Biography
I-Legend yeBagend Aslon Armstrong yazalwa e-Wapakone, e-USA, eOhio, ngo-Agasti 5, 1930. Abazalini bakaNayile baneempawu ezinjalo njengokuthozama kunye nokuzinikela, kunye nomxube wokuqhuma kweJamani, i-Scotland negazi lase-Irish.
Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, ngo-1972, oosomajukujuku batyelela ilizwe lookhokho bakhe, kwisixeko saseLangutholm, eScotland, apho wanikezela ngesihloko sommi wase-Armstrong we-Armstrong we-Armstrong we-Armstrong i-Armstrong i-Armstrong ihlanjeni.
Umkhululi wexesha elizayo uCosmos wayenomntakwabo kunye nodadewabo: uDean noJun. Ngelixa uNeil wayengumntwana, le ntsapho yayidla ngokuhamba, njengoko utata wakhe waba ngumphikithi phantsi korhulumente. Ngaphambi kokuhlala eOhio ngo-1944, ii-Armstrong zatshintsha izixeko ezingama-20. EWapakote uNeal waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.
Ezona zinto zithandayo zenkwenkwe zaziziinqwelo zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nobulungu kwiklabhu yeKlabhu yeKlabhu. Kuzo zombini iindlela, i-custicboy iphumelele impumelelo ebalulekileyo: Njengenxalenye yentshukumo yomfana, inkwenkwe ifumene ilayisensi ephezulu ye-Eagle Scout, kunye nelayisensi yomqhubi wenqwelomoya ngaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, i-Asstronaut yexesha elizayo yaba ngumqhubi oqeqeshiweyo iminyaka eli-16, kwaye ukusuka ngoku kwimbali yakhe yayinxibelelene nezulu nezulu.
Ngo-1947, umfana wangena eyunivesithi iPerdy, apho wafunda khona izixhobo zenqwelo moya kunye nomzi mveliso. Uvavanyo lwendoda lwalungumndilili, kwaye ikholeji yabo ihlawule ilizwe ngenxa yokutshintshiselana ngokuzibophelela iminyaka emithathu ukuya emkhosini. Emva komkhosi, iArmstrong yabuyela eyunivesithi, apho wayefunda ngakumbi iminyaka emibini.
Ixesha lokufowunela umkhosi we-Nide Arstrong Counccound ikhutshwe yimfazwe eKorea. Ukususela ngo-1949, indiza yokuqala yomNayile yayijamelene nenqwelomoya, nangexesha lobutshaba ukusuka ngo-1949 ukuya ku-1952 wenza kangangoko uhambileyo kangangesixhenxe. Ke uNeil yayingumqhubi webhombu olwalukweni kwaye kwenye imisebenzi yadutyulwa yimikhosi yotshaba.
Ngokomkhosi uMorstrong wanikwa amabhaso amathathu. Ngo-1952, uNayile wajoyina i-US Navy njengoPilot yovavanyo.
I-NASA
Umendo waseNaremstrong ovela kumqhubi wenqwelomoya, owaba ligorha loluntu lonke ixesha elide kwaye waquka la manqanaba alandelayo:
- Ngo-1956, iArmstrong yatshintshelwa kwisikhululo sesikhululo sezantya eziphezulu, ezaziqhutywa yi-NASA, apho kwakufika khona inqwelo moya entsha;
- Ukususela ngoJuni ukuya ku-Agasti ka-1958, wavavanywa njengengqokelela yenkqubo yokuphoswa kwe-pume;
- Ukususela ngo-Okthobha ka-1958, iArmstrong iqukethe kwiqela labaqhubi beenqwelomoya abaqhuba iinqwelomoya kwi-rocketochlane x-15, ukusukela ngo-1960 ukuya ku-1962 kwenziwa kuphela iindiza ezi-7, kodwa zange bafikelele kumda wendawo;
- Ngo-1960, uNameli Argqing wabhalisa kwiqela lesibini leastronauts, ekhethiweyo i-NASA kubaviwa abangama-250.
Ngo-1966, ukuba ngumphathi wenqanawa ye-Gemini 8, Neil Armstrong yokuqala ityelele indawo. Ngenxa yeempazamo, uninzi lweenjongo zendiza zange lufumaneke, kodwa ngomsebenzi ophambili, obephethe i-dock ngeRocket Agena, Asstronauts egcwele.
Ukubhabha kunye nokufika enyangeni
NgoJulayi 16, 1969, "u-Apollo-11" waqalwa ngeRactemrome eKapa, phantsi komyalelo weArmstrong. Kunye nomphathi, uMichael Collins, umqhubi wegumbi "Columbia", no-Edwinre, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiBazz Aderin - umqhubi wemodyuli ye-Orel.
Emva kweeyure ezilikhulu ezinesithathu zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, kwabakho imodyuli yokufika ngemodyuli ye-Aldrin kunye neArmstrong ebhodini, kwakamsinya kwasekupheleni kolwandle lokuzola. Imeko yokukhulula yenzekile ngaphambi kokufika kumphezulu: Ingcinezelo ekhula kwi-liner piel ephantse yakhokelela ekuqhubeni. Emva kokucocwa kwengxaki, oosomajukujuku bavula i-hatch.
Eyokuqala yenkanyezi yafika iNamstrong, kwaye umntu osebenza naye wathatha lo mzuzu imbali kwifilimu. Kwangelo xesha, umphathi "we-Apollo-11" watsho ibinzana elidumileyo elavakalayo elinxulumene nomhlaba:
Eli linyathelo elinye elincinci lomntu, kodwa uqhawulo-mtshato lwalo lonke uluntu. "I-Astronauts ihlala kumhlaba wesatellite weeyure ezi-2,5, ukuqokelela iisampulu zomhlaba, ukushiya i-capsule enemiyalezo ngeelwimi ezingama-78 zomhlaba kunye nokufaka iflegi yase-US. Benze iifoto ezininzi zembali kunye neefreyimu zevidiyo, ukunikela ubungqina bokuba umntu uhlala enyangeni.
