonyaka uyafunda kwaye uhamba kubazali, eqhubeka esenza ngokwabo.
Phinda uwa eluthandweni. Ngeli xesha kumzala wam. Iimvakalelo zakhe aziyifumani mpendulo, kodwa uqhubeka nokuziinkululeko kunokubangela ukuba ukucaphukisa izalamane ezaze bamcela ukuba ahambe. Ngenxa yokothusa okutsha, uyala ubomi bakhe, emkile eHague ukuba apeyinti. Apha uthatha izifundo ku-Anton Mauwe, usebenze kakhulu, ubukele ubomi basezidolophini, ikakhulu kwiindawo ezingalunganga. Ufunda "ikhosi" kaCharles Barga, iikopi zelithagraph. Ukuxuba ukuxuba kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-canvas, ukufuna imibala enomdla kwimisebenzi.
Kwakhona uzama ukwenza usapho kunye nomfazi wasesitratweni okhulelweyo odibana naye esitratweni. Ibhinqa elinabantwana liye kuye kwaye lingumzekelo kumculi. Ngenxa yezi mpikiswano kunye nezalamane nabahlobo. UVincenthe uthe wonwabile, kodwa engade ade. Isimo esinzima se-teageagent samguqula ubomi bakhe bube bubusuku, baqhekeka.
Umculi uya kwiphondo lase-Dredhe ukuya e-North Netherlands, ahlala kwindawo yokuma indilo, ebhala phantsi kweworkshop, ebhala imihlaba, amaqela emisebenzi yakhe nobomi. Kwakungoko i-Van Gegh, kunye nokuGcina, kodwa inokubizwa ngokuba yinyani. Ukunqongophala kwemfundo yemfundo kuchaphazele inani layo, ekuguquleni umfanekiso wamanani abantu.
Uye kubazali bakhe ukuya e-Nyuen, azoba kakhulu. Ngeli thuba lamakhulu emizobo kunye nemizobo eyenzelwe. Ngaxeshanye nobuchule, ukupeyinta nabafundi, ufunda kakhulu kwaye uthathe izifundo zomculo. Izifundo zomsebenzi wexesha laseDatshi ngabantu abalula kunye neziganeko ezibhalwe ngendlela evakalayo kunye nobukhulu becala lePalette emnyama, iithowuni ezingevayo. Ubuchule beli xesha buquka ukuba kupeyinteka "Betertato Eter" (1885), ebonisa imeko yobomi babahlali.
Ixesha leParis
Emva kokungahambi kakuhle i-vincent uthatha isigqibo sokuphila kwaye udale eParis, apho ahamba khona ukuphela kukaFebruwari 1886. Apha ifumaneka nomfundisi wegalari yobugcisa. Ubomi obugcisa beli xesha le-French eli xesha babetha isitshixo.
Umboniso we-veloxicy kwi-Lafit Street iba sisiganeko esibalulekileyo. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, i-xingak kunye ne-sulfur iboniswa apho, eyayiphethe intshukumo yendibano, yaphawula inqanaba lokugqibela lokujonga. Ukunyanzelwa yinguqu kwi-ART etshintshile indlela yokupeyinta, enike iindlela zobuchule zemfundo kunye neeplati. Imbono yokuqala ibekwe entlokweni yekona, imibala ecocekileyo, kunikwa okukhethiweyo kwipeyinti kwiPleinarier.
EParis, uVan Gogh uthatha umzalwana uTheo, esomelela endlwini yakhe, wazisa amagcisa. Kumasifundisane womculi-wesiko lemveli uFernan Korton, udibana noToulouse-Lotrek, Emil Bernar noLouis Antrnante. Imbono entle kuyo ipeyintikisi kwaye iposti icinga. EParis, wayelikhoboka le-absinathe kwaye wabhala uBomi ngesi sihloko.
Ithuba leParis (1886-1888) wayeneziqhamo kakhulu, ingqokelela yomsebenzi wayo iphinde yenziwa nge-230 yamanqilekileyo. Yayilixesha lokukhangela itekhnoloji, ukufundisisa imikhwa yobuchule yokupeyinta yanamhlanje. Unembonakalo entsha yokupeyinta. Eyona ndlela yokwenyani ithathelwa indawo yindlela entsha, ebaluleke kakhulu kwimpembelelo kunye nokuphuthiswa, eziboniswe kukuphakama neentyatyambo kunye nemihlaba.
