Biography
UValentina Tertkova ngumfazi wokuqala kwisithuba. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ihlala ingumfazi kuphela kwihlabathi elithumele kwindiba le-Space kuphela, ngaphandle kwabancedisi kunye namaqabane. Uye waba ngumfazi wokuqala waseRussia, wanika isihloko senqaku eliphambili. Kukule nqanaba le-tererykova kwaye warhoxa ngo-1997, eneminyaka engamashumi amathandathu. UValentina uVareskova ngonaphakade wasikelela igama lakhe kwimbali yeSoviet Union, iRussia nehlabathi liphela.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-biography yalo mfazi iqala kwilali yamaMalennikovo yaseBig Meroslavl. Abazali bakaValentine baqala ukuvela kubantwana baseBelausia. Batshatile ngamabona-ndenzile: lo mntu wayelukiwe kwintombazana yase-Elena, kodwa le ntombazana iyavuma kuye. Emva koko uLena wavuma ukuba uza kutshata nomyeni onjalo. I-Vladimir ayicingi ixesha elide - ngoko nangoko yamnika umtshato wokudlala. Udade oselula wokuqala kaValentina uLlum u-Llumnila wavela kuqala kusapho oluselula.
U-Elena Terrerevava wasebenza kwishishini le-teple, kwaye utata wakhe wayengumqhubi wetrato. Wayethathe inxaxheba kwiimfazwe ngexesha leMVO yaseSoviet-Finnish wasweleka. Umzalwana omncinci wamantombazana Volonesi wazalwa emva kokusweleka kukaBawo. I-Elena Fedorovna ayisatshatanga.
Njengomntwana, uQerereckava watyelela isikolo se-Yaroslavl, wafumana amanqaku aphezulu, kwaye wafunda nokudlala e-dom (le ntombazana yayineendlebe ezintle zomculo). Kubo oontanga, wabandakanywa ngophawu nenkalipho - wahlala phantsi engaboyiki ihashe, watsibela intloko yakhe emlanjeni. Ebuntwaneni, bendiphupha ngokuba yinjini kaloliwe, kodwa umama akazange avumele uloliwe.
Ukugqibezela imfundo yesikolo esisixhenxe eneminyaka esixhenxe, wagqiba kwelokuba ancede umama emlindweni wosapho kwaye azinze kwisithuba se-braceletman kwi-Yaroslavl Tot. Lo msebenzi ubenzima emzimbeni, kodwa wahlawulwa kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphosa intombazana egqithisileyo ayizimiselanga: Imihla ngemihla yeVeki egqityiweyo iphela ngeeklasi kwisikolo sangokuhlwa.
Inqanaba elilandelayo lobomi buka-valentina vladimirovna azizange ziphinde zixele ezo zinto ziphakamileyo ukuba kufuneka zifezekiswe. Ke, waphumelela engekhoyo engekhoyo kwisikolo sobugcisa kwishishini lokukhanya. Ebutsheni bakhe, iminyaka esi-7 yasebenza kunye nomluki kwicandelo elikufutshane elibizwa ngokuba yi "Prepepop". Ngeli xesha, uQererevava waqala ukubandakanyeka kwimidlalo yeParachute. Wayevuya waya kwi-Aerosloj yalapha ekhaya kwaye ngenxa yokoyika ukutsiba kwiindawo ezinkulu.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi babucala i-terykova ihlala igcinwe phantsi kwenqaba, kwaye ayimkelwanga ngelo xesha ukwenza ubudlelwane obusenyongweni ngaphambi komtshato. Nangona kunjalo, cinezela uRobert Siline, awayetyelele kuye uAeroslavl eYaroslavl. Emva kokuya eMoscow, unxibelelwano lwabo luyeke. Emva kwexesha, i-valentin Aristov yayiyinkundla ye-Aristov emva kwentombazana. Sisonke, abantu abaselula bajikeleza umzi, batyelela i-cinema.Umyeni wokuqala yi-Trarereva waba yi-cosmonaut adria nikolaev. Igama lakhe lalaziwa kakhulu kubemi baseSoviet: Abriain yayiyeyokuqala ukuchitha iintsuku ezine kwisithuba. Waba lilungu lovavanyo lwasemkhosini ekufumaneni indoda kwi-orbit ngaphandle kwesota. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-cosmonauts ivela kwiholide kwi-Scochi Sanatorium yaseSochi Sanatorian. Isibini esitshatileyo sichithe ixesha elininzi kunye, sihamba epakini kunye nelanga elangeni elunxwemeni.
