Biography
UNikola Tessa yinjineli, ugqirha, owona mveleli ubalaseleyo kunye nesayensi yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Izinto ezifunyaniswayo zazitshintshe ngonaphakade umhlaba, kwaye ubomi bakhe kunye nebhayiloji yayizaliswe ziziganeko ezimangalisayo. I-Tesm yeHlabathi ye-Tessala ifumene njengoMdali wemoto yombane, i-generator, iinkqubo ze-mthethweni kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza ngokutshintsha kwangoku, eziye zezona zibalulekileyo zemveliso yesibini kunye nezibakala ezimangalisayo zebhayiloji yembali.
UNikola Tessa ukwabizwa ngokuba ngomnye wabo bakholwayo kubukho bamandla asimahla kwi-ether. Wenza inani elikhulu lovavanyo kunye neemvavanyo eziqinisekisa ukubakho kwawo kunye nokubakho usebenzisa itekhnoloji ebalulekileyo. Ubizwa ngokuba yi-Pestychics awayexela kwangaphambili kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, abanye babiza i-chartatan noSchizophrenic, owesithathu - umveleli omkhulu kunye nezazinzulu.
Ebuntwaneni
Utata wowayensi odumileyo uTessa wayengumfundisi, umama waseGeorgina Tessa wazisa abantwana kwaye wanceda umyeni wakhe ecaweni. UNikola wayenoodade abathathu nomntakwabo babulawa ebuntwaneni ngokuwa ehashe. Intsapho yayihlala i-6 km ukusuka kwidolophu yaseGanich eSerbhi yaseSerbias. UNikola Tessa wavela ngoJulayi 10, 1856
Namhlanje, indawo awazalelwa kuyo inzululwazi ikwiCroatia, ngelo xesha yayingummandla waseOstriya-Hungary. Iklasi yokuqala yesikolo inkwenkwe yagqiba elalini. Ngaphandle kweemeko ezinyanzelekileyo kunye nokunqongophala kootitshala, wayeyithanda kakhulu apho.
Ke ngoko, iindaba zokufudukela kombuso yayikhathazekile. Isizathu sokutshintsha olo tshintsho kukukhula kotata eSan. Isikolo saseNikola sigqibelele kuRhulumente.
Emva kokuphumelela kwakhe, utyelela i-Gymnasium yeminyaka emithathu. Ukususela ebuntwaneni Funda ukuzimela. Abazali basebenza kakhulu, kunqabile ukuba bafike ekhaya, izalamane zimkele inkwenkwe. Inceda ukugcina ifama, icwangciswe kwisityalo ukuze ifumane imali epokothweni. Ukuwa kwe-1870, ihamba kwiKarlovac kwaye ingena esona sikolo siphezulu senene.
Isifo
Ngo-1873, uNikola Tessa afumana isatifikethi sokukhula, sibonisa indawo oya kuyo. Abazali babefuna ukuba unyana aqhubeke nomsebenzi wawo, waba ngumbingeleli. Abafana babenomnye umdla ongahambelani neCawe. Kanye kwiindlela ezinqamlezileyo, ngokulangazelela ukubonakala kwikamva. Akufuni ukungamthobeli abazali, uNikola wenza isigqibo sokufunda iiSayensi zokomoya.
Ikamva eliyalele enye indlela. Kwimeko yobhubhane kaCholera, ejijela isishumi sabemi. Intsapho yonke kaTssa yayigula, ke uNikola uvaliwe ngokungqongqo ukuba abuyele ekhaya. Ukhwela kubazali kwaye uyagula kungekudala. Iinyanga ezisithoba zokugula eziba nzima kwezinye izifo zaba luvavanyo olunzima kuye.
Le meko yayingenathemba, ogqirha abanakukwazi ukunceda nantoni na. Incoko notata wakhe yenzeka kwenye yeentsuku ezinzima zentlekele. Utata, ezama ukuvuyela umfana, wathi yonke into izolunga, kwaye iya kuphila. UNikola uphendule wathi usasazeke ukuba utata wakhe uya kumvumela ukuba anikele ngobomi bakhe kwityala lobunjineli. Utata wathembisa unyana ofayo ukuba uza kufunda kweyona yunivesithi iYurophu.
Mhlawumbi le yayisisizathu sokubuyiselwa kukaNikola. Naye uyayikhumbula iSavatorkov, owayesendlwini yombingeleli, xa kungekho mntu wayenethemba. Ibhinqa elidala lagula ngumfanekiso weembotyi, olwalusisichiza elingummangaliso elalibeka umfana ezinyaweni zakhe. Emva koCemperate, uNikola, iminyaka emithathu efihliwe ezintabeni ukusuka kwinkonzo emkhosini, kuba wayengekafunyanwa ngokugqibeleleyo kwesi sifo.
Emva kokugula kakhulu, uTessa wabonakala esoyika manic ngaphambi kwethuba lokuthatha ngokukhawuleza usulelo. Uhlala engophala izandla. Yawula impukane etafileni, efuna ukutshintshwa kwezitya. Ukuphambuka kwesibini, awaqala emva kwesi sifo, kukukhanya okunamandla okukhanya okufihlakeleyo okuqinisekileyo kunye nokutshintsha iingcinga.
