Biography
Umzobo odumileyo kwihlabathi lezeNzululwazi e-Albert Einstein (iminyaka yobomi: 1879-195) wazi nabantu abangazithandiyo izinto ezithile, kuba ifani yalo mntu waba ligama elininzi lobuchule bengqondo.U-Einstein ngumsunguli wefiziksi ekuqondeni kwanamhlanje: Inzululwazi enkulu ngumthombo wethiyori yobuhlobo kunye nombhali onamakhulu mathathu ezenzululwazi. I-Albert ikwabizwa ngokuba nguMfundisi-jingazana kunye nenqanaba loluntu elingugqirha ohloniphekileyo malunga namashumi amabini emfundo. Lomntu utsala ububi: Izibakala zithi, ngaphandle kokuqaqamba okumangalisayo, wayengangqinelani ekusombululeni imicimbi yasekhaya, eyenza ukuba ibe ngumfanekiso onomdla emehlweni oluntu.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-biography yenzululwazi enkulu iqala ngesixeko esincinci sase-Ulma, esikuMfazwe waseDanute - le yindawo apho uAlbert wazalwa khona ngoMatshi 14, 1879 kwintsapho engamaYuda.
Utata weGebrius Herman wayebandakanyeke kwimveliso ye-fiber-padys, kodwa kungekudala intsapho ye-Albert yafudukela kwisixeko saseMunich. UHerman, kunye noYakobi, umntakwabo, wathatha inkampani encinci ethembisa izixhobo zombane, kodwa okokuqala zaphuhliswa ngempumelelo, kodwa kungekudala azizange zime ukhuphiswano lweefemu eziphambili.
Njengomntwana, uAlbert wayethathwa njengomphunga waphantse waba ngumntwana, umzekelo, akazange athethe kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala. Baye boyika abazali ukuba isitya sabo asinakuze sifunde ukubiza amagama xa uAlbert wayesebenza nje njengoko eshukumisa imilebe yakhe, ezama ukuphinda amabinzana akhumbule. Kwakhona, umama wenzululwazi uPaulina wayenoloyiko lokuba umntwana akanabubi: Inkwenkwe yayinentloko enkulu, eyayisele ininzi, kwaye umakhulu wakhe u-Einstein uhlala enqabile.
UAlbert wanxibelelanisa kancinane noontanga kwaye bathanda ubuhle ngakumbi, umzekelo, izindlu ezakhiweyo. Ukususela kwiminyaka encinci, ugqirha omkhulu wabonisa isimo sengqondo esingalunganga kwimfazwe: Wamthiyile umdlalo onengxolo ematyotyombeni, kuba uyamlolo. Isimo sengqondo semfazwe sasingatshintshwanga e-Einstein nangobomi bakhe bonke: Wayechasene negazi kunye nezixhobo zenyukliya.
Iinkumbulo eziqaqambileyo zegesi yikhampasi eyafunyanwa nguAlbert kutata wakhe kwiminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Yandula ke inkwenkwe yayigula, kwaye uHerman wambonisa into eyayinomdla emntwaneni: emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iyamangalisa ukuba isixhobo esibonisa kwicala elinye. Le nto incinci ivule umdla omangalisayo kwi-einstein encinane.
U-Albert omncinci wayefundisa umalume wakhe uYakobi, ekubeni ebuntwaneni wakhupha umtshayelo kwiinzululwazi zemathematics. Zizonke zifunda iincwadi zezifundo kwiJometri nakwiMathematics, kwaye zisombulule ezabo umsebenzi wawo onobuchule obuncinci ubusoloko bonwabile. Nangona kunjalo, umama ka-Einstein Paulina waphathwa kakubi iiklasi kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba umntwana oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, uthando lwezayensi ezichanekileyo alunakusongelwa kwinto elungileyo. Kodwa bekucacile ukuba le ndoda iya kwenza into enkulu kwixesha elizayo.
