Biography
Ngokukhankanywa ngegama likaRay Bradbury, wonke umntu uza kucinga malunga nenoveli ezinomdla. URay Bradbury ngomnye wababhali besayensi, umnikazi wenani lamabhaso oncwadi, kubandakanya nohlobo lwentsomi. Nangona kunjalo, uBradbury akazange azigqale umbhali wentsomi.
URay Douglas Bradbury wazalwa nge-22 ka-Agasti, ngo-1920 e-Ukygan (i-Illinois, e-USA). Utata wombhali wexesha elizayo, uLeonard wafaka iBradbury (1891-1957) -Ukusuka kwintsapho yaseBritane, evela kubahlali bokuqala baseMntla Melika. Safuduka eNgilani ngo-1630. Kwi-autobiografine kukho ibali lentsapho: Umakhulu-nkulu uRei Reiry Bradbury yi "Salem Wish", yaxhonywa emva kwetyala le-1692. Umama Reia - Marie Esther Moberg (1888-1966), uSwede.
Ukongeza kuRay, le ntsapho yakhula enye unyana, uLeonard. Abanye babini (uSam Sam nodade-Elizabeth) bafa kwasebusaneni. Inkwenkwe kwasekuqaleni yadibana nokufa kwabantu ababathandayo, eshiye umkhondo kwimisebenzi ethile yoncwadi kwixa elizayo.
Kwintsapho yeBradbury wayethandwa. Ingqalelo ihlawulwe kwi-cinema evelayo.
Ngexesha 'lokudakumba okukhulu "kwidolophu encinci, utata akazange afumane umsebenzi. Ngo-1934, usapho lukaBradbury lwafudukela eLos Angeles, lokuhlala endlwini kaMalunyeni. Waphila. Emva kokuphumelela, lo mfana wasebenza njengomthengisi wephephandaba. Kwakungekho mali yokuqhubeka kwezifundo zakhe. Imfundo ephezulu ray ayifumananga. Ngokutsho kombhali, wathatha indawo yethala leencwadi ekholejini. Kathathu ngeveki, le ndoda isemva kweencwadi kwigumbi lokufundela. Kwangelo xesha, ngo-12, inkwenkwe yayinomnqweno wokuzibhala. Ukuthenga incwadi ngu-E. Bemblungu "vutho olukhulu lweMars" kwakungekho mali, kwaye umbhali oselula weza nokuqhubeka kwebali. Eli linyathelo lokuqala leSayensi yeBradbury.
Indalo
Inkwenkwe yagqiba kwelokuba ibe ngumbhali. Ekugqibeleni, umnqweno wasekwa emva kokuphumelela. Inyathelo lokuqala lokuyila lupapasho kwiphephandaba iMeeem "Imemori yeVil Land Rogeers" ngo-1936. URay wabhala amabali amancinci, exelisa indlela ye-Edgar. UHenry Cetler, umbhali wentsomi waseMelika wagxekwa kwaye umcebisi wombhali oselula.
Kwiminyaka eyi-17, uBradbury waba lilungu loluntu lwaseMelika lwababhali abancinci - i-Los Angeles "ye-Germas" yenzululwazi ". Amabali aqalisa ukuphuma kwingqokelela ye-fiction fiction. Isitayile soncwadi sichongiwe kwindalo ye-Bradbury. Ukusukela ngo-1939 kangange-1939 iminyaka emibini, amagumbi ama-4 yephephandaba le-Futuory elikhutshwe. Ngo-1942, umbhali watshintshela kuncwadi. Ngeli xesha, wabhala amabali amashumi amahlanu ngonyaka.
Ngaphandle kwengeniso enkulu, iBradbury ayizange ishiye ubuchule. Ngo-1947, ukukhanya kwabona ingqokelela yokuqala yebali lombhali "i-carnival emnyama". Ingqokelela ibandakanya umsebenzi wexesha le-1943-1947. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, abalinganiswa bavela: Umalume uAmar (i-prototype-los Angeles Umalume) kunye "ongabantu" kaCesi. Ingqokelela ipholile eluntwini.
Ngehlobo lowe-1949, uRay Bradbury wafika ngebhasi ukuya eNew York. Ihlala kwihostele yokunxulumana neMelika. Amabali acetyiswayo kubavakalisi abayi-12, kodwa akukho mntu waba nomdla. Ngethamsanqa, uDon Cobutho, iarhente yoncwadi eBradbury, epapashiweyo Dbblday. Umshicileli ngelo xesha wayelungiselela ingqokelela yentsomi yesayensi. IBradbury yayinomdla kumshicileli uWalter Bradbury (usapho olunye). U-Walter wavuma ukupapasha iBradbury, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni amabali adityaniswe kwinoveli.