Emva koko, eli nqaku lizibonakalise kwinto yokuba kunye nokuqhambuka kukho umbono wombono wakhe wexesha elizayo. Isipho esingaqhelekanga sivakaliswa kwinto yokuba isazivezi simele isixhobo okanye isixhobo, kuvavanywa ngokwengqondo kwaye sikhutshelwe ngokwenyani, ukufumana imveliso elungiselelwe-yokusebenzisa. Ubuchule bakhe bunokubamonela ikhompyuter yale mihla.
Izifundo
Ngo-1875, uNikola Tessa waba ngumfundi wesikolo esiphakamileyo sobugcisa eGraz (ngoku kwiYunivesithi yezobuchwephesha), kubuNjineli boMbane boMbane. Kunyaka wokuqala, ukubukela umatshini wegram, uqukumbela ukuba umsebenzi wawo opheleleyo uyaphazanyiswa yimoto esisigxina. Utitshala ubukhali ngokubukhali, esithi imoto ibingazukusebenza ngokutshintsha okwangoku.
Unyaka wesithathu yayilikhoboka lokungcakaza, laphulukana nemali eninzi. Ukukhumbula eli xesha lobomi, ubhala ukuba imidlalo yamakhadi yayingamonwabisiyo, nomnqweno wokuphazamisa ukungalungisi.
Imali ephumeleleyo yasasaza ilahleko - wabizwa ngokuba yi-eccentric. Inkanuko yokungcakaza iphelile ngelahleko enkulu, emva kokuba umama athathe imali kumhlobo ukuze anike ikhadi lekhadi.
Umfundi uthatha isigqibo sengqondo yeyona misebenzi inzima, ngokungaqhelekanga ngokwaneleyo, akazange aphumelele kwiimviwo zokugqibela, ke isikolo khange sigqibe. Ngo-1879, uTata uyafa. Ukunceda usapho, uNikola wanelisekile ngutitshala weGymnasium kaRhulumente. Kunyaka olandelayo, oxhaswa ngumalume, iba ngumfundi wefilosofi yeDyunivesithi yasePrague. Emva kwesemester yokuqala, ifumana iSifundo kunye namagqabi kwiHungary.
Sebenza eYurophu
Ngo-1881, wafudukela eBudapest, isebenza kwiSebe lezoBunjineli iSebe lomyili weTentral Telegraph noMzobo. Apha, unokufikelela kuphononongo lwezinto eziqhubekayo, amandla okuzama kwaye adibane nezimvo zakhe. Owona msebenzi ophambili kweli xesha yayiyinto yokuqalisa inqwelo moya yokutshintsha okwangoku.
Kwiinyanga ezimbini ezingaphelelanga komsebenzi omkhulu kudala zonke izigaba esinye kunye nemuyile ezininzi, lonke uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo ehambelana negama layo. Imveliso yeMisebenzi kaTssa yayikukubulela kubo ukuba kungenzeka ukuba kudluliselwe amandla kumgama omde, ukuphatha izixhobo, oomatshini bokuphuma kwifektri.
Kwi-1882nd yeya eParis, ilungiselelwe kwinkampani yase-Edison. Inkampani isebenze ekwakhiweni kwesikhululo samandla kwisikhululo sikaloliwe eStrasbourg. Ukusombulula imiba yokusebenza, uTessa wathunyelwa apho. Ngexesha lakhe elikhululekileyo, inzululwazi isebenza kwimoto yombane, ngo-1883 ubonakalisa umsebenzi wakhe kwiholo yesixeko eStrasbourg.
Sebenza eMelika
Ngo-1884 ibuyela kwiParis, apho ayala ukuhlawula iNkulumbuso ethenjisiweyo. I-Tessala ebiyikisayo kwaye yenza isigqibo sokuya eMelika. Nge-6 kaJulayi ifika eNew York. Ilungiselelwe ngomatshini we-Eduson Matshini usebenza injineli yokulungisa iimotor zombane kunye ne-DC verators.
UTessa unethemba lokuzinikela kumsebenzi wakhe amthandayo - ukudalwa kweemoto ezintsha, kodwa izimvo zokuyila ze-Aneventritor i-Edison. Kwakukho imbambano phakathi kwabo. Umzobo kwimeko yokuphulukana nomchasi yayikukufumana isigidi seedola zaseMelika. UTesla uphumelele imbambano ngokuhambisa iintlobo ezingama-24 zokuyilwa kuka-Edison. Ukubuyisela imbambano yayingu-Comic, uTomas e-Edison akazange anike mali.
Umveleli ugxothwa kwaye akasebenzi. Ukuphila ngandlel 'ithile, ukumba gung kwaye wamkele iminikelo. Ngeli xesha, umntu oqhelene nenjineli emdaka, ngesandla sokukhanya sabantu abanomdla baya kufunda malunga neembono zenzululwazi. Kwindawo yesihlanu kaNikola, basusa ilabhoratri, eyathi kamva iba yi "Tessala Sun Chodi", evelisa i-ARC Lamps Shops.