Kuyaziwa ukuba uAlbert ukususela ebuntwaneni wayenomdla kwinkolo, wayekholelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ufunde ukufunda indalo ngaphandle kokuqonda uThixo. Isizathu sexesha elizayo malunga nokuhlulelana kwabo babebukele ababingeleli kwaye bengasiqondi isizathu sokuba eyona nto iphambili yebhayibhile iyeka imfazwe. Xa inkwenkwe yayineminyaka eli-12 ubudala, inkolelo yakhe yenkolo yaqengxwa ehlobo ngenxa yokufunda iincwadi zesayensi. U-Einstein waba kukuzinikela kwisibakala sokuba iBhayibhile yinkqubo ekhule kakhulu yokulawula ulutsha.
Emva kokuphumelela esikolweni, uAlbert ungena eMunich Gymnasium. Ootitshala bamgqala njengengqondo ebuyiswa ngengqondo ngenxa yesiphene esifanayo. U-Einstein wafunda kuphela ezo zinto zinomdla kuzo, ukutyeshela imbali, uncwadi kunye nesiJamani. NgoJamani, wayeneengxaki ezizodwa: Utitshala wayethetha ngamehlo uAlbert ukuba wayengayi kugqiba isikolo.
U-Einstein wakuthiyile ukuya kwiziko lemfundo kwaye ukholelwa ukuba ootitshala abamazi lukhulu, kodwa bazivalela ukuba yonke into ivunyelwe. Ngenxa yemigwebo enjalo, i-Albert yolutsha ihlala ibandakanyeka kubo, ngenxa yoko wayedume ngenxa engaphelelanga ngasemva kwakhe, kodwa nomfundi ongenabungozi.
Ngaphandle kokuphumelela kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, uAlbert oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala kunye nosapho bafudukela e-Itali, iMilan. Ngethemba lokungena kwiSikolo samaBanga aPhezulu saseFederal saseFederal yase-Zurich, isayensi yekamva simkile e-Itali ukuya eSodn ngeenyawo. I-Einstein ikwazile ukubonisa iziphumo ezifanelekileyo kwiiSayensi ngqo kuviwo, kodwa i-albert yoluntu ayiphumelelanga ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa uMgcini weSikolo soBugcisa wabuxabisa ubuchule obubalaseleyo bomntwana okwishumi elivisayo kwaye bacetyiswe ukuba bangenele esikolweni baseSwitzerland Arau, ethi, ngendlela, yayijongile kude. Kwaye e-Einstein kwesi sikolo ayizange imqwalasele ubuhle kwaphela.
Owona mfundi ubalaseleyo u-Aarau washiywa ukuze afumane imfundo ephezulu kwikomkhulu leJamani, kodwa eBerlin ophantsi waxabela ubuchule babaphumeleleyo. UAlbert wafunda izicatshulwa zemisebenzi apho izilwanyana zasekhaya azizange zihlangabezane, kwaye zaza zagqiba. Emva koko, inzululwazi yexesha elizayo yeyoneliseka yeza kwiKhabhinethi ye-SCHNider, ebonisa imisebenzi eqingqiweyo. UAlbert waphakamisa inkosi yesikolo, esithi ngokungafanelekanga abafundi ukuze abafundi bafumane ukhuphiswano.
Emva kokuphela kokufunda, uAlbert ungena kwiziko lemfundo ngamaphupha akhe - i-Zurich yesikolo. Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane kunye nonjingalwazi weSebe leSebe kwi-Geers oselula bungalunganga: I-physics ezimbini zihlala zifunga kwaye zaxabana.
Ukuqala komsebenzi wezenzululwazi
Ngenxa yokungaboni ngasonye noProdeSOrs kwiZiko le-Albert Institute, bavala indlela eya kwisayensi. Unikezele kakuhle iimviwo, kodwa akafezekanga, uNjingalwazi wala umfundi kumsebenzi wezenzululwazi. U-Einstein wasebenza nomdla kwisebe lezenzululwazi leZiko lePolytechnin, uWeb watsho ukuba umfundi wakhe unobulumko, kodwa akaboni.
