Biography
Kwibhayiloji ye-Karl I, iimfazwe ezinkulu kunye notshintsho lwemfundo ngokunxulumene neentshaba nothando olukhulu lwezihlobo kunye nezihlobo ziyamangalisa. Asingabo bonke abalawuli kwimbali yehlabathi bemiselwe ukuba ligorha le-folk kwaye ufumane isihloko esikhulu sikaBight.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umlawuli wexesha elizayo wazalwa ewonke kwinkosi yosapho, eya kuba nengqondo ukucinga. Utata wakhe wayeyinkundla yamatyala i-Majotn Majot Pipin, indlalifa kuhlobo lwakudala lokuhlala, owayesenza i-mayoriadomas kwiyadi yaseFransi. Umama kaCharles Burtrad, intombi yegrafu enempembelelo yeLansky Callibert, yayiza kuba liqabane elinebhongo elihleliweyo. Uthathe inxaxheba kwezopolitiko kwaye wayenomdla kwingcinga yokumanyanisa namagunya akhoyo.
Ngeli xesha, amandla obukhosi be-goroust olawulayo benza buthathaka kangangokuba amaqabane eKing Majord walawulwa yimicimbi karhulumente, kwaye inkosi icwangcisa utyikityo kwaye yanikina intloko yakhe ezintlanganweni. Ngo-751, i-PIPIN imfutshane, yafaka ingxelo ngenkxaso kaPopu yaseRoma, ekugqibeleni yahlutha itrone yokwaleka kwaye yazizalela umlawuli wokuqala ongumkhweli. Nasebukumkanini boonyana bakhe uKarl noKarloman. Ukusweleka kwamandla kwathunyelwa kwimoniyakazi, kwaye utata ngombulelo wamkela umhlaba kwiziko le-Itali.
UKarl wakhulisa inkwenkwe eyomeleleyo, esebenzayo nenomdla, yabonisa ubuchule obungafumaniyo kwimfundiso kwaye yahlulahlulwe ngumlinganiswa oqokelelweyo. Ezi mpawu zenze ukuba inkwenkwe ayithandayo, yaza yazisa iminyaka elishumi elinambini, i-Pipin yamthatha kuye eMkhosini kunye nokufundisa kumatyala erhulumente karhulumente.
Ngowe-768, ipipin yafa ngokungalindelekanga emanzini nobukumkani, ngokokuthanda kwakhe, yahlulahlulwa phakathi koonyana. UCarlo wafumana umhlaba wasemantla nasentshona, kunye ne-carloman - i-mpuma ephakathi nemazantsi mpuma. Ngokukhawuleza emva koku, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabazalwana buza kuphakama, kwaye ama-Andflon azama ukubamba. Ityala laya emfazweni, kwaye kuphela yimizamo yamama engavunyelwanga ukuba iphose impixwaleko.
Imeko yasonjululwa ngoMthetho: ngo-771, uKarloman wasweleka ngequbuliso. UKarl wamthumela kumhlolokazi kunye nabantwana e-Itali kwaye wangena kuwo ngoko nangoko amazwe ahamba ngoko nangoko umntakwabo, azivakalisa ne-United King Chuths. Ngenxa yoko, waba ngoyena Mlawuli unamandla eYurophu. Wayengoyena mmandla uneminyaka yanamhlanje yaseFrance, iBelgium, phantse yonke iJamani ikwi-Austriya inxalenye ye-Interta kunye neNetherlands. Ke ngoko, uKarl ngoko nangoko ekomeleze impahla yakhe, ngokuhambelana nabo, enamathela kwiindawo ezingabamelwane kuzo.
Ukuhamba ngemfazwe
Wayiqala ibhodi yakhe ngemfazwe kunye neSasami, ethi, iyonke, yathatha iminyaka engama-33. I-SAXE yayingabathengisi kwaye ihlala iphazamisa ii-fracs eziphazamisayo kunye nohlaselo lwabo olukhohlakeleyo. Ngowama-772, uKarl enomkhosi wakhe wabamba inqaba yabo ye-Eresburg kwaye watshabalalisa i-firbus ephambili - i-idol ismuul. Emva koko, i-truce yagqitywa okwethutyana, kwaye ukumkani wafudukela eItali, owayengowe-lakontard wakhokelwa yinkanuko yovavanyo. I-langobard isoloko izamile kumazwe asePapal kwaye isoyikiswa ngokuthimba iRoma, ke uTata wacela uncedo kwiKarl.
