Imbali yomlinganiswa
I-Tom Wamyer ngumnini wemvukelo, i-firdget, iqela kunye ne-adventurer enkulu, zilungisiwe kwiincwadi ezine zombhali mabini. Intatheli yangaphambili idlulisele indlela yokuthuthunjiswa kwendalo ngaphambi kokuba ifumane ifom oyifunayo yomsebenzi kwaye, enyanisweni, iqhawe, elamiswa ukuba iyithandayo yabafundi abancinci. I-adventures echwayitileyo yenze igama lombhali kwi-humarist enkulu kunye neNkosi yokuba inomdla. Imfihlakalo engathintelwanga, imithwalo kunye nezenzo ezibi-ubomi bomfana ovela kwidolophu yaseSt. Petersburg uya kumona umntwana.Imbali yendalo
UMark Twain unike abantwana iinoveli ezine apho iziganeko ezimnandi zisenzeka: "Ukufika kukaTom Samyer finner", "Tom Wamyer" kunye nomcuphi "uTom Wamsia waba ngumcuphi." Enye imveliso ebizwa ngokuba yi "iyelenqe le-Tom Wawer" Umbhali wawungenalo ixesha lokugqiba.
Incwadi yokuqala yazalwa kunye nobunzima: i-Tyin yaqala ngo-1872, yagqitywa kuphela ngehlobo le-1875. Inyaniso enomdla ngumsebenzi ngumbhali okokuqala kwi-bibyy yakhe yokubhala ibhalile kumchwepheshe. Inoveli ye-Autobiographical isekwe kubuntwana bombhali, xa sikwilizwe eliseSerene, elizaliswe ngamaphupha malunga nokuphelelwa kunye nokufezekiswa, ukhathalelo lobomi bomdala aluzange luphule. UMark Twain uvumile ukuba, kunye namaqhawe eRomanov, ukuba yinkwenkwe, ifuna ukufumana ubuncwane, yakha i-raft, hlala kwisiqithi esingafunekiyo.
Igama lomlingisi ngumbhali obolekwe kwi-Tomas Thomas Thomas, eyaziswa kuye i-california. Nangona kunjalo, iiprototypes zisebenze njengamakhwenkwe amathathu ukusuka ebuntwaneni ekude, kweliphi itayili elithetha ngentshayelelo. Kungenxa yoko le nto i-protagononist ihamba nomntu ophikisayo.
Ndabhala iproses engakaninzi kubantwana, ukuba abazali babo, bazama ukudlulisela kumama nootata ukuba abantwana abuphathwanga entlokweni kunye nempahla. Kuya kufuneka uzame ukuqonda umhlaba wemilingo womsebenzi, hayi ukuvavanya izenzo zayo kuphela - umbono "omkhulu" usesetoni nganye. Kwaye ngokwenene, lulwimi olulula, inani elikhulu lokufuna ukwazi kunye nokuhlekisa kakhulu kwenza iinoveli zenkolo yabantu abadala.
Imihla yokubhala iincwadi ezalandelayo - 1884, 1894 no-1896. Iinoveli zazama ukuguqula ababhali abancinci, kodwa ukuguqulelwa kukaKorni Chukovsky kwamkelwa njengowona msebenzi mhle. Umbhali wazisa umsebenzi kaSoviet ngo-1929.
Ibhayiloji kunye neyelenqe
UTom Wamyer uhlala kwidolophu encinci yeSt. Petersburg, i-Missouri State kwiibhanki zoMfula kaMississippi kusapho lukaMama, emva kokubhubha. Iintsuku zibhabha ezikolweni esikolweni, ekulweni nasemidlalo esitratweni, kwaye uTom bakhokelela kubuhlobo kunye ne-becom ye-becn yerhasi yerhasi yerhasi yeBecky. Ngokubanzi, yonke into ifana nomntwana oqhelekileyo oqhelekileyo.
