Biography
Ikamva laseRussia Alexandrovna, Umfazi ka-Emperor Alexander II, wazalwa nge-27 kaJulayi (ngokwesitayela esidala) se-1824 eDarmstadt. Abazali bakhe yayinguDudwig II WESSINIA kunye neDuchess enkulu uMaria Wilhelmina Badenskaya. Intombazana yanikwa igama elide i-maxililian wilimina iAugustus Sofia Maria hessian kunye ne-Zeevinskaya.
Kwintendelezo, amahemuhemu asasaza ukuba le ntombi izalwe ngonxibelelwano lwangaphandle phakathi kukamama noBaron AugusSerksen Searnci. Kodwa ukuthintela amahemuhemu, umHeses Heses wamqonda intombi engekho mthethweni uMaria nenkwenkwe uAlexander yakhe kwaye wabanika intetho yakhe. Abantwana bahlala kunye nonina kwibhotwe eHelisigenberg.
Umbingeleli weCawa yamaProtestanti yeCimmerman wayekhule ekukhuleni kukaMariya, kuba umzali wakhe wasweleka xa intombazana yayineminyaka eli-12 kuphela ubudala. Ukusuka kubathandekayo bukaMariya, kwasala kuphela umzalwana ongumhlanga. Utata ongeyonyani akazange aye kwinqaba encinci yentlango kwaye abantwana babengenamdla. Iminyaka edlulileyo echithwe ngendlela eyiyo icacisa ukuzola kwaye ngokungafaniyo nobume benkosazana. Akayithandi iibhola ezimangalisayo kunye noluntu oluphezulu kwezoluntu, kulutsha nakubantu abadala.
Ubomi Buqu
Kwiminyaka eli-14 ubudala, i-biegraphy yenkosazana uMariya itshintshe ngonaphakade. Kolunye utyelelo kwindlu ye-opera yendawo, i-Russian Tsearevich Alexander yahlangana nge-dammedstadt. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iPrincess Hessénskaya ayingenise uluhlu lwamaqabane aseYurophu kwindlalifa yaseRussia, wakhathazeka ngokunyaniseka. UMaria wamphendula nge-Retroicity. Ixesha elide, abazali bakhe babechasene nokuchasana kwenkosazana ngenxa yemvelaphi yakhe. Kodwa uNyana wayengoyena wayenolwazi.
UMaria Fedorovna, umama ka-Alexander, waze weza kwintlanganiso yakho noMaria eJamani. Intombazana entle entle ngokungathandabuzekiyo umkhwekazi wexesha elizayo, kwaye wavuma ukutshata. Kwiminyaka emibini, kwagqitywa kwelokuba ihlehlise umtshato ngokunxulumene nobudala bomtshakazi. Ngelo xesha wakwazi ukuthuthuzelwa eRussia. Inkosazana yaseJamani yamkela i-Orthodoxy, ithathe indawo yegama lakhe lokwenyani kwiRussia - uMaria Alexandrovna, emva koko kwaoko besenza kwaoko iZassiarevich. Ngentwasahlobo ye-1841, uMaria no-Alexander babenoxanduva kwiCawa yeCaesoce ye-Tsarskoye.
Mahala
Ngo-1856, eneminyaka engama-32, uMaria Alexandrovna, kunye neqabane lakhe, wangena kwitrone. I-Corodotion yenzeka kwicashiyali yento ecetywayo yeViskovsky kremlin. Kodwa emva kokuphela kwetrone, i-vsress entsha yentsapho yeRomanov yathintelwa yimicimbi enengxolo. Ukhethe uluntu lokuqikelela, kwaye wathetha lukhulu ngabefundisi.
Abameli abaninzi boluntu oluphezulu basabela ngokuchasene nolawulo lwalo. Abanye bagwebe uMaria Alexandrovna ngokuthatha inxaxheba okuncinci kwimicimbi ye-ARMIL yezopolitiko zangaphandle nezopolitiko zasekhaya. Kodwa uninzi lwakudala lwaluxabisa kakhulu indima yalo kuphuhliso lwebutho laseRashiya. Ngokutsho kwe-charlina esondeleyo ye-chalilina velo veutcheva, uMaria Alexandrovna wayephethe umnqamlezo onzima wokukhonza abantu baseRussia.