Umzalwana wazisa ngabameli abacacileyo kule ndawo: Camille Pissarra, eClaude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir nabanye. Nabahlobo babo, amagcisa ahlala esiya kwi-tenaling. I-palette yakhe iya kukhanyisa, iqaqambe, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha ijika ibe sisiphithiphithi, uphawu lomsebenzi wakhe kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
EParis, uVan Gogh uqhagamshelane kakhulu, utyelela iindawo ezihamba apho abantakwabo baya khona. ETaMbourin, wenza incinci kunye ne-hostess yakhe ye-odstoss ye-odystyle, eyathi yathumela i-tuges. Ngaye, ubhala umzobo etafileni kwi-cafe kunye nemisebenzi eliqela kwisitayile se nu. Enye indawo yokuhlangana yayiyibhentshi yootata Tangi, apho iipende kunye nezinye izinto zegcisa zathengiswa. Apha, njengamanye amaziko amaninzi, amagcisa abonakalise umsebenzi wabo.
Iqela leeBoulevards ezincinci zenziwa, eliquka iVan Gogh kunye namaqabane akhe angafikeleleki ezindaweni eziphakamileyo, njengoko iinkosi zee-boulevards ezinkulu zidume kwaye zamkelwa. Umoya wokuvavanywa kunye nengxwabangxwaba elawula eParis Society yelo xesha, kuba umntu ovuthayo ongenangqondo kwaye ongaguqukiyo akanyamezeleki. Ufika kwiimbambano, iingxabano kwaye zenza isigqibo sokushiya imali.
Indlebe evuthayo
NgoFebruwari 1888, uya kushumayela kwaye atyeshele umphefumlo wakhe wonke. I-TheO Surnssors ingumzalwana, ukumthumela ngama-250 francs ngenyanga. Ngombulelo, uVincent uthumela imizobo yakhe kumntakwabo. Isusa amagumbi amane ehotele, iyondla kwi-cafe, abanini babahlobo bakhe kunye nethemba lokupeyinta.
Ukufika komculi wasentwasahlobo ocothwe ngumazantsi elanga, imithi yokuqhuma. Uyayivuyela imibala eqaqambileyo kunye nokungafihli komoya. Iingcamango zempembelelo zihamba kancinci, kodwa zihlala zithembekile kwi-palette yokukhanya kunye nokupeyinta kwiPlenethi. Imisebenzi etyheli etyheli, ifumana i-radiary ekhethekileyo evela kubunzulu.
Ukusebenza ebusuku kwi-venier, lungisa amakhandlela kwisigqoko kunye ne-sketchik, ikhanya umsebenzi wayo ngale ndlela. Le yindlela ipeyinti yakhe "inkanyezi yenkanyezi eRona" kunye "ne-cafe" ebusuku "yabhalwa. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo iba yindawo yentsimi yeGavon, eya kuthi i-vincent imenyiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Indawo yokuhlala edibeneyo neneziqhamo iphela iphela ngeengxabano kunye nokugqogqa. Intembelo, iGauguckic Gaugugen yayiyeyona nto ichasene ngqo ne-van goghh.
I-Epilogo yeli bali iba sisimo esikhawulezayo sobudlelwane ngaphambi kwe-christmas 1888, xa uVincent wayeka indlebe yakhe. UGanigen, woyika ukuba uhlaselo luhlangane kuye, lwanyamalala ehotele. UVincent usongele i-quary yendlebe yendlebe kwaye wayithumela kumdlalo wabo oqhelekileyo-umhenyukazi uRakeli. Kwi-puddle yegazi, wafumanisa ukuba wayephethe naye. Inxeba liya kuphinda liphile ngokukhawuleza, kodwa impilo yokomoya ibuyele kwibhedi yesibhedlele.