Emva koko, xa uphulaphula kunye neerekhodi zokuqonda ezenziwe ngu-Asstronauts, abaphandi kunye nezazinzulu ziye zavela umbuzo owazisithi, xa unyawo lwakhe lwaluchukumisa umhlaba wenyanga? Ukongeza kwibinzana elidumileyo kwifilimu, unokuva amagama athi: "Ngethamsanqa, Mnu Grsky!".
IArmstrong yaphinda yacelwa ngalo mntu mmangaliso kudliwanondlebe oluninzi, kodwa wanyulwa kuphela. Kwaye emva kweminyaka emininzi, umoya ovuthuzayo wathi ummelwane ongaqondakaliyo wayengummelwane wakhe xa uNayi ngokwakhe wayeseyinkwenkwe. Ukuzibopha emva kwebhola kwindawo eselumelwaneni, wawuva ngengozi amaqabane amaqabane amaqabane amaqabane awona mzuzu. UMadame Gorski wala iqabane lakho kwisicelo esinye esomeleleyo, esithi uza kuyanelisa, "xa umfana wommelwane uza kubaqhuba enyangeni." Ngenxa yoko, amazwi akhe ayeprofeta.
Iqela le-Apollo-11 lasungulwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngoJulayi 24, 1969, nangona ukuhamba enyangeni akuzange kuhlawulwe ngaphandle kwe-adventure engathandekiyo. Ukubuyela kwimodyuli yokufika, abantu abangoosomajukujuku bafumanise ukuba i-injini yokuqalisa i-injini yonakele. Le meko yayibalulekile, kuba uncedo oluvela emhlabeni aluyi kuza enyangeni ngexesha labasebenzi abathathu abakhoyo kwindawo. I-injini yommangaliso ilawulwe ukuqalisa, kwaye indiza yokuqala yomntu enyangeni yaphela ngoloyiso olupheleleyo.
Ndwendwela kwi-USSR
NgoMeyi ka-1970, Armstrong utyelele iLeningrad njengenxalenye yoBathunywa be-NASA. Kule, ukutyelelwa komoya owaziwayo wase-USSR akupheli. Emva kwenkomfa yeLeningrad, abameli abangamaNasa baya eMoscow.
Ngokutsho kwememori yeArmstrong, intlanganiso eneeMusivtes ifudumele kakhulu, kodwa uninzi lwalukhunjulwa abahlolokazi lwe-voriet cosmonauts: amaqabane e-YAGARIIN NEVLADIIMIR KOMISAROV. Ngexesha lentlanganiso esemthethweni nabameli beli lizwe, i-Nile Arstrong ibonise uAlexey Kosygin, uSihlalo weBhunga labaPhathiswa, iisampulu zomhlaba kunye neflegi encinci ye-USSR, etyelele inyanga.
Ukulunga: Intsomi okanye inyani?
Kwaye ngexesha lobomi beArmstrong, kwaye emva kokuba ifile ngaye kwaye iintsomi ezininzi zahamba ngenqwelomoya kwinyanga. Ke, kangangexesha elithile kwabakho ithiyori yokuba emva kokuba le nto iboniswe yi-Astronaut kwiSatellite yamkela i-Islam kwaye yaba nguMuslim. Le ntsomi ayinaso nasiphi na isizathu, ngaphandle kokufana kwamagama eendawo - iLebhanon eUnited States kunye nelizwe lamaSilamsi legama elinye.
I-spores eshushu ihamba neengxelo ezininzi zentatheli kwaye "abaphandi" abangekho enyangeni. Iincwadi ezininzi kunye namanqaku amaninzi apapashiweyo, iifilimu ezininzi zazisenziwa, zambetha intsomi yobukho bama-American Astronauts enyangeni. Kwenye yeenguqulelo kwathiwa ukuba i-filing yoxwebhu malunga nokuhambahamba iyoyika uStanley odumileyo, kwaye bonke abasebenzi badutyulwa kwindawo yePavilion.
Ngenxa yoko, ezi mpapasho zaphela ziba lusizi, kunye neencwadi kunye ne-cinema - intsomi yobugcisa. Nokuba i-soviet cosmonauts iqinisekisile inyani yobukho beqela le-Apollo enyangeni, laphawula ukuba ezinye iiflelo zinokuba zenziwe emhlabeni - "ukucaciswa."
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu be-astronaut bahle kakhulu. Ngaphandle koqeqesho oluqhelekileyo kunye neenqwelomoya, i-Namstrong yayitshatile kabini. Ngomfazi wokuqala, uJanet Sheron Neil wadibana emva kokubuyela eyunivesithi, umtshato wabo wenzeka ngo-1956. Kwangelo xesha, uJanet wanyanzelwa ukuba ashiye izifundo zakhe aze enze indlu, emva koko wazisola.
Esi sibini saba nabantwana abathathu: oonyana bakaEric noMarko nentombi kaKaren, owayengazange abambeke kwi-turum yengqondo.
Ngo-1994, uNeil uqhawule umtshato uJanet kunye noCarol Knight, awayehlala kuyo kude kube ngo-2012.
Ukufa
Unobangela wokusweleka kwe-Astronaut edumileyo, eyathi kwii-70s kwi-NASA, ifundiswe eyunivesithi kwaye yabandakanyeka kwishishini, yaba ziingxaki zokungena.
Ngokwesiko le-US Navy, emngcwabeni, umngcwabo we-Astronaut waphulwa phezu koLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki.