Biography
I-Shotakovich Dmittery Dmitrich - i-piemit pierist, umntu onguvulindlela, utitshala, uGqirha wembali yobugcisa, oyena mntu wabaqeshwa be-USSR yenkulungwane yama-20.
I-Dmittra iShotakovich yazalwa ngoSeptemba 1906. Inkwenkwe yayinoodade ababini. Intombazana endala i-DMIMMICY Boleavovich kunye noSophia Vasnedevna Shostakovichi obizwa ngokuba nguMaria, wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 1903. Udade wasemhlamvu wafumana igama likaZoya emva kokuzalwa. Thanda umculo shotakovich apho wazuza kubazali bakhe. Yena nodadewabo babengumculo. Abantwana kunye nabazali basemncinci bathatha inxaxheba kwiikonsathi zasekhaya eziphuculweyo.
I-Dmittra Shotakovich Ukusukela ngo-1915 wafunda kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, kwangaxeshanye waqalisa ukuya kwizifundo kwisikolo somculo wabucala odumileyo we-Ignatia Albertovich glatsercovich glarser. Ukufundisisa imvumi edumileyo, i-shotakovich ifumene izakhono ezilungileyo ze-pianist, kodwa umcebisi akazange afundise ezorakhi, kwaye umfana kwakufuneka enze ngokwakhe.
I-DMIMMIY ukhumbula ukuba i-glacsser yayiyindoda enesidima, i-narcissive kunye nokuhluthwa. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, umfana oselula wagqiba kwelokuba ashiye isifundo, nangona umama ngeendlela zonke ezithintelayo oku. I-Shotakovich, kwanasesencinci, khange azitshintshe izigqibo zaza zashiya isikolo somculo.
Kwimemori yakhe, umqambi wakhankanya isiganeko esinye sika-1917, esaphuka kakhulu kwinkumbulo. Kwiminyaka eli-11 ubudala, i-shotakovich yabona i-cossack eyasasaza indimbane yabantu, yatshabalalisa i-haber yenkwenkwe. Emncinci, iDhimiry, ukukhumbula lo mntwana, wabhala umdlalo obizwa ngokuba "nguhambo lokuzila lwenkumbulo yamaxhoba."
Imfundo
Ngo-1919, i-shotakovich yaba ngumfundi we-petrogradvator. Ulwazi olufunyenwe nguye kunyaka wokuqala wesikolo luncede umThetho oselula wokuphelisa isincoko sayo sokuqala se-orchesral - i-Scherzo Fill.
Ngo-1920, i-DMMMITY DMITEREVICH ibhala i-batini krylov yesibini kunye "nomdaniso omkhulu we-piano. Eli xesha lobomi bomgaqo oselula lunxulunyaniswa nokubonakala kwe-boris vladimirovich asyev kunye ne-vladimir vladimirovich ikrokrima. Iimvumi yayiyinxalenye ye "Anna Foga" Cima isangqa.
I-Shotakovich ifundwe ngenkuthalo, nangona wayefumana ubunzima. Ixesha lalilambile kwaye linzima. Iphakeji ye-fercery yabafundi bomphengululi yayincinci kakhulu, umthi omncinci wawulambile, kodwa akazange ashiye umculo. Utyelele iPhilindlonoric kunye neeklasi, nangona belamba kwaye ebanda. Kwakungekho sithobele kwi-colorrevator ebusika, abafundi abaninzi babegula, kukho iimeko zesiphumo esibulalayo.
Kwimemo yakhe, i-shotakovich yabhala ukuba ngelo xesha, ubuthathaka bomzimba bamnyanzela ukuba ahambe ngeenyawo. Ukufika kwikonori kwitram, kwakuyimfuneko ukutyibilika kwisihlwele sabo banqwenela, njengoko ithuthwa yayinqabile. I-Dmifury yayibuthathaka ngenxa yoku, yaphuma endlwini ngaphambi kwexesha, yahamba ngeenyawo.
I-Shotakovichi ifuneka kakhulu imali. Imeko yayikhulisa ukusweleka komsondla weSondleni ye-Dmitrit Boleslavovich. Ukufumana imali, uNyana wazinza ukuba asebenze iteyiphu kwi-cinema "iribhoni ekhanyayo". Malunga neli xesha i-shostakovich ikhunjulwe yintloni. Umsebenzi wawungaphantsi kwaye uyaphela, kodwa i-DMMMY inyamezele, njengoko kufuneka usapho.