Ukumkani waseloyisayo kule mfazwe wayenomdla, ngenxa yoko, enxibelelana nentombi yaseDezerria, eyithumela kuyise, wangena emfazweni. Umendo wemikhosi wakhe ulele ngeenxa zonke, waqonda ukuba iOlkodard yenzelwa ukuba igqithisiwe, uKarl ngokuzithoba waya kuwo ngasemva. Kwahlwayekile emkhosini wokusithemba, kwaye wanyanzelwa ukuba abuye kwikomkhulu le-langobird pavia, ngethemba lokuqinisa isixeko kwaye uhlale phantsi kwingqimba. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, i-capital yawa, kwaye ithemba lanikezela kwinceba yabaphumeleleyo. Wayethinjiwe kwaye waqinisekiswa kwiimonki, kwaye waxela ukuba wayenguKumkani wamazwe avanjiweyo waza wazisa ibhodi kaFrancia kuyo. ERoma, ophumeleleyo wahlangatyezwa kweyona nkundla ibalaseleyo, kwaye uPopu Adrian ndaye ndamlungelelanisa.
Ngowama-776, uTata wacela uncedo kwi-carlo ngoncedo lomkhosi. Unyana wokudana wangena e-Intervines kwaye wayefuna ukuthatha itrone. Kungekudala kwacinezelwa inkolo, kwaye abo bavukeli bayangcungcuthekiswa.
Emva kwephulo le-Itali, uKarl waqala kwakhona ngeSaxonyo. Ngelixa uKumkani olwa e-Itali, uKoksa wabetha uEresburg. Ke ngoko, uKarl wagqiba kwelokuba akhamisele umgca wokuzikhusela onamandla kumda ngeSaxonyo kwaye wakhela inqaba yeKarlsburg, eyenzelwe ukukhusela amatyala otshaba. Ngokufanayo, isibongozo sasekuhlaleni sabemi bendawo abakwinkolelo yobuKristu sihamba, ngamanye amaxesha sihamba nokunganyangeki.
Ngowama-777, uKarla wafika kwisicelo seRhuluneli yoncedo Zaragoza. Ukumkani kudala wacwangcisa ukwandisa imida yayo esemazantsi, kwaye usebenzisa ithuba, waya kwi-Pyrenes. Olu hambo aluzange luphumelele kakhulu. Kwi-ronselvan gorge, i-baska yaququzelela amajoni akhe ukuba alalele kwaye alahlule icala elinegazi. Kule dabi, uKarl Roland wabulawa. Esi siqendu sisekwe kwi-Leedary Epic "Ingoma yeRoland". Nangona kunjalo, uKarl usakwazi ukuphumelela indawo yentsimi esezantsi kweentaba zePyreneees, obizwa ngokuba yiSpanish Brand.
Ukubuya kwabo uKarl, balinda isikhokelo esingathandekiyo: I-Saksaus Saksa ityebile zonke izithembiso zawo kwaye iphinde ibuye imfazwe. Ke ngoko, ukumkani walungiselela iphulo lakhe elitsha eSaxonyo eSaxonyo. Uye wakwazi ukuchaza iintshaba ngexesha kwaye wabeka abantu abanyanisekileyo kuye entloko kwizithili zezolawulo, kodwa imvukelo yaqalisa eSaxonyoni.
Kwangelo xesha, wabhaptiza unyana wakhe oneminyaka emine kwaye wamchaza ngukumkani waseLatoybard.
Ngowama-788, uKarl wajoyina i-bavaria kuye, enyanzela i-Taconin yakhe iTachilon ukuba ilahle i-Duchin, immangalele ekwenzeni iyelenqe kunye nokubekwa kwimonki.
Ukubuyela eSaxonyo, ukumkani waqalisa ukucinezela i-iprintation ehlelwe yinkokeli yokunganyangeki yabahedeni ngembonakalo. Wazinikela kule minyaka mithathu, etshabalalisa inkanuko ephindaphindiweyo. Kungekudala abavukeli bacele inceba kwaye banikezela. UVidakitigh weza kukumkani, kwaye ephindaphindeka, wamkela ubuKristu. Yaba yinto yokutshintsha kwiMfazwe yaseSaxon ende negazi.
Enye yezinto eziphumezileyo zeKarl kwicandelo lemikhosi lithathwa njengezoyiswa yi-Avar, okanye, njengoko babebize, Huns. Le mfazwe iye yaya kwithuba lesibini kunye negazi emva kweSaxon kwaye yathatha iminyaka yeshumi elinesine. Isizwe sika-Avar, kwiinkulungwane ezininzi sabemi baseMpuma yaseYurophu, batshatyalaliswa, kwaye imihlaba yabo iqhotyoshelwe kwi-Francia State, efumene igama le-MARMENT. Bonke ubutyebi bavuswa ngu-Avara ngexesha lokubakho, waya kwabaphumeleleyo.