Ukufa
Abemi baseAryoy baqala ukoyika ummi ngokungathandi. Ngo-1889, babhala uxwebhu lwezikhalazo ngemfuneko yokubasindisa kwi "Mud Madman." UVincent uyayazi ingozi yemeko yakhe kwaye ngokuzithandela uya esibhedlele sika-St. Rul Maulzlian eSaunt-Remy. Ngexesha lonyango, uvunyelwe ukuba abhale esitratweni phantsi kweliso labasebenzi bezonyango. Ke ibisebenza ngemigca efana ne-teestic wave kunye ne-wistry ("ubusuku beenkwenkwezi", "indlela enemithi yeCypys kunye neNkwenkwezi").
ESaint-Reme, ixesha lemisebenzi yobundlobongela ithathelwa indawo kukuphazamiseka okude okubangelwa kukudakumba. Ngexesha lokuxinana, uginya ipeyinti. Ngaphandle kokuvusa rhoqo kwesi sifo, i-Theo i-ITon inegalelo lokuthatha kwakhe inxaxheba kwi-Senton Salon ezimeleyo kwiParis. NgoJanuwari 1890, uVincent uveza "iidiliya ezibomvu kwi-Arle" kwaye azithengisa ngee-francs ezingamakhulu amane e-fracs, esiyisixa esihle. Yayikuphela komfanekiso othengisiweyo ebomini.
Uvuyo lwakhe lwalungenakulinganiswa. Umculi akazange ayeke ukusebenza. Impumelelo "yezidiliya 'zaphefumlelwa nguMkhulu KaYo. Ibonelela ngeepeyinti ze-vincent, kodwa iqala ukubatyisa. NgoMeyi 1890, umzalwana uthethathethwano ngonyango lwe-nyangopist-ihenyukazi uGqr. Gesha malunga nonyango lwe-vincent kwikliniki yakhe. Ugqirha ngokwakhe uyakuthanda ukuzoba, ngoko ke kuyakuvuyela ukwamkelwa kunyango lomculi. UVincent ukufuphi ne-gasha, ubona umntu onobubele nonethemba elithile kuyo.
Kwinyanga kamva, iVan Gogh ivunyelwe ukuba ihambe eParis. Umzalwana uyadibana naye akathandi kakhulu. Unengxaki yemali, intombi igula kakhulu. UVincent, ukwamkelwa okunje kukwamkelwa ngokulinganayo, uyaqonda ukuba kunokwenzeka, kwaye ebesoloko enengxaki yomthwalo. Uyothukile, ubuyela ekliniki.
Nge-27 kaJulayi, njengesiqhelo, iguqukele ukuze ithande, kodwa ingabuyi ukuba ne-Ethale, kodwa inebhulethini esifubeni. Ibhulethini ikhutshwe kumpu wangena elugcinweni wemka entliziyweni. Umculi wabuyela kwindawo yokuhlala walala ebhedini. Ukulala ebhedini, emva koko watshaya ifowuni. Kwakubonakala ngathi inxeba lalungamenzakalisile.
I-Haache yabangela i-teo kwi-telegraph. Ngokukhawuleza wafika, waqalisa ukumqinisekisa lo mzalwana ukuba angamnceda ukuba akuyomfuneko ukuba ilahlekelwe lithemba. Ukuphendula, eli binzana lavakala lisithi: "Usizi luya kuhlala luhleli." Umculi wasweleka nge-29 kaJulayi, nge-1890 kwisiqingatha sobusuku besibini. Wangcwatyelwa kwidolophu kaMariya ngoJulayi 30.
Uninzi lwabahlobo bakhe - abahlobo bakhe bafika nomcubi. Iindonga zegumbi zazixhonywe kwimizobo yakhe yokugqibela. UGqr. U-Haache wayefuna ukutsho intetho, kodwa ndikhale kakhulu kangangokuba ndakwazi ukuthetha amazwi ambalwa, eyona nto ihla iye kweza kwinto yokuba uVincent wayengumculi omkhulu kunye nobugcisa obungaphezulu Konke ukuba ibuye imbuyisele, ize izelwe igama elithi igama lakhe.