Umtshato wenzeka ngo-1963, kwifoto yeendwendwe zalo msitho ungabona uNikita Khrushchev. Wayalela umbhiyozo ngethuba lomtshato kwindlu kaRhulumente. Emva kwexesha, iholide iqhubekile kwidolophu yenkanyezi.
Kunyaka kamva, iindlalifa zavela kusapho - intombi ka-Elena. Ugqirha ubonakalise ingqalelo eyandisiweyo kusana: Intombazana yaba ngumntwana wokuqala wehlabathi, bobabini abazali ababetyelele indawo. Ukukhulelwa uValentina kunzima, wayesesibhedlele ngalo lonke ixesha. I-UNISA YOKWENZA INYANISO Yokuba zonke izinja ezityelele esi sithuba zazalwa zibulala abantwana abancinci okanye iinjana zokulimala.
Le ntombazana ivele ehlabathini ebuthathaka, kodwa iqhelekile, nangona kwakubakho amarhe abantu ixesha elide ukuba u-Elena wazalwa eyimfama kwaye engenasithulu, kunye neminwe.
Intsapho yaqhekeka ngo-1982, xa intombi ka-Adryan noValentina baqala iminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Emva koqhawulo mtshato u-Elena wathatha igama lokugqibela mama. Emva koko, kudliwanondlebe, uQerereva waqonda ukuba kwisangqa sabantu esibathandayo, umyeni wakhe wazibonakalisa kwi-DERPET, ngenxa yokuba ubomi babo buye ku-hayi. UNikolaev akazange atshate okwesibini. I-Cosmonaut ichaze ukuba kunzima ukufumana ulonwabo loSapho okwesibini, ngaphandle komfazi, umhlobo akukho lula ukuhlangana.
Umyeni wesibini ka-Vladimirovna Vladimirovna waba yi-Julius Shapovikov. Kwakungekho bantwana kulo mtshato. Kodwa uElena u-Elenava wazisa abazukulwana bakhe uAlexei Majorov no-Andrei Rodiova. Esona sidala sele sityelele umkhosi, sifundwe eMoscow State State, oyena mncinci uyawuthanda umdlalo kwi-violin. Zombini zibiza umakhulu wabo odumileyo weziqhwithi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umyeni ka-Elena waza waba ngabaqhubi beenqwelomoya. I-valessi kuphela i-valentina i-tereskova isebenza eCyto kwi "gorgedon-orthopedist". Wanyula umsebenzi wakhe ngotata wakhe wesibini, okwakhekileyo kwi-Ortopes. I-tereretkova neShaposkovikov Soudeby Ihlala emphefumlweni, kodwa ngo-1999 iqabane lakhe labulawa ngumhlaza.
Ngaphandle kobudala bomhlala-phantsi, iValentina Vladimirovna inobungozi emoyeni. Ngo-2004, wenza utyando lwentliziyo entsonkothileyo, kuba kungenjalo ebeya kuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ukusukela ngoko, iValentina Vladimirovna ayichazwanga kwimicimbi enzulu yezempilo.
Umsebenzi
U-Valentina Hobby waxela ikamva lakhe. Ngokwenza into eyonwabileyo, ngelo xesha, iscareet yenzululwazi yaseSoviet sergey Korolev ibambe umlilo umbono wokuthumela umfazi ukuba athumele ibhinqa. Umbono wamkelwe kakuhle, kwaye ekuqaleni kuka-1962, ukukhangela ummeli wesini esihle, esasifumana isihloko se-cosmout. Iikhrayitheriya zezo zinto zilandelayo: IParachutes engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala, inzima ukuya kwi-70 kg, ithatha ukuya kwi-170 cm.
