Biography
UAlexey Ashipovich Leonov - Uvavanyo lwePilon, i-cosmonaut, umculi, uMazantsi oMbuphalo, epapashwe kwindawo evulekileyo, amabhaso amaninzi kunye namabhaso.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAlexey Leonov wazalelwa nge-30 kaMeyi, ngo-1934 kwilali yaseLatcodanka. Apha ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisitho ye-1905, utat'omkhulu wabhekisa kutata wakhe, emva kwethutyana, abazali be-Assestronaut kwixa elizayo bafudukela eSiberia, phambi kwabo babehlala kwiidonbha. Utata ka-Aleksey, uAlekseevich, kwakufuneka atshintshe umsebenzi weShakhtar kwimakethi yendawo yokuhlala, kunye nonina, evduki minaevna, basebenza njengomfundisi.
Kusapho lukaLeonov, bekukho abantwana abaninzi, uAlexey - omncinci, umntwana wesithoba ngokulandelelana. Ulonwabo loSapho kunye noBomi baphulukene nengcinezelo kaStalin. Ngo-1936, i-leonov archka, umntu ohlonitshwayo, uSihlalo weBhunga leLali, abanjwa ngesityholo sobuxoki. Abafazi nabantwana babasemagunyeni bahluthwe impahla kwaye bakhutshiwe ngaphandle kwendlu, kwaye abantwana babevalwa ukuya esikolweni. Ngethamsanqa, i-leonov-umdala ikwazile ukusinda kwiinkampu, kwaye ngo-1939 utata wentsapho abaninzi wagwetyelwa kwaye wabuyela ekhaya.
Ngexesha le-Eddokia MinaeVNna, eyokuchitha abantwana bodwa, bephulukene nomsebenzi kwaye bafudukela kwintloko yakhe, befudukela eKemerovo, kwintombazana enkulu. Lelo yayiligumbi elisebarrack, apho usapho olukhulu lwe-leononovy lwalumalunga nonyaka kunye nejutter. Iminyaka embalwa yabuya uyise, kwaye le ntsapho yaqala ukhwela iinyawo zakhe. Ekuqaleni babebele amagumbi amabini anambini kwenye, kwaye ngo-1945 i-Alekseevich ifumene indawo entsha yomsebenzi eKalineyod, apho i-leonov ishukume.
Ngokuthanda kwekamva, uAlyosha omncinci waya esikolweni kuphela kwiminyaka eli-9 ubudala, eKemerovo. Kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, inkwenkwe yaba nomdla ekuzobeni. Isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo uLeona sigqibile eKalineyod. Ngexesha lokufumana isatifikethi ngo-1953, uAlexey wasanda ifowuni yeinjini zenqwelomoya, inqwelo moya kunye nethiyori yenqwelomoya. Lo mfana walufumana olu lwazi, efunda ngaphezulu komntakwabo omkhulu, owayekhe wafunda itekhnoloji yeenqwelomoya.
Ngo-1953 waba yi-wivelies kwiimbali kunye nekamva le-cosmonaut yexesha elizayo: Wathandabuza ekukhetheni ubugcisa phakathi kwendawo yobugcisa kunye nenqwelomoya. Amaxwebhu e-Alexey afayilishe kwiRiga Academy yobugcisa, kodwa, ekufundeni ukuba abafundi behostele banikwa kuphela unyaka wesithathu wokufunda, bemka kunyaka wokuqala.
Cosmonautions
Emva kokusilela kwi-Academy yobugcisa, i-leonov yangenisa isikolo sokuqala senqwelomoya eKremenchug, apho kusenziwa iseti yeKomsomollky. Emva kokugqitywa kokufunda ngo-1955, umqhubi wenqwelomoya waqhubeka nemfundo kwisikolo saseSuper Chueuevsky, apho wafumana khona umqhubi owodwa. Emva kokuphumelela ukususela ngo-1957 ukuya ku-1959, uAlexey Leonov wakhonza kwiCandelo leZigadi zeHimenchug, ukusuka ngo-1959 ukuya ku-1969 ukuya eJamani, njengenxalenye yemikhosi yaseSoviet.Kwi-Autumn ka-1959, uAlexey Archupovich wayemiselwe ukutshintsha ikamva. Kulapho wadibana nentloko yeziko loqeqesho lweCosmonauts (CPC), Colonel Karpov. Kwikhomishini efanelekileyo efanelekileyo kwiSokoolniki Leonov, okokuqala wadibana noYuri Gagarin, oye emva koko wavalela ubuhlobo obuqinileyo.