Umntakwabo womculi temo van gogh wayengengeenyanga ezintandathu kamva. Akazange azixolele ngokuxabana nomntakwabo. Ukuphelelwa lithemba, awabelana naye nonina akanyamezeleki, kwaye uyagula sisifo esothusayo. Yiloo nto ayibhalileyo kwileta yonina emva kokusweleka komntakwabo:
"Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza usizi lwam, njengoko kungenakwenzeka ukuba ufumane intuthuzelo. Olu lusizi oluya kuhlala kwaye lusiya kulo, olungelulo, alusoze luphele ndiyaphila. Ekuphela kwento enokuthethwa nguye ngokwakhe wafumana uxolo awayefunwa ngalo ... ubomi babengumthwalo onzima kuye, kodwa ngoku, njengoko kunjalo, wonke umntu uncoma italente yakhe ... Owu, mama! Wayengowam, umkhuluwa wam. "
Kwaye le yileta yokugqibela yeViencent, ebhalwe nguye emva kokuxabana:
"Kubonakala kum ukuba ngenxa yokuba wonke umntu uxakekile kwaye ngaphandle kokuxakeka, akukho mfuneko yokuba ufumane bonke ubudlelwane. Ndamangaliswa kancinci ukuba ungangxami ukuba ufuna ukhawulezisa iziganeko. Ndinganceda njani, kunokuba ndenze ntoni ukuze ndikulungele? Ngapha koko, engqondweni, ndicinezela ngokuqinileyo izandla zakho, nangona kunjalo, ndakuvuyela ukukubona nonke. Ungaqinisekanga. "Ngo-1914, iintsalela zeTheo Wooflow waligatya ecaleni kwengcwaba likaVincent.
Ubomi Buqu
Esona sizathu sokugula ngengqondo kuka-Van Gogh sinokusilela kwakhe ubomi, akazange azifumane iqabane lobomi. Ukuhlaselwa kokuqala kwethemba kwethemba emva kokusilela kwendlu yendodakazi yakhe i-Uussula Loussula Loussula Loussula, apho wayethandana ngasese. Isindululo sivakalise ngokungalindelekanga, sothuka intombazana, yaye wala.
Ibali laphindaphindwa nge-Kuzina Kuzina Kiina Ki isiphako, kodwa ngeli xesha vincent igqiba kwelokuba anganikezeli. Umfazi akakhathali. Kutyelelo lwesithathu kwizalamane ezithandekayo, uyasiyasa isandla sakhe kwikhandlela ledangatye, ethembisa ukuyigcina loo nto de wanika imvume yakhe ukuba ibe ngumfazi wakhe. Ngalo mthetho, ekugqibeleni waqiniseka ukuba utata wentombazana ukuba uqhubana nomntu ongenampilo ngengqondo. Okungakumbi kumsitho akazange aqalise kuye kwaye athetha nje ekhaya.
Ukungoneliseki kwe-sexy kubonakalisiwe kwimeko yakhe yovalo. UVincent uqala njengehenyukazi, ngakumbi ingaba mncinci kakhulu kwaye ayimhle kakhulu, anokunyusa. Kungekudala uyayeka ukukhetha kwihenyukazi elikhulelweyo, elihlala linentombi eneminyaka emi-5. Emva kokuzalwa koNyana, uVincent ubotshelelwe ebantwaneni kwaye ucinga ukutshata.
Eli bhinqa labangela umculi kwaye wayehlala naye malunga nonyaka. Ngenxa yakhe, kwafuneka aphathwe kwi-gonorrhea. Ubudlelwane buye buyeyonakalisi ekugqibeleni xa umzobi wabona indlela ecekeceke ngayo, ukhohlakele, rhabaxa, ngokwahlukileyo. Emva kokuyalela inenekazi elingena kwiiklasi zakhe langaphambili, kwaye van Gogh washiya uHague.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uVincent ulandele ibhinqa elineminyaka engama-41 ubudala elinguMargo hymann. Wayengumculi wasemmelwaneni eNeenen kwaye wayefuna ngokwenene ukutshata. UVan Gogh, endaweni yobubele, uyavuma ukutshata naye. Abazali abavumeli ukuvuma lo mtshato. UMargo phantse akazange benze ubomi, kodwa ke uVan goGh wayisindisa. Kwithuba elilandelayo, unenxibelelwano ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga, utyelela izindlu zikawonke-wonke kwaye uphathwe kwizifo ze-venereal amaxesha ngamaxesha.