Biography
I-Sergey Aleksandrovich Yesenin yimbongi enkulu yaseRussia-amazwi. Uninzi lwemisebenzi yakhe yi-novokokhres, amazwi. Emva kwexesha, ubuchule buhambelana nonyango, kuba ilandela imifanekiso emininzi esetyenziswayo, nomfanekiso.
Umhla wokuzalwa kukaGeus nguSeptemba 21, 1895. Uvela kwiPhondo laseRyazan, eKonstantinovka Ilali (Kuztshaya Parish). Ke ngoko, imisebenzi emininzi inikelwe ukuthanda iRussia, kukho iingoma ezininzi zeNovokokwe. Imeko yemali yosapho lwembongi yexesha elizayo ayinakubizelwa, kuba abazali bakhe babengamahlwempu.
Zonke zingabaluli-hlanga oluhle, kwaye ke zanyanzelwa ukuba zisebenze nzima umsebenzi omninzi. Utata waseSergey, uAlexander Nikitich, waphumelela indlela ende. Njengomntwana, wayekuthanda ukucula kwiCawa yeCawa, wayenedatha yelizwi elilungileyo. Ukukhula kwakhe, wafudukela emsebenzini kwivenkile ethengisa inyama.
Ityala lamnceda ukuba abe nesikhundla esihle eMoscow. Kwakulapho waba ngumkhweli, kwaye ingeniso yosapho yaphakama. Kodwa oku akuzange kubekhonze lonwabo kwiqabane, nguMama Yesenin. Wayengabi lula ukubona umyeni wakhe, engakwazanga kuchaphazela ubudlelwane babo.
Esinye isizathu sokuba i-bimer ehluleleyo kule ntsapho yayiyinyani yokuba emva kokushenxisa utata eMoscow, inkwenkwe yaqalisa ukuhlala utat'omkhulu katat'omkhulu, utata wonina. Kwakulapho wafumana imfundo yamadoda, eyayingumalume omkhulu wayo. Kuba babengenalo ixesha lokufumana iintsapho zabo, bazama ukunikela ingqalelo kakhulu kwinkwenkwe.
Oonyana bonke babengazalisekanga boonyana baka-Grantionatatist ye-Yesenin, owomileyo ngokomsindo kwaye ngokuyinxalenye ebubini. Bafundisa inkwenkwe ukuba ikhwele ihashe ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Beka ihashe, elaliqhutywa nge-gallop. Kwakhona, uqeqesho lokuqubha emlanjeni lwaluqhubekeka xa i-Yesenin incinci iphosa nje esuka esikhepheni ngokuthe ngqo emanzini.
Njengoomama welungu lembongi, waphenjelelwa kukuhlukana nomyeni wakhe xa wayekwinkonzo ende eMoscow. Wafumana umsebenzi eRyazan, apho bathandana noIvan Razguleeva. Umfazi washiya uAlexander Nikiti kwaye waza wazala umntwana wesibini kwiqela elitsha elitsha. Ubhuti ohlanganisiweyo waseSergey abizwa ngokuba nguAlexander. Emva kwexesha, abazali baphinda bahlanganisana kwakhona, uSergey wayenoodade ababini: Kata noAlexander.
Imfundo
Emva kwemfundo yasekhaya, intsapho yagqiba kwelokuba ithumele uSeryo ukuba aqeqeshe ukuya kwi-Konstantinovskaya ye-Zemstvo School. Wayefunda apho ukusuka kwiminyaka elisithoba ukuya kwelishumi elinesine kwaye wayewahluleke kuphela kubuchule bakhe, kodwa nangokuziphatha kakubi. Ke ngoko, ngonyaka omnye wokufunda, ngesigqibo somphathi wesikolo, wayesele unyaka wesibini. Kodwa amazinga okuphumelela aphakamile kakhulu.
Ngeli xesha, abazali bexesha elizayo ubuye bagqiba kwelokuba baphile kunye. Inkwenkwe yaqala ukuza kwikhaya lakhe lomthonyama kwiholide. Apha waya kumfundisi walapha, owayenethala leencwadi ezinencwadi yababhali abahlukeneyo. Ufunde ngenyameko imiqulu emininzi, engakwazanga ukuchaphazela indlela yakhe yokuyila.