Impumelelo ye-erress
Akunakwenzeka ukujongela phantsi iziphumo zemisebenzi yokumkanikazi kaMariya Alexandrovna kwaye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, kwindima yayo ekuphuhlisweni kweMfazwe yoNyango eSisiRussia.
Ubuphupho, ukugcina i-Europed kunye nenani lezinto eziphumayo, zihlawula imali yosapho lwasebukhosini olwakha izibhedlele zempatho yamajoni, kunye nenkxaso yeenkedama nabahlolokazi. Ngokuziphatha, inani elikhulu lamagqirha lathunyelwa kwiiBalkan ukunceda abazalwana baseSlavs ngexesha lokuhlasela kweTurkey. Phantsi kolawulo lwayo kwilizwe liphela, i-alleds entsha kunye neendawo zokuhlala zavulwa.
UMaria Alexandrovna wadlala indima enkulu kwinguqu yemfundo. Ngayo, ifumene amaziko emfundo ama-2 emfundo, malunga nee-Gymnusium ezingama-40, amaziko angaphezu kwe-150 yemfundo. Inkosikazi yanegalelo kwi-twist entsha kwi-jithe yemfundo yabasetyhini, eyayixhaswa ikakhulu kwiindlela zokuthanda.
Phantsi kwengxaki yayo, izazinzulu k. D. uShushinsky waphuhlisa inani leendlela ezihamba ngendlela, ezazitshutshiswa ngayo i-Gymnasium zexesha zilandelwa. Inkqubo yemfundo yaseprayimari iqalisa ukubandakanya izinto zomthetho kaThixo, isiRashiya, iJografi, imbali, ukucoca, i-arithmetics. Amantombazana afundiswa umsebenzi weenkcukacha kunye nokugcina indlu. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu, iziseko ze-physics, i-algebra nejometri zongezwa.
I-Vissorfarfarfarfardinceds kunye nobugcisa obuphezulu. Ngayo, isakhiwo sakhiwa nguMhlaba odumileyo we-Marinsky Theatre, kabani soloko ixhasa inqanaba eliphezulu lobungcali kwaye limelwe ngokwaneleyo iRussia kwi-Interna yeHlabathi. Ithiyetha isungulwa sisikolo se-ballet, ekhokelwa yi-Lelorina Agrippina Agrippina Vaganov kwiminyaka embalwa. La maziko agcinwa kwimali yobuqu yaseMaria Alexandrovna.
Igalelo elikhulu lenziwe ukumkanikazi kwinkululeko yabalingane, ngeendlela zonke ezixhasa uguquko lwendoda yakhe.
Usapho
Eyona mpumelelo ibaluleke kakhulu yomPiresti kukuba wanika iRussia inani elikhulu leendlalifa. Emtshatweni noAlexander II Alexandrovna wazala oonyana abathandathu, neentombi ezimbini. Kwasekuqaleni komtshato, intsapho ye-Imperial ifumene intlekele enzima - eneminyaka esi-7 eyayivela eMenitis, intombi yabo eAlexander. Amaqabane amancinci ayile ilahleko ixesha elide.
Omnye umfuli yayikukuphela konyana oshushu othandekayo uNikolai, owayelungiselela iindlalifa zetrone. Ngo-1865, eneminyaka engama-22, iZesiarevich isweleke isuka kwi-Tuine Monakalo yomonakalo. Kwasenzeka ngequbuliso, kwaye emva komngcwabo wakhe uMaria uAlexandrovna sele ephulukene nomdla ebomini ngonaphakade. Unyana wesibini, uAlexander, wayekulungele itrone, ekugqibeleni wagwetywa etroneni, ekugqibeleni wakwazi ukuba ngomnye wabalumkileyo, nabalawuli abanoxolo kwitrone yaseRussia.
Unyana kaMongameli uSergey wahlulahlula njengerhuluneli jikelele eMoscow, otshatileyo kwi-risess Elizabeth Fedovna. Emva koko, bawa ezandleni zeBolsheviks: USergey ngo-1905, noElizabhete, ngo-1918. I-rincess ikwadini ye-Alexandeli yaya, kukumkani okokugqibela wendlu kaRomanov. Obunye oonyana abathathu bakaMaria uAlexandrovna, Vladimir, uAlezey noPaul, babamba isikhundla esiphakamileyo. Intombi kaMariya yatshata iPricelo yase-Edinburgh, unyana kaKumkanikazi uVictoria, ngalowo womeleza ubudlelwane obuBhunga baseRussia.