Ngobusuku, uRay wachaza uphononongo lwenoveli elizayo ngohlobo lwesincoko kwaye siyinike umshicileli - yayingumsebenzi ovela kwimisebenzi yamabali okuqala malunga ne-mars, eqokelelwe kumsebenzi omnye. Kwi-Martian yeziKronike, i-Bradbury engakhange igcinwe ngokuhambelana phakathi kokuphuhliswa kwamagorha enoveli ye-mars kunye nokufika kwamakoloniyali entshonalanga entshonalanga. IRoma ibonile ibonise iimpazamo nokungafezeki kobuntu. Incwadi yajika umbono wentsomi yesayensi. I-Bradbury ithathele ingqalelo i-Martian yeziKronike ngomsebenzi obalaseleyo.
Ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kwehlabathi iRay Bradbury ekuphumeni kwe-1953 inoveli "451 degrees Fahrees". Inoveli yayisekwe kumabali amabini: "Abacimi mlilo" (abapapashiwe) kunye "nomnyango". Impapasho ye-Debut bephuma kwiinxalenye zephephabhuku "playboy", eyaqalisa ukufumana idunyisiwe.
Kwi-Epigraph, iincwadi zithi i-451 i-degrees fahredit - iqondo lokushisa lephepha. Icebo lomRoma lixela malunga noMbutho waseTormer Society. Umbhali wabonisa uluntu olubekelwe ukufunyanwa kwexabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo kwisahluko. Iincwadi, ukunyanzela umfundi ukuba acinge, kufuneka atshiswe kunye nezindlu zabanininini zoncwadi olungavumelekanga. Iqhawe eliphambili le-noveve Guy Montag, ethabatha inxaxheba ekutshisweni kweencwadi, ikholelwa ukuba yenze into elungileyo. UGuy udibana nentombazana eneminyaka eli-17 ubudala uClarissa. Ukwazi ukuguqukela kwiVidiyo yeHlabathi yeMfanasheyo.
IRoma inyukele tu. Indlu yokupapasha "Iincwadi ze-Ballantine" kwizikolo eziziisekondari zaphinda zaphinda zaphinda zaza zaphinda zaza zaza zaze zikhuphe iziqwenga ezingama-70 kwinoveli. Ngo-1980, umbhali ufuna ukwenza inoveli ngaphandle kokufihlakeleyo.
E-USSR, inoveli, ngaphandle kwamagqabaza amabi kwiimpapasho ezimbi kwiimpapasho, wakhululwa ngo-1956. Ifilimu "yefistrees fahrenheit" ngo-1966 yaphakanyiswa nguMlawuli waseFrance Francois tpiffo. Ngo-1984, "uphawu" uSalanda "lwakhululwa ngezizathu zencwadi.
Ngo-1957, wayeyinxalenye yencwadi yebhayiloji "kwi-dandelions". Eli bali Bradbury alifani nomsebenzi wonke. Kuyo, amava abantwana abaMbhali ayachaphazeleka. Icebo lithetha malunga ne-advents yehlobo yangoTom noDouglas baxhasa, behlala kwidolophu encinci yedolophu eluhlaza. URay yi-prototype ye-12 Douglas.
IBradbury yayifuna ukwenza umsebenzi onyanzelekileyo. Umshicileli uWorter Bradbury wanyanzelisa i-tale ngamacandelo amabini. Inxalenye yesibini, ebizwa ngokuba ngumbhali "ihlobo, i-farewell!", Ndabona ukukhanya kwenkulungwane kuphela, ngo-2006.
Enye inoveli, ukudibanisa iRay Bradbury ngobuntwana, "ukusuka eluthulini lwabavukeli." Eli libali malunga nosapho olungaqhelekanga lwe-Elliot, apho izidalwa ezimangalisayo ezimangalisayo zihlala zihleli endlwini. Inoveli iquka amabali "intlanganiso yosapho", "Intlanganiso yamagqwirha", "Umalume Einar" nabanye. Ukubhala amabali afakwe kwinoveli, iinkumbulo eziqaqambileyo zobuntwana zinegalelo. Ndikunye nenkwenkwana eneminyaka elishumi, kunye nomntakwabo eHaloween, weza kwiTete yaseNeuwe. Iqokelele i-corn stems kunye nethanga. U-Aunt wawunxiba umthambo wenkwenkwe kwaye wafihla phantsi kwesitepsi kwindlu kagogo ukuze woyike ebumnyameni beendwendwe. Iholide idlulile kumnandi owonwabisayo. Umbhali ubiza ezona nkumbulo zibizayo zemozulu.
Ingqokelela "iyeza elivela kwi-melancholy" lakhutshwa ngo-1960. Ipapasha amabali ethuba le-1948-19599. Amabali: "Usuku lwe-Mediled" (1957), "iDragon" (1955), "isuti enkulu ye-ice creamy ye-ice cream (1958)," ubusuku bokuqala besithi "(1956), "I-AIYAIL" (1959) kunye nabanye. Ingqokelela inikezelwe kwi-psychology, imeko yomntu.