Emva kokuphumelela kwiSikolo se-Zeskaya, watshintsha ecaweni-yecawa, ekumaphandleni kwilali yendala. Sele ngonyaka ka-1909, emva kweminyaka emihlanu yokufunda, uYeSanin uphumelele kwisikolo seZemstvo eKonstantinovka. Iphupha lentsapho yakhe yayikukuba umzukulwana waba ngutitshala. Wayekwazi ukuyisebenzisa emva koqeqesho eMsindisi Klepika.
Kulapho waphumelela kwisikolo seklasi yesibini. Uye wasebenza ekufikeni kwecawa, njengoko wayenjalo ngaloo maxesha. Ngoku kukho imyuziyam enikezelwe emsebenzini wembongi enkulu. Kodwa emva kokufumana imfundo yokufundisa, uYesenin wagqiba kwelokuba aye eMoscow.
KwiMoscow exineneyo, kwafuneka asebenze kwivenkile yenyama, nakwindlu yokuprinta. Elapho, kwalungiswa utata wakhe, kuba umfana kwakufuneka acele uncedo emsebenzini wakhe. Emva koko wamlungiselela eofisini, apho uEsenn wakhawuleza wakhuthaza umsebenzi owonwabileyo.
Xa wayekhonza kwindlu yokuprinta njengomncedisi oncedisayo, wakhawuleza wenza nabahlobo ngeembongi zencwadi ye-surikov loncwadi kunye nomculo. Mhlawumbi oku kuchatshazelwa yinto yokuba ngo-1913 akazange ayenze, kodwa yaba ngumphulaphuli wasimahla kwiDyunivesithi yaseMoscow yeYunivesithi yabantu. Apho watyelela intetho yembali kunye nefilosofi.
Indalo
I-gests yeMibongo yokubhala yazalelwa eJosenin isemsindisi Klepika, apho wafunda khona kwisikolo seParish sikatitshala. Ngokwemvelo, imisebenzi yayinomxholo ngokomoya, ongekangeniswa ngamazwi anokutshona. Umsebenzi onjalo unokunikwa ingxelo: "Iinkwenkwezi", "ubomi bam". Xa imbongi yayiseMoscow (1912-1915), emva koko yayilapho ababeqala ngakumbi iisampulu zakhe ezizithembayo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ngeli xesha ngemisebenzi yakhe:
- Sebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-poetic yefoto. Inkqubo ye-Napli ye-Napli enobuchule, iqinile okanye ifanelwe.
- Ngeli xesha, imifanekiso ye-novokakstest yalandelwa.
- Kuyenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukubonisa isibonakaliso saseRussia, njengoko ubunyani babathanda umsebenzi we-Alexander Blok.
Umsebenzi wokuqala oprintiweyo yayingumbongo "Bereza". Ababhali-mbali Qaphela ukuba xa ukubhala u-Yesenin waphefumlelwa yimisebenzi yase-Askta. Emva koko wathabatha i-puston, ngaphandle kokuthatha isigqibo sokuthumela umbongo phantsi kwegama lakhe ukuze siprinte. Wapapashwa ngo-1914 eli phephancwadi imagazini.
Incwadi yokuqala ethi "Radeunditsa" yakhululwa ngo-1916. Ikwalandelela isimo seminyaka le, kuba lo mfana wafudukela ePetrogradini waza waqalisa ukunxibelelana nababhali neembongi:
- I-CM. I-GorodetSky.
- Z.N. Hippius.
- D.V. Intanda-bulumko.
- A. A. Ibhlokhi.
Kwi "radanice" kukho zombini amanqaku ee-wialessic, kunye neempawu ezininzi phakathi kwendalo neyokomoya, kuba isihloko sencwadi sibonisa usuku xa behlonela abafileyo. Emva koko ukufika kwentwasahlobo kuyenzeka, ukuhlonipha kwabo iingoma ezizezona iingoma zesintu. Olu lunxibelelwano lwendalo, uhlaziyo kunye nokuhlonela abo bashiyekileyo.