Ithemba elingathethekiyo lendlela yengxaki nganye ukubuyela kumsitho onokwenzisi. Ke, ukugaya okungaphezulu kocingo lokuba inkwenkwe ifundiswe ngumakazi ngendlela yokohlwaya iba yishishini elinenzuzo. I-TOM enomntu onjalo kunye nolonwabo lusebenza ngebrashi ofuna ukuzama ukuzama ukuqhelana. Kule meko, i-Samyer yagqogqo yonke "Imeko", iphinde yazalisa i-piggy Bank yobuncwane bayo boBuncwane bayo ngeebhola zeglasi, ikiti enye kunye ne-titn enye kunye ne-rat efileyo.
Ngenye imini, umlinganiswa ophambili waseRoma wadibana kwi-Finna Street, kwaye kwaqhambuka impikiswano phakathi kwamakhwenkwe kumxholo wokusebenza kwe-warts. I-Geclberry ixelele indlela entsha apho ikati efileyo kunye nephulo ebusuku ngamangcwaba. Ukusuka kweli nqanaba, i-adventures enomdla yabahlobo iqalile.
Amakhwenkwe abe ngamangqina ekubulaweni kwabo, agqibe kwelokuba abe yipirates, kwinkampani enesikolo uJoe alwa isiqithi esikufuphi nesiqithi esikufuphi. Kubahlobo bakwazile ukufumana isifuba ngegolide kwaye bajike baba ngabafana abatyebileyo esixekweni.
Ukufika kwabahlobo abaqhubeka kwincwadi elandelayo, apho i-gecblerry fenn iza ngaphambili. UTom unceda umhlobo wamsindisa isicaka seJim, siwile wonke umphambili wonke. Kwaye kwinoveli yesithathu eze kwaye ikwi-balloon-uthotho lweemvavanyo zilinde kuhambo lwaseMelika, ngaphezulu kweswekile kunye nolwandle lweAtlantiki.
Kwixa elizayo, uSawer wayezokundwendwela iArlansas, apho, kwakhona nge-Finni, inkwenkwe ibandakanyeka kuphando lokubulala kunye nobusela beedayimani.
Ukukhusela
I-Mark Twain yayilixesha elininzi kulo msebenzi kwabalawuli abadumileyo. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, ukufika kwabaselula kuqhubele phambili kwifilimu uWilliam Taylor ngo-1917. Nangona kunjalo, umfanekiso awuphumelelanga. Kodwa ifilimu elandelayo, idutyulwe nguJohn Car cwell ngo-1930, yanika iinkokeli zerente. Kwiminyaka engama-40 kamva, amaMelika aphinda aphumelele - umfanekiso womculo u-Don Taylor wonyulwe kathathu kwi-Oscar kwaye kabini kwiGlobe yeGolden. Indima ephambili ivela kuJohnny fanera.
IsiFrentshi sigqibe kwelokuba siye kwi-American Boys onomyinge, olona ngqiqweni 'oluyinto yokukhanya "ye-Adventritures ye-Tom Wamyer" (1968), nangona kunjalo, kwifomathi encinci. Kwivolumu engapheliyo, idemon i-roland iguqulwe.
Kwilizwe laseSovitzov, iMariko yamaRoma yamaRoma i-Tweeders Deconders ayizange inikele ingqalelo. Ngokutsho kwe "Ukufika kwe-Tom Wayr", ityhefu emnyama nemhlophe yenziwe i-lazar frenkel kunye neGleb Zatvnitsky ngo-1936. Nangona kunjalo, ifilimu yeStanislav Govsukhin "Ukufika kukaTom Wamyer kunye neGeclberry Finn", evele kwi-Soviet fird Scan ngo-1981, iphumelele udumo olukhulu. Umfanekiso kaTom uzame ukuba uFeder peer Peer, kwaye umhlobo wakhe uGeclberry ngumsindo weVladislav Galkin, leyo indima iba ntle.
I-Gosukhin iqokelelwe kwiseti yabadlali ngegama. Abalinganiswa bencwadi yaseMelika edlalileyo i-Ekaterina vasilyeva (Aunt Tolly Saser), iRolan Bokov (i-Meff Potter). Indima yeTom intanda-i-bakki-yenze intombi ka-Andrei Mironovamamaria mironova. Iqela lefilimu labekwa ekukhanyisweni: IJografi yeMifilimu iquka iUkraine, iCaucasus, Abkhazia, kunye ne-Mississipt River, uDnipho wavela.