Inkolo
UMaria Alexandrovna wayeyindoda ethembekileyo. Udibanisa ezona zinto zibalulekileyo kubulungiseleli bamaProtestanti ebantwini nasezinzondo zobunzulu beOrthodox. I-Emplererereri ifunda imisebenzi yooyihlo, ubomi babangcwele. Ufundile ungcwele uMaria Magdalene noSeraphim Sonrovsky. Ngembali ye-biography yokholo lweRussia, uMaria Alexandrovna wazisa i-freulin anna veutchev.
Kungekudala i-theman yamalungisa yabonakala kwindlu yasebukhosini, ethi ngononophelo uAlexandrovna, phakathi kwezinye izinto, iitempile zosapho. I-Tsarina yakhokelwa ziincoko zelizwi neParfacy Kiev, Philaret, Moscow, eVasily Pavlovo-podsky. Emva kokuba efile ekukhumbuleni kukanina woonyana bakhe eyakhiwe eYerusalem itempile kaMariya waseMardalena, apho iziqwenga zika-Elizabeth feodorovna ziyaphumla.
Ukufa
Iminyaka edlulileyo yobomi bukaMariya Alexandrovna yagutyungelwa esi sifo, ukufa kukaNyana oyintanda, kunye nokuvutha komlomo wenceba. Ukumkanikazi akazange abonakalise ngaphandle ukungoneliseki kwakhe ngokuziphatha kweqabane kwaye akazange abeke ityala.
Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ozithandayo eziphambili Alexander II, Princess n Dolgorukova, babehlala ndawonye oonyana abangengabo emgangathweni ngaphezu naseminyango ezixineneyo uKumkanikazi. Ngeendlela ezininzi, oku kwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko: Iinzame ezi-7 zenziwa kumvuzo we-Tsar, okokugqibela koko kwavela ukuba abulawe.
Inkosikazi yazihlabela kakhulu yonke izenzo zobunqolobi, ixesha ngalinye lemeko yawolile. Ugqirha wobuqu Alexandrovna, Sergey Petrovich I-Blelo, enyamekela impilo-ntle yakhe, ecetyiswa ukuba ihlale kwi-crivoca amaxesha ngamaxesha. Kodwa iinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo zobomi bakhe uAlexandrovna, ngokuchasene nemigqaliselo kagqirha, echithwe eSt. Petersburg, eyayinefuthe elibi kwimpilo yakhe.
I-Mvress isweleke ekuqaleni kwehlobo le-1880 ngenxa yeengxaki zesifo sephepha. Ingcwaba lokumkanikazi likwi-Peter nakuPaul Catnikerral yeSt.
Imemori
Inkumbulo yom-MARICRERs Alexandrovna ayifihli inzala kwigama lezixeko, ezitratweni nakumaziko emfundo. Kwithiyetha yaseMariinsky, ibhotile yokumkanikazi enebhodi engalibalekiyo ifakiwe. Itempile yaseMariinsky namhlanje yeyona phawu liphambili lamakhosikazi ababhinqileyo kwiHepsmania.
Ekwindaba, uMary Alexandrovna ubanjiwe kuxwebhu lwe-rinema. I-ALEXANDERE II I-Alexander II ngexesha elinye yayidlalela loo mpahla injenge-Natalia Vlasov, Marina Aleksandrov, Tatiana Kaza Kazah kunye noAnna Isaikina. Ngokukodwa i-erress ebonakalayo ifikile i-Irina Kozchenko, ebonakalayo kwimithombo ye-ribbon ngethamsanqa le-Russia.
Uthando lobutshekileyo luyakonwabela iifilimu "Umlawuli waseRoma", "Uthando loMlawuli" kunye nongcelele "ihlwempu". EKinokarina, utitshala "Matilda, onikelwe kwi-ramanov kwindlu yelanga yaseRomanov, i-InEborg Daning Danil Kozlovte, i-mingalin dapkinkaya, i-lars idinger, louise tolflira.