Kwinyanga kamva, i-shostakovich iya kumninimnini we-cinema akim lvovich voine voina ukuze ufumane umvuzo. Imeko yayingathandekiyo kakhulu. Umnini we "Ribbons" ezikhanyayo "enomnqweno wakhe wokufumana i-pennies efunyenwe, eqinisekile ukuba abantu abangafanelekanga ukuba banakekele icala lobomi.
Inxalenye yenani le-Sumtakovich eneminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe elineminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe laphuma, ezinye zazinokufunyanwa kuphela. Emva kwethuba, xa i-DMMMY isele inesimo esithile kwimijikelezo yomculo, wamenyelwa ngokuhlwa kwenkumbulo ka-Akim Livovich. Umqambi weza wabelana ngeenkumbulo zakhe ngamava okusebenza kunye neVolyn. Kwafika umququzeleli.
Ngo-1923, i-DMIMMY DMITRIKICS iphumelele kwi-Petrogradvatory yogcino lwepiyano, kwaye emva kweminyaka emibini kwiklasi yokwenziwa. Umsebenzi weDiploma wemvumi wanguSymphony. 1. Umsebenzi wawokuqala wazaliseka ngo-1926 eLeningrad. INkqubo yeNgeniso ye-Symphony yenzeka kunyaka kamva eBerlin.
Indalo
Kwinkulungwane yenkulungwane edluleyo, i-shotakovich inikezele kubalandeli be-Opera "yeLady Mtsebey County". Ngeli xesha, wayegqibile ukusebenza ngaphezu kwesihlanu se-symphony yakhe. Ngo-1938, imvumi yaqulunqa "iJazz Suite". Olona phawu ludumileyo lwalo msebenzi yayingu "Waltz No. 2".
Inkangeleko yokugxeka kusetyenziswa iSoviet malunga nomculo we-shotakovich wanyanzela ukuba ahlaziye umsebenzi wakhe. Ngesi sizathu, i-symphony yesine yayingamelwa luluntu. I-Shotakovich yeka iphinde idlule kungekudala phambi kwePrimeere. Uluntu lwaluva i-symphcony yesine kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini.
Emva kwebhloko ye-leningrad, i-DMIMMY DMITEVIch ithathe i-wiring yomsebenzi olahlekileyo kwaye yaqala ukuqhubela phambili imizobo egcinwe ipiyano. Ngo-1946, iikopi zesosyne yesine kuzo zonke izixhobo zafunyanwa kuVimba wamaxwebhu. Emva kweminyaka eli-15, umsebenzi wawuswa eluntwini.
Imfazwe yeLizwe enkulu yafumana i-shotakovich eLeningrad. Ngeli xesha, umqambi waqalisa ukusebenza kwiSymphony yesixhenxe. Ukushiya ivaliwe i-leningrad, i-DMIMMY DMITEREvich ithathe ulwandlalo lomsebenzi wobugcisa wexesha elizayo. I-systhony yesixhenxe yazukiswa i-shotakovich. Yeyona nto yaziwa ngokubanzi njenge "Leninad". I-symphony yazaliseka kuqala eKuibaicyshev ngo-Matshi 1942.
Ukuphela kweMfazwe i-Shotakovich iphawula isincoko se-Systeneny yesithoba. I-Presere yakhe yenzeka eLeningrad ngoNovemba 3, 1945. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, umqambi wayephakathi kweemvumi ezaziza e-Opal. Umculo wakhe wamkelwe njenge "zomnye umntu waseSoviet." I-Shotakovich yafumana isihloko soNjingalwazi ofunyenwe ngo-1939.
Ngenxa yeendlela zexesha, i-DMMMIRY DMITRICEVIch ngo-1949 yaziswa kwingoma yeCankuntu yoLuntu ". Owona msebenzi uphambili womsebenzi yayikukudunyiswa kweSoviet Union kunye nokubuyela umva kwawo ngexesha lemfazwe. I-Cantata yeza umqambi kwibhaso leStalin kunye nendawo elungileyo yabagxeki nabasemagunyeni.
Ngo-1950, imvumi ephefumlelwe yimisebenzi kaBhacki kunye ne-Leipzig yaqalisa isincoko sama-24 i-Prepaes kunye ne-fuges yepiyano. I-sympleny yeshumi yabhalwa nguDmitrieevich ngo-1953, emva kokuphazamiseka kweminyaka esibhozo emsebenzini kwi-symphony isebenza.