Uhlobo lwembongi lutshintsha, njengoko aluqalisa ukunxiba intle kwaye incinci. Umgcini wakhe waseKlyov, owayengaxelela ukusuka ngo-1915 ukuya ku-1917, unokuyichaphazela. Lo mbongo wobuteli osemncinci emva koko waphulaphula ingqalelo kwaye s.m. I-GorodetsetSky, kunye ne-Alexander enkulu.
Ngo-1915, lo mbongo we "Cherry" wabhalwa, apho unika indalo kunye nalo mthi ngeempawu zomntu. I-cherry ngokungathi iyeza ebomini kwaye ibonakalisa iimvakalelo zakhe. Emva kokucela imfazwe ngo-1916, iSergey yaqalisa ukunxibelelana neqela leembongi zeNovarestest.
Ngenxa yengqokelela ekhutshelweyo, kubandakanya "iradeda", i-Yesenin ifumene udumo olubanzi. Ufikelele kwi-Elexandra Fedorovna. Wayedla ngokokubizwa kwe-Yesenin kwilali yaseRoyal ukuze afunde izenzo zakhe kuye nangeentombi zakhe.
Ngo-1917, impumelelo yenzekile, eyabonakala kwimisebenzi kaGenius. Wafumana "umphefumlo wesibini" kwaye, uphefumlelwe, wagqiba kwelokuba akhulule lo mbongo wowe-1917 abizwa ngokuba "utshilo". Wabangela ukuba kwanemilinganiselo enkulu kunye nokugxeka, kuba zazininzi iifoloti ezininzi eziphakathi. Zonke zafakwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kwiTylisti yeTestamente Endala.
Imbono yehlabathi itshintshiwe, ukuzibophelela kwiCawe. Imbongi ivakalise le nto kwi-poondes yakhe. Emva koko waqala ukuhamba bobabini u-Andrei White, waqala ukunxibelelana neqela le-poeti "" Skiytias ". Umsebenzi wokuphela kwamashumi amabini
- Incwadi yePetrograd "ayinasifo" (1918).
- Ushicilelo lwesibini lwe "Radeundatsa" (1918).
- Uthotho lwengqokelela yowe-1918-1920: Inguqu kunye neyure yasemaphandleni.
Ithuba le-Itazhinism laqala ngo-1919. Ngaphantsi kwayo kuthetha ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu lemifanekiso, imizobo. I-Sergey inikwe amandla ngenkxaso yeV.G. I-Shershevich kunye neqela lakhe elalithatyathwa kunye nesiko le-futuurism, isitayile soBoris Parionak. Umahluko obalulekileyo yayiyinyani yokuba imisebenzi yenziwa kwindalo, icinge ukufundwa okuvulekileyo phambi kombukeli.
Eli liqhotyoshelweyo leqela likadumo olukhulu ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yentsebenzo eqaqambileyo nesicelo. Emva koko babhalwa:
- "I-SOROKOUT" (1920).
- Umbongo kaPugachev (1921).
- Unyango "Izitshixo" zikaMariya (1919).
Kukwaziwa ukuba ekuqaleni kweSexgey iSergey yaqala ukubandakanyeka ekuphunyezweni kweencwadi, yaqesha ivenkile yokuthengisa iimpapasho eziprintiweyo. Wayekwi-hikitkaya enkulu. Lo msebenzi wamzisa umvuzo kwaye uphazamisa kancinci ukusuka kubuchule bokuyila.
Emva konxibelelwano kunye nokutshintshiselana ngezimvo, ubuchwephesha besitayile kunye no-A. I-Nasenin yabhalwa:
- "Ukuvuma kweHuligan" (1921), kunikezelwe kumxholo ka-Agastius miklashevskaya. Kumbeko wakhe, imibongo yesixhenxe kumjikelo omnye zabhalwa.
- "Treradnik" (1921).