Abafazi baseSoviet banqwenela ukuya e-SICK BAYISEKILE. Abasebenzi beshishini leSoviet labachongisi bafuna umceli ofanelekileyo wokucela umngeni kumakhulu abaviwa. Ngenxa yokhetho olulukhuni, abagqibi abahlanu 'bokugqibela' bachongelwe: Irina Solovova, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Zhanna yörkun, iValentina Ponomiva.
La mantombazana ayenzelwe ngokwasemkhosini, afumana uluhlu lwezinto eziqhelekileyo kwaye waqalisa ukusebenza nzima. Ekuqaleni, i-tererevava ikhuphe inkqubo yoqeqesho kwinqanaba lomphulaphuli we-cosmout onqumalayo, kodwa sele idlulile ngo-1962, yadlula ngempumelelo iimviwo, yaba yicosmowuting yokuqala yesebe lokuqala.
Uqeqesho lubandakanya iindlela zokuphuhliswa kozinzo lomzimba kwiipesenti zenqwelomoya. Umzekelo, amantombazana afunda ukungabinamntu, ahlangabezana nezixhobo zomzimba kwi-thermocamera kunye ne-sundvocamera, ayeqhutywa i-parachute, esebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-skatera.
Uqeqesho kwi-surdocamera (igumbi, lodwa kwizandi zangaphandle) ezihlala iintsuku ezili-10. Ngamnye kwabahlanu kwindima yebhinqa lokuqala le-cosmonaut ichithe iintsuku ezili-10 kwinkohliso yokuthula ngokupheleleyo kunye nesizungu.
Xa ukhetha umfaki-sicelo, eyayiza kuqalisa ukubhabha, ethathe inxaxheba yoqeqesho, inqanaba loqeqesho olusebenzayo, ulwazi lwethiyori, iziphumo zeemviwo zonyango. Imvelaphi yomgqatswa yathathelwa ingqalelo.
Inyaniso yokuba iValentina Vladimirovna yayivela kwintsapho elula yokusebenza eyayiphulukene nesonka ngexesha lemfazwe, wadlala isandla. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zazikhawuleza kakhulu kwezopolitiko ezihlanjeni, amandla okuqhuba imisebenzi yentlalo, ukuzukisa itheko lobuKomanisi.
Ukuba, kwiingongoma ezimbini zokuqala, abanye abaviwa babengaphantsi ku-Terereckova, ke kwizakhono zomsebenzi osemsebenzini, babengalingani. UValentina Vladimirovna waziswa ngokulula kunye neentatheli nabanye abantu, wanika iimpendulo ze-lacolic kunye neempendulo zemvelo kwimibuzo, ngelixa engalibangwanga ukukhokela amagama obukhulu beqela lobuKomanisi.
Ngenxa yoko, wanyulwa ngumgqatswa ophambili wokubaleka abe yindawo. Imeko ye-Cosmonaut ephindaphindiweyo ifumene i-Irina Solovyov, kwaye iValentina Pomodirev yonyule umfaki-sicelo.
Ibhinqa lokuqala laya endawo nge-16 kaJuni, 1963. UValentina vladimirovna, i-cosmoba yesithandathu ye-USSR, yanikwa gull. Ibinzana lokugqibela, elaliphikwe nguTererekova elithethwanga phambi kwesiqalo, waba ngumgca ovela kwi-vladimir mayovsky "ilifu kwibhulukhwe": "Hee! Isibhakabhaka! Thatha umnqwazi! "
UValentina uVareskova waya kwindawo yenqanawa "Vostok-6", ethabatha i-baikore (hayi kule ndawo iqale ngayo uYuri Gagarin, kwaye iphindaphindwe). Indlela yokuqala yeCosmoahlout iqale ngayo, echaza intetho, ifumene uvavanyo oluphezulu lweengcali. Baqinisekisa i-underokuvava ibambe isiqalo esingcono kune-cosmowaut ye-chimonaut.