Kwiminyaka engama-22, uAlbert wafumana isidanga sikatitshala kwimathematics kunye ne-fiziks. Kodwa ngenxa yeengxabano ezifanayo nootitshala, e-Einstein abakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi, ichitha iminyaka emibini kwi-Bearles ebuhlungu yengeniso esisigxina. UAlbert wayephila kakubi kwaye akanakuthenga ukutya. Abahlobo be-Scholar banceda ukuba bafumane umsebenzi kwiofisi yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi, apho wayesebenza khona ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo.
Ngo-1904, uAlbert waqalisa intsebenziswano nejenali ye-Annala Forjens, efumana igunya kupapasho, kwaye ngo-1905 inzululwazi ivakalisa eyakhe intshayelelo. Kodwa inguquko kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi lenze amanqaku amathathu e-physics enkulu:
- Ukuya kwi-elektroddoynamics yemizimba eshukumayo, eye yaba sisiseko senkcazo yobulo;
- Umsebenzi obeke isiqalo sethiyori yexabiso;
- Inqaku lesayensi, eliye lakufumanisa kufunyenwe kwi-profistics yemfundo kwi-brownian intshukumo.
Ithiyori yesahluko
Ithiyori ye-Einstein yaNdlela i-Einstein kwingcambu itshintshwa izimvo zesayensi, ezazigcinwe ngaphambili kwi-Newtonian Mechanics eyayikho iminyaka engamakhulu amabini. Kodwa imfundiso yobuhlobo, esuswe ngu-Albert Einstein, wakwazi ukuliqonda ngokupheleleyo iiyunithi, ke ngoko kuphela intsomi yesazela efundiswa kumaziko emfundo, eyinxalenye yeyonke. Ikhulu lethetha malunga nokuxhomekeka kwendawo kunye nexesha ukusuka kwisantya: Ukuphakama kwesantya somzimba, kokukhona kuya kugqwetha ubungakanani kunye nexesha.
Ngokwekhulu, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhambe ngexesha lokukhala kwesantya sokukhanya, ke, ngokusekwe kukungabikho kokuhamba, isithintelo saziswa: Isantya sayo nayiphi na into engenakukwazi ukudlula ngesantya sokukhanya. Kwii-velocies ezincinci, indawo kunye nexesha azidibaniyo, ngoko ke imithetho yeCradics isetyenziswa apha, kunye nesantya esikhulu sokuba siqwalaselwe kubizwa ngokuba yiTreenItic. Kwaye le kuphela kwesabelo esincinci semithi ekhethekileyo neyenzelwe i-Einstein ithiyori iyonke.
Ibhaso le-Nobel
UAlbert Einstein awukanyulwanga ibhaso likaNobel, nangona kunjalo, lo mvuzo malunga neminyaka eli-12 ifumene icala lenzululwazi ngenxa yesayensi yakhe kwaye ayizizo zonke iimbono ezicacileyo zesayensi echanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, le komiti igqibe kwelokuba ithobe kwaye inyule i-Albert yomsebenzi kwithiyori yefuthe lemifanekiso, apho iSayensi kwaye inikwe ibhaso. Konke ngenxa yokuba oku kuyitshilo akuhambelani kangako, ngokungafaniyo, no-Albert, enyanisweni, kwalungiswa.
Nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha apho i-telegraph ivela kwiKomiti ngokutyunjwa, iSayensi yayiseJapan, ngenxa yoko wagqiba kwelokuba anikele umvuzo ngo-1922 ngo-1921. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amahlebezi ukuba uAlbert kudala ngaphambi kohambo wayesazi ukuba wonyulwa. Kodwa isoftware yagqiba ekubeni ingahlali kwisitofu kwixesha elinoxanduva.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi benzululwazi enkulu yesayensi i-Sheaven inomdla: UAlbert Einstein ngumntu ongaqhelekanga. Kuyaziwa ukuba akathandi ukunxiba iisokisi, kwaye ekwathiya ukuxubha amazinyo. Ukongeza, wayenenkumbulo embi yezinto ezilula, umzekelo, kwiinombolo zefowuni.