- "Andizisoli, andizilingi" (1924).
- "Imibongo yamaSukali" (1923).
- "I-Moscow Kabatkaya" (1924).
- "Ileta eya kumfazi" (1924).
- "Ileta kaMama" (1924), yenye yezona mibongo zibalaseleyo zothando. Kwabhalwa ngaphambi kokufika kweYesenin kwilali yakhe kwaye yanikezelwa ngunina.
- "I-Persian Motifs" (1924). Kwiqokelelo onokuyibona umbongo odumileyo "Shagana yakho,".
Emva koko, imbongi yaqala ukuhamba rhoqo. I-geography yakhe yehambo yayingaphelelanga kwi-orenjburg enye kunye ne-ural, wade watyelela e-Asia, eTashkent, kunye noMandla. E-Urdah, wayehlala esiya kumaziko endawo (i-Teahouse), ehamba kwidolophu endala, eqalile ukwazisana nabantu abatsha. Iphefumlelwe ngu-Uzbek imibongo, umculo we-Oriental, kunye nolwakhiwo lwezitrato zasekuhlaleni.
Emva komtshato, uhambo oluninzi lwaseYurophu lwalandelwa: I-Itali, iFrance, iJamani kunye namanye amazwe. U-Yesenin waphila nakwiinyanga ezimbalwa eMelika (1922-1923), emva kokuba iirekhodi zenziwe ngeempembelelo zokuphila kweli lizwe. Baprintwe eIzvestia kwaye babizwa ngokuba ngu-Iron Gogorod.
Embindini wamashumi amabini, uhambo oluya eCaucasus lwenziwa. Kukho ingcinga yokuba yayikule ndawo ukuba iqokele i-Red "East yadalwa. Wakhululwa kwiCaucasus Printa, emva koko ukukhanya kwabona lo mbongo esithi "Umyalezo nguDangeli Deyan". Ixesha le-Itazhinasm laqhubeka kude kube lixesha de kufike i-geniius yaxabana no-A. B. Mariengef.
Kwakhona, v. Maykovsky ithathwa njengeyona nto iphambili kumchasi. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye abakhange babonakalise intiyo esidlangalaleni, nangona bahlala bedibana nebunzi. Yonke into yagxekwa kwaye ihlonipha umsebenzi ngamnye.
IGunya laseSoviet
Emva kokuba iSergey yagqiba kwelokuba ihlukane noSudyudy, waqalisa ukunika izizathu ezixhaphakileyo zokugxeka indlela aziphethe ngayo. Umzekelo, rhoqo emva kowe-1924 waqalisa ukuvela amanqaku anyukayo awandayo kwi-surnunnis okanye i-robs, izityholo zokwenza izinto.
Kodwa le ndlela yokuziphatha yayiyinto nje kuphela. Ngenxa yeebhonasi zabanikazi bobulumko, amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho aliqela avulwa kwangoko, eyavalwa kamva. Esona sikhulu sazo yimeko yeembongi ezine, apho izityholo zolwakhiwo zazinjalo. Ngeli xesha, impilo yobhaliso i-genius yashukunyiswa.
Ngokuphathelele isimo sengqondo samandla eSoviet, wayenexhala malunga nemeko yembongi. Kukho iileta ezingqina ukuba iDzerzhinssky iceliwe ukuba incede kwaye igcine i-Yesenin. Ziqulathwe la seSergey ibeka umsebenzi we-GPU, engayi kumnika ukuba alale. I-Dzerzhinsky iphendule isicelo kwaye itsalele umtsalane wayo, ongazange wakwazi ukufumana iSergey.
Ubomi Buqu
U-Anna uFrerezhanova wayengumfazi wase-Yesenin weYesenin. Wadibana naye xa wayesebenza njengomncedisi womncedisi kwiNdlu yokuprinta. Iziphumo zalo mtshato yayizelwe unyana ka-Yuri. Kodwa umtshato ngekhe uxhathise ixesha elide, kuba sele ngo-1917, uSergey watshata noZinaida Reich. Ngeli xesha, abantwana ababini bazalelwa kwaoko - konstantin neTatiana. Imanyano yaba nesantya.