Ngo-1960, uAlexei Leonov wabhaliswa kwiqela elikhethekileyo. Okulandelayo kulandelwa iikhosi zeCPC kunye noqeqesho olungenakubalwa. Ngo-1964, iofisi yoyilo phantsi kobunkokeli boKumkanikazi yaqala ukwakhiwa kwendawo entsha ye-spacecraft, evumele i-cosmonauts ukuya kwindawo engenamntu. Le nqanawa yayikukuphuma kwelanga-2 ".
Iicare ezimbini zazilungiselelwe ukubaleka. Ngokhetho oluphambili, uAlexey Lenov udweliswe kwaye uPavel Belyaev, i-cosmonauts e-Christinov kunye ne-gorbatoko ziiklabhu zenkunkuma. Inqwelomoya yembali kunye nesivuno sokuqala somntu esikwindawo eyenzeka ngoMatshi 18, 1965.
Emva kokubaleka 'kwilanga-2 "uLeon wayeliqela le-cosmonauts, eyayilungiselelwe ukubaleka kwaye ihla inyanga, kodwa ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ivaliwe. Isivuno esilandelayo se-leonov kwi-noOnonov kwi-World Orbit yenzeka ngo-1975, xa i-legending yentsomi yenqanawa ye-soyuz-19 kunye ne-Apollo "yaseMelika" yaveliswa.
Ngo-1982-1991, iLeonov yayinguSekela eNtloko yeNtloko yeCPC, ngo-1992 wathatha umhlala phantsi.
I-cosmos yokuqala yangaphandle
Ukuqala kwenqanawa kunye ne "Baikon" kuphumelele kwaye ke indiza yabanjwa kwimo yesiqhelo. Kwakucetywa ukuba "i-East-2" ifanele itshintshe ishumi elinesixhenxe emhlabeni. Kwi-twist yesibini ye-leonov yayikukuhamba kwindawo engenamntu kwisango lamasango alodwa. Yonke into yenzekile. IPalamente Alexei, iPustrini yenqanawa ye-Pavel Beelaev, yahlala ikhwelo kwaye yabukela into eyenzekayo ngomdlalo weTV.
I-Alexey Leonov ichithe imizuzu eli-12 kwimizuzwana eyi-9 kwindawo evulekileyo. I-cosmoaut ifihla iikhamera ezimbini ze-static, enye ikhamera ezandleni zakhe. Kunye nokonwaba koko akubonileyo kunye nokubaluleka kokuhlaselwa ngokugqibeleleyo, uAlexey Aleehipovich unamava kwaye angathandeki.
Kwisikhafu, kwakushushu ngokungagungqi, ukubila kwamehlo, iTachyCardia yaqala kwi-Astronaut, iqondo lobushushu linyuke. Xa ebuyela kwinqanawa, ndineengxaki. Ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlala kwi-vacuum, indawo kaLeonov ityhutyha, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba icime emngxunyeni wegumbi lokuhlala. Kwakufuneka aqhubene nengcinezelo ukuze amachiza afikayo. Ngenxa yokuba izandla zakhe bezibandakanya kwikhamera kunye nentambo yokhuseleko, kwakungekho lula.
Okokugqibela, i-cosmonaut ibetha igumbi lokucalucalulo, kodwa apha yayilinde enye ingxaki. Xa unqamle igumbi lokuhlala, inqanawa yayixinezelekile. Kuyenzeka ukuba usombulule le ngxaki ngokunikezelwa kweoksijini, ngenxa yokuba abasebenzi baqala ngayo umthambo.
Ukujamelana neempazamo, oosomajukujuku bakulungele ukwenza umhlaba ngokuzenzekelayo kwimodi yesiqhelo, kodwa yayingekho. Inqanawa yayiza kuhla kwenqabile ngeleshumi elinesixhenxe emhlabeni, kodwa le nkqubo yaphumelela. I-Pavel Belyaev kwafuneka azithathele ingqalelo ngokungxamisekileyo. Umphathi wadibana kwimizuzwana engama-22, kodwa lo mahluko wanele ukuba i-Crew ifikelele emazantsi kwiikhilomitha ezingama-75 ukusuka kwindawo ecwangcisiweyo. Kwasekho i-200 km ukusuka kwi-perm, eTaiga, ekunzima kakhulu ukuqhuba iinjini yokukhangela.