Kungekudala emva kokuqala, impilo-ntle ye-gorireskova yaya mandundu, wafuduka kancinane, akazange atye kwaye anothetha-thethwano ngokukhokelwa zizikhululo zomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, wathabatha iintsuku ezintathu, iinguqulelo ezingama-48 ezijikeleze umhlaba, kwaye kwindlela eya kuqhutywa yincwadi.
Okwethutyana ngaphambi kokufika komhlaba, ibhinqa lokuqala-iastronaut linengxaki yezixhobo zespacecraft. Ngenxa yokufakelwa okungafanelekanga kweengcingo zeValentine zeValentine, i-cerykova ayizange iphumelele inqanawa ngesandla. Impazamo yokuthelekisa i-Simotor kwisixhobo sokwenyani ichaphazelekile: I-algorithm yesenzo yahlukile.
Nangona kunjalo, "i-cosmos 6" yayisezimisele kwaye ityalwe kumphezulu womhlaba ngokusebenzisa indlela ezenzekelayo, apho le ngxaki injalo. Eli tyala lalifundwe kamva kwi-Bureau yoyilo, kwaye ukungangqinelani kwapheliswa. I-Korolev yobuqu ibuze i-valentina vladimirovna ukuba ingathethi ngale mpazamo kwizixhobo. Wayigcina le mfihlo kangangeminyaka engama-40.
Emva kokugqitywa kwendiza (inqanawa ifikile kwi-Altali iLizwe) i-valentina vladimirovna yasasaza imveliso ekutyeni kwabo kubahlali bendawo, kwaye itye ukutya kwemveli kwezi ndawo. Ngale nto, waphula uvavanyo lwezonyango lokufunda impembelelo yokutya okhethekileyo kwi-Gastrointenal iphecana ngexesha lokuhlala lingenasiseko.
I-IT-ntle yempilo-ntle, i-tererevava, kunye neengxaki zokuziqhelanisa nenqanawa, ukucaphuka kweSergey. Uye wakuthembisa ukuba angavumeli nakuphi na ukuba umfazi omnye esikhathini de afe. Indiza elandelayo yenzeka kamva kamva ukhathalelo lwenjineli enesiphiwo ebomini.
Ukusukela ngoko, uValentina Tertkova akasayi kuphinda abhabhe esibhakabhakeni. Waba ngumhloli-mbandela, wasebenza embindini woqeqesho lwe-cosmonauts enomphandi omkhulu, wada waphumelela kwi-ZHOVOVSK I-Sounjinier Areagering Acaly, ukuba ngunjingalwazi kwaye ubhale ngaphezulu kwamaphepha emida. UValentina Vladimirovna wabhengeza ukuba ilungele ukuya kwindiza kwi-mars (kwindiza enye).
Ukufana ne-astronaut kuhlala ngonaphakade kwimbali, eso siqinisekiso singamabhaso amaninzi. Ukuzukisa lo msitho, isityalo se-UGLCHICK siseke ukukhululwa kwe "Wagull" iwotshi. Iplanethi encinci ibizwa ngokuba sisayine, kwabizwa iplanethi encinci, igama lomqhubi lifumene i-crater kwinyanga. Ukuzukisa i-terereckova, amatye avuliweyo, iMyuziyam yaqokelelwa kwilizwe lasekhaya elincinci. Umzobo wakhe wabekwa kwingqekembe yeSoviet.
I-valentina vladimirovna yanikezelwa kwingoma ethi "Intombazana ye-Seagull" eyenziwe nguMuslim Magmayev, uValentina owenziwe nguSofia Rorourru, "uSeagull (Valentine)" iNatali Ivanova. Ibali lakhe laxelwa ezincwadini, kwaye ngo-2017 ifilimu yoxwebhu "ndihlala ndijonga iinkwenkwezi."