Kumtshato osemthethweni wasemthethweni, imbongi yadibana neSador Duncan, obandakanyeka ekudanile. Eli bali lothando likhunjulwa kwabaninzi, kuba ulwalamano lwabo lwalungekho, lothando kwaye luntu ngokuyinxenye. Eli bhinqa lalingumdanisi odumileyo eMelika, obethelela umdla woluntu kulo mtshato.
Kwangelo xesha, uSidora wayemdala kuneqabane lakhe, kodwa umahluko weminyaka engazange aphazamise.
USergey Duncan wadibana kwiworkshop yabucala ngo-1921. Emva koko baqala ukuhamba lonke i-Ehurobhule i-Erophu kunye, kwaye behlala kwiinyanga ezine eMelika - kwilizwe lasekhaya labadanisi. Kodwa emva kokubuya ngenxa ye-phesheya, umtshato wapheliswa. Umfazi olandelayo waba nguSophia Teltaya, owayengumhlobo weklasikhi edumileyo, umanyano ukwahlukana nonyaka.
Kwakhona, ubomi beYesenin banxulumana nabanye abantu basetyhini. Umzekelo, uGalina Bebislavskaya wayengunobhala wakhe. Wayehlala ecaleni kwakhe, ngokuyinxenye enikela ngobomi bakhe kweli ndoda.
Isifo nokufa
UYesenin wayeneengxaki zotywala, ababesaziwa kungekuphela kwabaqhelileyo, kodwa ne-Dzerzhisky. Ngo-1925, udidi olukhulu lwalulaliswa esibhedlele kwiklinikhi ehlawulelweyo yeMoscow, ekhethekileyo kwi-Psychomoulogical. Kodwa sele kuDisemba 21, unyango lwagqitywa okanye, mhlawumbi lwaphazamiseka kwisicelo seSergey.
Ugqibe kwelokuba afudukele okwethutyana ukuba ahlale eLeningrad. Ngaphambi koko, waphazamisa umsebenzi neGosizdat kwaye wakhupha zonke iingxowa-mali zakhe ezikwiiakhawunti zikarhulumente. ELeningrad, wayehlala kwihotele kwaye wayedla ngokunxibelelana nababhali: v
Ukufa kolu jee mkhulu ngokungalindelekanga ngequbuliso nge-28, 1928. Azikho na iimeko apho i-Yelenin yasekhohlo, kunye nobangela wokufa. Kwenzekile nge-28 kaDisemba ngo-1925, kwaye umngcwabo wadluliswa eMoscow, apho ingcwaba lendalo ngoku linjalo ngoku.
Ngobusuku bukaDisemba 28, kwabhalwa umbongo we-Farewell oqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, abanye ababhali-mbali bacebisa ukuba uGuniaus wazibulala, kodwa le ayisiyonyani.
Ngo-2005, ifilimu yaseRussia "Yesenin" yasuswa, apho iSergey Bezbruóv idlale eyona ndima iphambili. Ngaphambi kokuba le nto isuswe "imbongi". Zombini ezi ntlobo zinikelwe kwi-genius enkulu yaseRussia kwaye yafumana ingxelo entle.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- I-Sergey encinci iminyaka emihlanu ubudala yayingasebenzi kakuhle okanye yayingu-ntle omkhulu, njengoko utamkhulu wakhe watsala umama wakhe. Lo mfazi wathumela utata kulondolozo lonyana. Utata kweli xesha wayesebenza eMoscow.
- Kwiminyaka emihlanu, inkwenkwe yayisele ikwazile ukufunda.
- Esikolweni, i-Yesenin yanikwa igama lesidlaliso "ngaphandle kweBheres", kuba utat'omkhulu wake watshutshisa kubugcisa becawa.
- Ngo-1915, inkonzo yaqala emkhosini kunye nokulibaziseka okulandelayo. Emva koko iSergey yavela i-Lavs yasemkhosini, kodwa sele icocekile.