UAlbert watshata noMilece Marich eneminyaka engama-26. Phezu kwayo nje ukuba umtshato oneminyaka eli-11 ubudala, kungekudala amaqabane anolwazi malunga nobomi bentsapho, ngokobuhedeni, ngenxa yokuba i-Albert yayisesilayidi kwaye yayineenkanuko ezilishumi. Nangona kunjalo, wacebisa umfazi wakhe ngesivumelwano malunga nokuthathwa kwemali, ngokokulandela iimeko ezithile, umzekelo, cima izinto ngamaxesha ngamaxesha. Kodwa phantsi kwemvumelwano, i-milem kunye ne-albert ayikhange ibonelele ngalo naluphi na ulwalamano lothando: Amaqabane angaphambili alala ngokwahlukileyo. Ukusuka kumtshato wokuqala, ubuhlakani bunabantwana.
Emva koqhawulo-mtshato ngeNzululwazi yaseMilea atshata ne-Elsa Leventual, umzala wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, naye wanomdla kwintombi kaElizy, engazange atye iimvakalelo ezibini kwindoda eyayimdala kunaye.
Uninzi oluzaziyo inzululwazi yaphawula ukuba wayeyindoda elungileyo, wayekulungele ukondla isandla kwaye azibone iimpazamo.
Unobangela wokufa kunye nenkumbulo
Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1955, ngexesha lokuhamba phakathi kwe-Einstein kunye nomhlobo wakhe, incoko engathandabuzekiyo ngobomi kunye nokufa, apho inzululwazi yeminyaka engama-76 ubudala yatsho ukuba ukufa kukhulu ukukhululeka.
Nge-13 ka-Epreli, imeko ye-Albert yawohloka kakhulu: oogqirha bafumanise i-AORTIC ye-Aneraurysm, kodwa isayensi sabela. UAlbert walala esibhedlele, apho wakhukulisa khona ngequbuliso. Wahlebeza amagama ngolwimi lwakhe lwenkobe, kodwa umongikazi wayengakwazi ukuqonda. Eli bhinqa laya kumbhede wesigulana, kodwa i-Einstein sele ifile kwi-hemorrhage esiswini sesisu nge-18 ka-Epreli ngo-1955. Bonke abantu abaqhelene nabo baphendula ngaye njengendoda enobulali nehle kakhulu. Oku kwakuyilahleko ekrakra kulo lonke ilizwe lezenzululwazi.
Iikowuti
Inkangeleko yefilosi kwifilosofi kunye nobomi yinto yokuqiqa eyahlukileyo. U-Einstein wamisa eyakhe kwaye ezimeleyo Jonga ubomi ngaso ngokwesizukulwana esinye.
- Zimbini kuphela iindlela zokuphila ubomi. Eyokuqala-ngokungathi imimangaliso ayikho. Okwesibini - ngokungathi kukho ezinye izinto ezintle.
- Ukuba ufuna ukuqhuba ubomi obonwabisayo, kufuneka uboshwe kwinjongo, hayi kubantu okanye izinto.
- I-Logic inokukukhokelela kwi-ANTE i-A ukuya kwi-B, kunye nengcinga-naphi na ...
- Ukuba ithiyori yokwabelana nobuhlobo uqinisekisiwe, amaJamani aya kuthi ngumJamani, kunye nesiFrentshi - ukuba ndingummi wehlabathi; Kodwa ukuba ithiyori yam iphilisiwe, iFrench iyakundivakalisa ngeJamani, kwaye amaJamani ngumYuda.
- Ukuba ukungcungcutheka etafileni kuthetha ukungcola entloko, emva koko kuthetha ntoni itafile engenanto?
- Isigulo solwandle undibangela abantu, hayi ulwandle. Kodwa ndiyoyika, isayensi ayikafumani iyeza lesi sigulo.
- Imfundo yinto ekhoyo emva kokuba yonke into efundileyo esikolweni ilityalwa.
- Sonke siphela sonke. Kodwa ukuba ugweba intlanzi ngamandla akhe okhwela emthini, uya kuphila ubomi bonke, aziqonde ngesidenge.
- Into kuphela endithintelayo ukuba ifunde yimfundo efunyenwe ngam.
- Ukuzabalaza akuphumelelanga, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubomi bakho bunengqondo.