U-Geresevava uyaqhubeka nokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko. Ngamaxesha eSoviet Union, wayelilungu le-CPU, kwaye ngonyaka ka-2000 wanyulwa kwisekela-dama weDuma yeMimandla ye-Naroslavl ye-Narossavl. Uthathe inxaxheba kumsitho wokuvula weMidlalo yeSochi Olimpiki ka-2014, waba ngumongameli wenkumbulo yesiseko seSiseko seSiseko seSiseko seZizukulwana ngezizukulwane kunye namanye amaziko e-Yaroslavl.
Ke, ngo-2011, ngexesha lonyulo olulandelayo lwepalamente, u-Geresev wanyulwa nguSekela weLizwe Duma. Ibhinqa lokuqala le-cosmonaut lithanda ingingqi yakhe, inceda ikhaya labantwana le-Yaroslavl, isikolo somthonyama. UValentina Vladimirovna ubandakanyekile ekuphuculeni iSixeko, evula imveliso entsha, imveliso, amaziko amaziko emisebenzi kuwo. Igama lakhe labizwa ngokuba yinkampu yezemidlalo kunye nezemidlalo.
Isikhumbuzo (iminyaka engama-80) ubudala) i-valentina vladimirovna inikelwe ngoMatshi 6, 2017. Uthathe umhlala phantsi omkhulu, uchitha ixesha elininzi nosapho, kwaye uyaqhubeka nokuzibandakanya kwimfezeko yezopolitiko. Kwiakhawunti yayo-ukuthatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kwamanyathelo angama-21. Igama lakhe lithwala isiseko se-charty, esibandakanyekayo kuncedo lwamagqabantshintshi kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba bobutshaba.
Ngo-2018, i-tererykova, enye yezilwanyana ezininzi zikarhulumente, zenza umhlala-phantsi ubudala. Lo mthetho waqondwa kakubi nguMbutho, kwaye udumo lomfazi kaCosmooke wanyikima.
UValentina tereskova ngoku
Ngoku, usekela-valentine kaValentine unokufikelelwa kwiwebhusayithi ye-Duma's Duma, apho anephepha lobuqu. UValentina Vladimirovna ugutyungelwe "i-Instagram".
Ngo-Matshi ka-2020, iValentina Tertkova yenze isigqibo sokususwa kwazo zonke izithintelo kwinani lemihla elibekiweyo apho iNtloko yeLizwe inokubalwa khona. UTSHINTSHO kwi-sums duma ivotele uninzi.
Amasekela atyholwa ngokwezinto ezitywiniweyo ze-UNPRINCEDMCMFDELMCEMFELDE, izimvo ezimbi kwinethiwekhi ivele. Nangona kunjalo, u-Qurerengela uqinisekisile kudliwanondlebe nesicelo eso sicelwe ukuba senze abantu abaqhelekileyo. Azikho iinjongo zezopolitiko kumasekela-ntetho yazo engasukelwanga. Emva kokwenza izilungiso, waqalisa ukufumana iileta ngombulelo ngo "Ukulondolozwa kweVladimir Spin".
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, i-rosrestr yedatha ehleliweyo kwi-valentina yeValetkova impahla. Kwangoko, iNdlu yeemitha ezingama-700 iimitha ezingama-700 zabhengezwa ngokusemthethweni ngegama eliphambili. M kunye namagumbi amathathu, kuquka namagumbi kwi-Posgranjavaya Lane yeMoscow eyi-200 yezigidi rubles.
Ngaphandle kwazo zonke izinto ezifezekisiweyo ze-valentina vladimirovna, iqela lezazinzulu kunye namanani oluntu alenze uxwebhu malunga nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwinqanaba lezixeko ezininzi. ENovosibirsk, banikwa igama elithi Reshina Tereshkova, beyinika igama lenye i-pilot svetlana savtskaya. Oko kunika ilizwi ngokuchasene nala manyathelo ezopolitiko.