Ngehlobo le-1888, uTessa eqala ukusebenzisana ne-marican george esentshona. Umzi mveliso uthenge amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kunye nebhendi yezibane ze-ARC kumqambi. Eqonda ukuba phambi kwakhe, ikhulula phantse onke amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kwaye umema ukuba usebenze kwilabhoratri yenkampani yayo. UTssa uyala, eqonda ukuba kuya kumdanisa inkululeko.
Ngo-1888-1895, ezona ziqhamo ziphanda, isazinzulu siphononongwa ngamasimi asidizulu. IZiko laseMelika le-ElectroCemans imema ukuba enze intetho. Intetho phambi kwezixhobo zombane yayinempumelelo engazange iphumelele.
Ngo-1895, nge-13 kaMatshi, ilabhoratri kwisahlulo sesihlanu sitshisiwe emhlabeni. Umlilo utshatyalalisiwe kwaye wenze izinto zayo zayo. Inzululwazi ithe wayekulungele ukubuyisela yonke into kwimemori. Inkampani ye-niagara inkampani ibonelele ngenkxaso yemali kwi-100,000 yeedola. Ukuqala umsebenzi kwilabhoratri entsha yaseTessa yakwazi ukuwa.
Ukuvulwa kunye nokwenza izinto
Waye wenza ntoni? UNikola Tessa wayenemisebenzi emininzi, kodwa ezona zinto zibalulekileyo zesayensi zaziyi:
- Ukuphucula i-Shopformenti yokuguqulelwa komhlaba womhlaba ngokuhambisa umbane kuyafana neteleskopu ekuqwalaselweni kweenkwenkwezi.
- Indlela yokugcina nokudlulisela ukukhanya;
- Ithiyori yentsimi (umgangatho ojikelezayo wemagnetic);
- Ukutshintsha okwangoku;
- Imoto;
- I-TESLA COIL;
- Unomathotholo;
- I-X-rays;
- Ukuphucula isalathiso;
- I-Turbine Nikola Tessa;
- Ifoto yesithunzi;
- I-Neon Lamp;
- I-Specimer Abekho endaweni yesiKrente samandla e-Hydroeleleleleleleleleleletric ye-Adams;
- I-Televaloati;
- I-injini ye-asynchronous;
- Isibane se-elektrodnamic
- Ulawulo LWERIMOTHI;
- Umphambili wombane;
- Iirobhothi;
- I-Ozone Tesla Pleenerator;
- Umlilo obandayo.
- Unxibelelwano olungenazingcingo kunye namandla asimahla asimahla;
- I-laser.
- Ibhola yePlasma.
- Ufakelo lokuveliswa kombane webhola.
Imfihlakalo, ubuntu obujikeleze i-Tesla, wazala iintsomi kunye neentsomi. Abaphandi bakule mihla bayathandabuza ngesimo sakhe sengqondo malunga nenqanawa yasePhiladelphian kwinqanawa, kwiMetesia yaseTugusia, ukudalwa kwemoto yombane, imitha yokufa kunye nezinye izinto ezifudulayo. UTessa wayekholelwa kwingqondo yendalo iphela, kwi-Kronike yaseAkasa, amandla omhlaba nokuba lubomi.
Ubomi Buqu
UTesla wahluleke ngumlinganiswa ogqithisileyo kunye neendlela ezingaqhelekanga. Uninzi lwabafazi bathandana naye, kodwa akazange abuyisele kwaye akatshatanga. Unamathele kwiinkolelo zobomi bosapho, ukuzalwa kwabantwana akuhambelani nomsebenzi wesayensi. Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba umntu enze ukuba ukwala ukwala ubomi bobuqu yayilixhoba elingenatyala.
UTsandu emva kokuba emkile endlwini yabazali bakhe, kwakungekho saya ikhaya. Wayehlala kwigumbi lelebhu okanye kumagumbi ehotele. Ndilale iiyure ezimbini ngemini, kwaye xa ndandisoloko ndichitha iiyure ezingama-84 emsebenzini, ndingaziva ndikhathaze. Ngexesha elinye wasela i-whisky yonke imihla, ekholelwa ukuba iya kwandisa ubomi bakhe. Kwangelo xesha linye wabandezeleka kwi-neurosis nakwiindawo ezigwenxa.
Wayeyinkxaso ye-Eugene - Ukukhetha abantu kunye nolawulo lokuchuma.
Ilitye lesikhumbuzo eNikola Tesche
Isikhumbuzo ngumveleli omkhulu kunye nesayensi yokufunyanwa kwayo kunye nokufunyanwa kwakhiwe kwiSilicon Valley ngo-2013 kwiminikelo yokuzithandela yabalandeli.
Iimali zihlanganisene kusetyenziswa inkonzo yeKickstarter. Ngokusekwe kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo, iqhekeza libekwe, eliza kuvulwa ngo-2043. Isikhumbuzo yindawo yasimahla yokufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngaphandle kwe-intanethi.