Umbhali wagxeka uluntu lonke ubomi bakhe, olujonga uMthengi. IBradbury yayikholelwa ukuba emhlabeni akukho ngqwalaselo yaneleyo kwisayensi, uphuhliso lomzi mveliso weSithuba. Abantu bayeka ukuphupha malunga neenkwenkwezi, banomdla kuphela kwizinto. I-Bradbury isebenza ikhala kuluntu ukuba iyeke isimo sengqondo esingenamphefumlo kwikamva. Umzekelo ocacileyo yibali "elincumileyo", isenzo esasiza kwenzeka kwikamva elikufuphi. Abantu bahlabeka, batshisa zonke iincwadi. Eyona ndlela yokuzonwabisa kukuzonwabisa esidlangalaleni sezinto ezisindileyo zobugcisa. Kwisikwere lithuba labo bafuna ukutshicela umfanekiso "Mona Lisa".
Elona bali libhaliweyo leBradbury-"kunye neendudumo". Ibali eliyintsomi lesayensi lisekwe kwi-Theory ithiyori ", ebizwa ngokuba yi" bhenterf phuthi ". Lo ngumsebenzi malunga nokulingana kwe-FFic yendalo emhlabeni. Ibali lebali lilele entliziyweni yeefilimu kunye nemiboniso yeTV "kunye nendudumo", "isiphumo" sebhabhathane "," kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo ".
Ubuchule bombhali bunxibelelene kakhulu ne-cinema kunye nethiyetha. IBradbury yabhala i-genarios, eyona idume kakhulu "i-moby dick". Umbhali kunye nothotho olukhokelayo lwemiboniso yomabonwakude ukusuka "kwimidlalo yeqonga laseRay Bradbury", eyayipapashwe ukusukela ngo-1985 ukuya ku-1992.
Ubomi Buqu
Inkxaso ebaluleke kakhulu kumfazi wombhali we-novice. Ivenkile ethengisayo yevenkile yencwadi ye-Margaret Yaba ngumfazi kaRay Bradbury ngoSeptemba 27, 1947. Ingeniso evela kumabali ekuqaleni ayizanga nemali enkulu, ngokuqalisa ubomi bosapho, i-sinder entloko ngumfazi.
Umtshato wawonwabile kwaye uthatha ukufa kukaMaggie, njengombhali uLaskovo wambiza umfazi wakhe amthandayo, ngo-2003. Kwakumbhali wanikezelwa umbhali ozinikele kwiNoveli "Martian Croigit", ethi: "Umfazi wam uMargaret onothando olunyanisekileyo."
URay Bradbury kunye neqabane lakhe babenabantwana abane - intombi Bettin, iRamon, uSusan noAlexander.
Ukufa
URay Bradbury wayehlala kwiminyaka engama-91 ubudala. Ubomi babusisityebi kubunzima. Rhoqo kusasa, kubudala, umbhali waqala kwidesika. Wayekholelwa ukuba ubuchule bububuchule bobomi bakhe. I-bibliography yombhali igqityiwe ngaphambi kokuba ife. Inoveli yokugqibela yakhutshwa ngo-2006.
UBradbury wayenembono engaqhelekanga. Ngandlel 'ithile kumbuzo malunga nobudala beBradbury waphendula wathi:
"Khawufan 'ucinge nje kuwo onke amaphephandaba Ehlabathi -" Bradbury wajika iminyaka elikhulu! Ndiza kundinika kwangoko uhlobo lwebhaso: Nje ukuba andifanga. "Kwiminyaka engama-78, umbhali wayenesitayile. Uchithe ubomi bakhe bonke kwisitulo esinamavili. UBradbury wasweleka nge-5 kaJuni, 2012 eLos Angeles. Indlu yosapho lombhali yadilizwa ngo-2015.
Uvavanyo lobuchule kunye namabhaso
URay Bradbury wafumana ipremiyamu kwicandelo le-fantastic "ebandakanya" kunye "noBenjamin Franklin". Inikezwe ibhaso le-American Academy, elonyulwe kwi "Hall yozuko" iBhaso le-Promele (1984). Kwinzululwazi yesayensi, imbasa yeSizwe kwicandelo lobugcisa (ngo-2004) kunye nesihloko "Master Master". URay Bradbury - iphucule ibhaso le-pitzer (2007) kunye nepremiyamu ye-Bram Stor kwi-Stom ye-Bram kutyulo "bonke ubomi."
Igama leRay Bradbury yi-Averoid. I-Nasa Space Lab igqibe ekubeni inike igama lombhali wokuqala, obonise ubukho bobomi kwi-Mars etyalela umdla kwiplanethi ebomvu. "I-Istrominer International" ngo-Oktobha 15, 2015 yamkelwe igama "Bradbury" crater kwiMars.
Kwi-Hollywood "I-Lillley yozuko" kukho inkwenkwezi yeRay Bradbury.
Iincwadi
- "IIKRISTU ZIKAMALI"
- "I-451 degrees Fahrenheit"
- "I wayini evela kwi-dandelions"
- "Ingxaki Iyeza"
- "Ukufa yinto yedwa"
- "Amangcwaba obaleka"
- "Izithunzi eziluhlaza, whale emhlophe"
- "Indawo ethile edlala i-orchestra"
- "Leviafan-99"