Ngo-799, imfazwe yokuqina eSaxony yagqitywa ngempumelelo. UKarl noonyana ekugqibeleni woyisa iiSaxons, ukulungisa ukoyiswa koyiswe yintsimi yeFranks, kwaye uSakson othinjiweyo wasasazwa kwintsimi yelizwe laseFrancia.
Ukwenza ubukhosi
Ngo-799, iPope Ingonyama i-III yabhukuqwa ngenxa yeyelenqe. Wajongana nentente eKarl kwaye kungekudala wabuyela eRoma. Ubungangamsha bendawo bezingenanto, indlela yokwamkela le meko. Ngexesha lotata weKrisimesi uMxhesho wombulelo wavakalisa umlawuli we-charles. Ngaphandle kokungoneliseki kwabalawuli baseByzantine, kwafuneka babone isihloko esitsha somphathi weFrank. Ukuthelekisa nabo, uKarl uzama ukwenza umtshato kunye nomtshato we-Byzantine e-Irina, kodwa kwangonyaka omnye waphulukana namandla ngenxa ye-palace coup.
Imfundo yoBukhosi iye yaba sisiganeko esibalulekileyo seNtshona Yurophu, edibanisa inkosi yamandla kunye nebandla, ukomeleza impembelelo yelizwe laseFrancia.
UKarl i, ukuba ngumntu ofanelekileyo, onenkolo kwaye ufundiswe, akakwazanga kodwa bayiqonde indima enkulu yecawe kuphuhliso lukaRhulumente. Ke ngoko, ngandlela mbini babulala zonke iinkonzo zabefundisi, ngesisa wanyanzelisa imbuyekezo yemihlaba nemihlaba yabo. Ukuphendula, bathenga ngenkuthalo abantu abayoyisayo abakholelwa kwinkolo yamaKristu, emva kokumkelwa ngononophelo kokuthobeka nomthetho.
Ixesha le-karl enkulu libizwa ngokuba "kukuvuselela ukuphinda-phinda i-caroling". Waqokelela kwiNkundla yabantu abafundileyo belo xesha, babenegalelo ekuvuleni kwezikolo, kwaye kungekuphela ngenxa yobumdaka, kodwa nakwindawo ephakathi. Ngayo, kwaqokelelwa iindaba zakudala zamandulo, ezihambelana kwaye zicwangcisiwe kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo eziphantsi kweemoniterries. Iilayibrari zenziwa, utshintsho oluguqukayo kunye nenkqubo yoqeqesho lwenziwa. Ngayo, umhlaba oshiyiweyo wawusenziwa, iidolophu ezintsha, iibhulorho kunye neendlela zakhiwa.
Ubukumkani, olwenziwe yiKarl's enkulu, yayikufunyanwa njengelifa emva kokuba ifile unyana kaLouis kwaye yaqalisa ukuba ngama-843. Unobangela wokubola yayingeyomandla egunya aneleyo, eyayingenazo iimpawu ezibalaseleyo ezenziwa ngumasipala wabo omkhulu.
Ubomi Buqu
UCarl bendinabafazi abathandathu, amashweshwe amathathu kunye nabantwana elishumi elinesibhozo. Umfazi wakhe wokuqala waba yintombi kaKumkani uLangobard waseDezerri waseFezerri. Wamthumela kuYise ngaphambi kokuqala kwephulo lokuqala lase-Italian kwaye kungekudala elitshatile le ntombazana imvelaphi yeGuiryhegags, eyamnika oonyana abathathu (uPipina, uCharles noLoules) kunye neentombi ezintathu.Ukususela ebuntwaneni ngenxa yobuntwana wafundisa oonyana bakhe, ukukhwela ihashe kunye nokuphatha ikrele, kwaye wamkela iiklasi zamaqhinga afanelekileyo kunye neesayensi ezichanekileyo. Wamthanda iintombi kangangokuba ezame ngalo lonke ixesha ukubagcina kunye naye kwaye akukho namnye otshatileyo. Ewe, kwaye koonyana bakaKarl imiphefumlo yeKarl ayizange ikhathalele, ngoko ke ukuphela kukaPipina noCharles baba yintlekele kuye.
Ukufa
Ekupheleni kobomi bukaKarl baguqukela kwisigulana sendoda elahlekileyo. Ukuziva i-ambulensi, waqubisana ne-louis of pious kwaye esidlangalaleni ebhengeza indlalifa.
Kungekudala emva koko, wabanda kukuzingela waza wasweleka ngonyaka wamashumi asixhenxe obomi, ngonyaka oneminyaka engamashumi amane owesine. Umzimba wakhe wangcikivanya ikamva lesixeko saseAachen.