Iiyure ezine zokuhlala kwikhephu, kubanda, oosomajukujuku bafumanisa ukuba abahlanguli. Amaqhawe ancedisa kwindlu ethe tyaba ehlathini, emva koko acime iqonga lokutyala ihelikopta, kwaye emva kweentsuku ezimbini umntu oCrew Empuma we-Crew - 2 wakhutshwa eMoscow.
Ngo-2017, ifilimu "yexesha lokuqala", elinikezelwe kwiindlela zokuxhaphaza kunye neentsuku zeveki yeSoviet Cosmonautics, eKonstantin Khabensky kunye ne-Evgeny Mironov, uphume kwizikrini zelizwe.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Alexey Ashipovich Leonov yadibana nenkosikazi yexesha elizayo uSvetlana ngo-1957. Kwiintsuku ezintathu emva kokuba umntu endimaziyo, atshatile engasasebenzi. U-Leonov wayeneentombi ezimbini.Intombi enguVictoria (1961-1996) ifile isifo esizinzileyo. Lo mfazi wasebenza kwiSebe eliphambili leFleet yoLwandle, kwaye wabuya kuhambo lwamashishini eMelika, ngequbuliso waziva embi. Abazali bathabatha intombi yakhe ukuba babe ngabagqirha baseMetropolitan, kodwa abanakukwazi ukunceda. UVictoria wasweleka kwi-hepatitos enzima enesidima yinyumonia.
Intombazana encinci ka-Alexei kunye neSvetlana Leonovy Oksana yazalwa ngo-1967. Isebenza ngumguquleli, utshatile, enkosi ku-Oksana, abazukulwana ababini baya kukhula ngenqwelomoya kwi-leonov.
Ukongeza kwi-Asttronautics, Alexey Artahipovich ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumculi. Ebudeni, wafumana ixesha lokuthenga kwabantwana. I-leonov ngumbhali wamakhulu amabini eepeyinti kunye nee-albhamu ezintlanu ngokuphinda ziphinde zivelise. Phakathi komsebenzi wakhe kunye nomhlaba womhlaba, imifanekiso yabahlobo, iziqendu ezimangalisayo. Umculi we-leonov uthande ukusebenza ngeoyile, i-manecolor kunye ne-Dutch gouche.
Kwakhona, iqhawe leSoviet Union lalithanda ukufunda, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile, ukubiyela, ukuzingela, i-tennis enkulu, i-basketball, iifoto kunye nefilimu.
Ukuya kuthi ga ngonyaka ka-2000, i-leonov ibambe i-Ofisi ka-Alpha-Ingxowa-mali ye-Alfa-capital Fill, ke yaba ngumongameli weBhanki ngegama elifanayo. Iminyaka yakutshanje, i-cosmosaut ihlala kufutshane neMoscow, kwindlu yakhe eyilwe.
Ukufa
Nge-11 ka-Okthobha ka-2019, uAlexey Leonov wasweleka ngeminyaka engama-86 yobomi. Iwotshi yokugqibela, i-cosmosaut enkulu ichithwe esibhedlele. Burdenke. Izalamane i-leononov azikazivanga amaphephandaba kunye nabathandanayo isizathu sokufa kwakhe.
Gorit
I-Alexey Ashipovich - Cavalier Cozen yamabhaso asekhaya nelinye ilizwe, ii-odolo, iimbasa. I-Cosmonaut yayingummi wase-30 wezixeko ezingama-30 ehlabathini, ilungu lemfundo yamazwe aphesheya ye-Asttronautics, iZikolo zeRussia of Astronakics, ungumgqatswa wesayensi yezobugcisa.
I-leonov ngumbhali kunye nombhali ongumbhali wophando lwezenzululwazi kunye novavanyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo ithathelwa ingqalelo le misebenzi ilandelayo:
- Ukuphuculwa kwe-hydrograrability kunye nokudalwa kweSpacecraft yomsebenzi kwi-Hydrosphere (1966);
- ukufundwa kokukhanya kunye neempawu zemibala kwimbonakalo emva kokubaleka endaweni (1967);
- Impembelelo yezinto ezibalekayo kwi-Spank kwibhlogo yePilot ye-Pilot "yeBuran" (1980).
I-Bibliography
Kwingxelo ye-Alexey Leonov iincwadi kunye noshicilelo lwezenzululwazi, kubandakanya:
- "I-Cosmos ye-Cosmos" (1967);
- "Umoya omoya" (1969);
- "Ndiya ukuya kwindawo evulekileyo" (1970);
- "Iimpawu zoqeqesho lwengqondo lwe-Asttronauts" (1967).