Kunyaka kamva, umqambi wadala i-symplent yeshumi elinanye, igama elithi "ngo-1905". Kwisiqingatha sesibini samashumi amahlanu, umqambi onzulu olwenziwe kwikhonsathi yesixhobo. Umculo wakhe uye wahluka ngakumbi kwimilo kunye nemvakalelo.
Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, i-shostakovich yabhala iintshumayelo ezine ngakumbi. Uye waba ngumbhali wemisebenzi emininzi yelizwi kunye neekota. Umsebenzi wokugqibela we-shotakovich yayinguSonata kunye nepiyano.
Ubomi Buqu
Abantu bakufutshane nomgaqo wokukhumbula ukuba ubomi bakhe buqu baqala ngempumelelo. Ngo-1923, i-DMMMY idibene nentombazana egama linguTatiana Gylie. Abantu abancinci babeneemvakalelo ezihambelanayo, kodwa i-Shotakovich, umthwalo wayo ngentswelo, awuzange ubeke isigwebo esithandekayo. Intombazana eyayineminyaka eli-18 ubudala, yafumana iqela elahlukileyo. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, xa ishishini laseSustakovich liye laphakamisa kancinane, wacebisa uTatiana ukuba amke kumyeni wakhe, kodwa intanda inqabile.
Emva kwethuba, i-shostakavich utshatile. Inyuliweyo yakhe yayinguNina. Umfazi wanika i-DMMMY DMIRIGEVIch iminyaka engamashumi amabini yobomi kwaye yazala abantwana ababini. Ngo-1938, uShotakovich waba nguyise okokuqala. Wayenonyana uMaxim. Oyena mntwana omncinci kusapho yayiyintombi kaGalina. Umfazi wokuqala waseShotakovich wasweleka ngo-1954.
Umqambi wayetshatile kathathu. Umtshato wesibini wajika waba yinto engenasiphelo, iMargarita Kaina Kaido kunye ne-DMITRY SHMIKOvich ayizange ithelekise abalinganiswa kwaye ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza kuqhawulo mtshato.
Okwesithathu umqambi otshatileyo ngo-1962. Umfazi wemvumi waba nguRina castkaya. Umfazi wesithathu wazikhathalela ngokuthembekileyo ngokuthembekileyo kwiminyaka yokugula.
Isifo
Kwisiqingatha sesibini samashumi amathandathu, i-DMIMMY DMITEREVERICHich yawa. Isifo sakhe sasingakwazi ukuxilongwa, kwaye oogqirha baseSoviet basithwa ngezandla zabo. Umlingane womqambi ukhumbule ukuba umyeni wakhe wanyulwa iikhosi ze-vitamin ukuthoba inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwesifo, kodwa esi sifo saqhubeka.
I-Shotakovich yenziwa kwi-charcot (i-Amyotophrophic sclerosis). Imizamo yokunyanga umqambi wenza iingcali zaseMelika kunye noogqirha baseSoviet. Ngokweengcebiso zeRostropovich, i-shostakovich iya eKurgan ukuze imkelwe kwiGqr. Ilizarov. Unyango lucetywe ngugqirha luncede okwethutyana. Esi sifo saqhubeka ukuqhubela phambili. I-Shotakovich izabalazela isigulo, yenza intlawulo eyodwa, yathabatha amayeza ngewotshi. Intuthuzelo yalo yayikutyelelwa rhoqo kwiikonsathi. Kwifoto yeminyaka, umqambi uhlala obonakaliswa ngumfazi wakhe.
Ngo-1975, i-DMMMIRY DMITRIKICHich kunye nenkosikazi yakhe baya eLeningrad. Kwakukho ikhonsathi, apho kwenziwa khona uthando lwe-shostakich. Umzobi ulibale ukuba uqalile kunokuba uchulumancile umbhali. Ukubuyela kwakhe ekhaya, iqabane libangele 'i-ambulensi' yomyeni wakhe. I-Shotakovich yafumana ukuhlasela kwentliziyo kwaye yathatha umqambi esibhedlele.
Ubomi be-DMMMMY DMITRICEVICK BRYVEVISC APHA NGO-AGUSTI 9, 1975. Ngolu suku, wayezokujonga nenkosikazi yakhe ibhola kwiwadi yesibhedlele. I-DMMMYY ithumele i-Irina ngeposi, kwaye xa ebuyile, iqabane lalisele lifile.
Umqambi wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba e-novoddevichy.