Isikolo esitsha esitsha seencwadi ze-twiin ezinikezelwe kwinkundla yabaphulaphuli iHermin Hungelabt. Kwi "TOMMEIER" (ngo-2011), uLouis Hofman (Tom) kunye ne-Leon Sid (Geclberry) babelwa iindima.
Umvelisi uBoris Shenfeldder wathetha kudliwanondlebe:
Msgstr "" "Imbono yokususa ifilimu malunga ne-Sawyer yeza kum emva kokukubukela" izandla kude ne-mississippi "kunye" nezikrelem "ze-screen" kunye "nezicuku ezinobuchule". Ukucinga kwezi peyinti ezimbini, ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndisuse ifilimu enjalo yabantwana kunye nabantu abancinci abantu abadala, abangayi kuba ngentlonelo kwiimpawu zabantwana kwaye baya kuba lixesha lethu. "Ingcinga iguqukile iphumelele ngempumelelo.
I-screen yokugqibela ye-phawu yokufunda ye-Tweed Tweed Tweed yenzekile ngo-2014. Ifilimu "I-Tom Wamyer kunye neGeclberry Finn" yemveliso edibeneyo yeJamani kunye ne-United States zibeka uJoe Kaststner. Inkwenkwe engapheliyo idlala i-Joel Courtney.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Phantsi kwegama i-St. Petersburg ifihla idolophu yakhe yaseHannibal, apho uMarko wazalwa khona kwaye wakhula. Imeko ye-Tom Wawer ineprototypes eziyinyani. Umzekelo, umakazi "ukubumba" ukususela kumama wombhali, noBecky-kwintombazana yommelwane uLaura Hawkins.
- Ithiyetha yabantwana yombukeli waBantwana ngo-2005 yabeka uMculo we-Tom. Umculo kunye namagama eengoma zokusebenza ubhale uMqambi uVictor uVictor semenov, ngakumbi abaphulaphuli bathanda ukwenziwa "kwenkwenkwezi".
- Indlu enamacala amabini e-hawkins yosapho isahombisa isitrato sesixeko semveli sombhali. Abaphathi beHannibel baya kulungisa isakhiwo kwaye bavule iMyuziyam ye-Becky Tatcher. Kufutshane, ngokwemilaba ye-Floini yobuchule, ixabisa "ukuba" ucingo, endaliza kulo, kwaye kwikota evela esitratweni, apho bachazwa khona abantwana kwinoveli yenzeka. Imiqolomba, apho kwakulahlekelwa ngaluphi usuku ngemini, nazo ziyafumaneka kwindawo yokuhlala.
- Imifanekiso ibonisa iincwadi Amanqaku aManqaku athabathe amagcisa ahlukeneyo, kodwa owona msebenzi ubalaseleyo uthathwa njengemifanekiso yeRobert Angenpen.
Iikowuti
"Ihlala yenzeka rhoqo ukuba izithethe zakuzo nakuphi na ukwala, kuya kuba nzima ukuyilahla." "Akukho kubi ngaphezu kwesidenge kunezidenge. Ayisiyonto ithi: "Inja endala ayiyi kufunda igxile entsha." "- Wenza ntoni ngesisa sakho, uTom?-Ndiza kuthenga idrum, i-saber entloko, i-tie ebomvu, injana ye-bulldog itshatise.
-Uza kutshata?
-Um.
-UTM, wena ... awukho engqondweni yakho! "Ngumntu omnandi, kunzima ukufumana." "Eyona nto iphambili kukukholelwa. Ukuba uyakholelwa, yonke into ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba ilungile - ngakumbi kunokuba unokucwangcisa "." Uzuko, ewe, le nto ibalulekileyo, kodwa kudala i-Mystory isebhetele. "KumaXesha aphakathi, Umahluko phakathi komntu kunye neenkumbi zidibene nento yokuba iinkumbi zazingesosidenge. "" Amantombazana anayo yonke into onokuyifunda emntwini - abanawo.