Biography
I-Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadskich - Inzululwazi ebalaseleyo, i-Metachemidia, i-Meritologist, i-Crystallograph, i-Crystallograph, i-Crystallograph, i-geochemists, iimfundiso malunga ne-noospherist kunye nenani loluntu.
Isikolo sexesha elizayo sazalwa ngonyaka ka-1863 eSt. Petersburg, kwintsapho yamabanga efrijini. I-Grander Fadimir, Vasily Ivanovich Vernadskich, ithathe inxaxheba kwinguqu ye-suvorov ngee-alps njengogqirha wasemkhosini, kamva wanikwa isihloko esihle.
Utata kaVladimer, uIvana Vasneevich, owayefundisa ezopolitiko kwiDyunivesithi yasekhaya, wazalelwa kwiYunivesithi yaseKhaya, kwaye eGymnasium - Uncwadi lwaseRussia. Emva komtshato noMariya, intombi ye-the Econolali shieyeva, utata we-vernadsking, kunye neqabane eliselula, lafudukela eMoscow, apho wafunda khona ukuqikelela izibalo kunye noqoqosho kwezopolitiko.
Emva kokufudukela eSt. Petersburg, uVernadskile wazalwa unyana kaNikolai, umzalwana umzalwana uVladimir. UMaria Nikolaevna wasweleka ngequbuliso kwiminyaka elishumi emva komtshato, eshiya iqabane lomhlolokazi elinomntwana oselula ezandleni zakhe. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, uIvan vasileevich utshatile okwesibini kumzala wakho wesibini, u-Anne Petrovna Konstantinovich, owanika ubomi kwikamva lenzululwazi enkulu.
Xa uVolodya wayeneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, u-Vernadskisky ovela kwi-St. Petersburg eKharkov, othathelwa ingqalelo elinye lamaZiko eNkcubeko kunye neNkcubeko yoBukhosi baseRussia. EKharkov, iVladimir yangena kwindawo yokuzivocavoca apho wafunda khona iminyaka emibini. Ngo-1876, u-Vernadski wabuyela eSt. Petersburg, kwaye inkwenkwe iqhubekile nezifundo zakhe kwiMetropolium yokuqala yeMetropolium.
Imfundo ifunyenwe ngu-Vernadskiy eSt. Petersburg Gysnasium yayiyinto entle kangangexesha lethu. Oku kunokugwetywa ngesibakala sokuba abafundi abaphumelele banokubhala kwaye bacace gca kwiilwimi ezintathu, kwaye bafundele - malunga neshumi elinesihlanu, kubandakanya ukupapashwa kwamaphepha enzululwazi kunye neentetho zasemzini. Kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, iVladimir Ivanovich, i-Aza yefilosofi kunye nembali yenkolo, eye yaba linyathelo lokuqala lokuthatha inxaxheba kwindlela yokuhamba kwe-Russia, inkxaso ye-vernadskisky yayikukuba ngumdala.
I-biology kunye nezinye iiSayensi
Ngo-1881, u-Vernadski wangena kwisebe lendalo le-fizman leyunivesithi yasePenstburg. Ootitshala bendoda enetalente yayiseBheketov, eMendeleev, i-Dukuchaev, isiseko sesiseko soshwankathelo. I-DEKICEEV, njengentloko yesebe lemvelo, elalifundwe kwaye likhusela i-vernadskition, lanika iWarDertation, lanika i-wadi yakhe isikhundla somgcini weKhabhinethi.
Ngo-1888, intshayelelo encinci yaya eYurophu ukuba ingenelelo. Ekuqaleni, wayekwenziwa kwi-crystally e-Munich, emva koko waya eParis, kwiNtaba yeNtaba yeKholeji de France. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ukubuyela kwilizwe lakhe, uVernadskiy wamisela iNtloko yeSebe leMinwe kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow.
I-Vladimir Ivanovich yayisebenza njengezithuba zikatitshala. Ngo-1891, i-scocist yoselula yazikhusela iMfundiso yenkosi yayo, kwaye ngo-1897 wayengumgcini we-dissertal kwaye waba ngugqirha nonjingalwazi. Ngexesha lekhefu phakathi kwezi nkcazelo zimbini, vernadskiy uhambe kakhulu. Ngombane wezesayensi, wahamba sonke saseRussia, eYurophu, eqhuba uphononongo lwejografi.
Ngo-1909, kwi-XII CANCRORS yabaqengqelekayo, iVladimir Ivanovich ifundela ingxelo malunga ne-MAGECRALS kwi-Social Socieds eMtsha-iGeochemistry. Ngexesha leminyaka yokufundisa kwiDolophu yaseMoscow, uNjingalwazi wabamba umsebenzi okhento ngokutshintsha umbono wolo msindo olikhoyo de kube lelo xesha. Inzululwazi yahlulahlulwe kwi-Crystalblographlographlographlographlographlographlographlography, ibotshelelwe isayensi yokuqala yemathematics kunye ne-fiziks, kunye neyesibini - kunye ne-chemistry ye-chest kunye nejografi.
Ngaxeshanye nemisebenzi enobuchule kwicandelo lemindlobolo, i-vernadsking yasondela ekufumaneni i-geochemistry, kwaye ukufundisisa kukaPhenomena kwamkhokelela ekuqaleni kwe-biogeochemistry. Kwangelo xesha linye, lo mntu uguquguqukayo oguquguqukayo wayenomdla kwirediyo, imbali yesayensi yaseRussia kunye nentanda-bulumko, kwaye wayenenxaxheba kwezopolitiko nakubomi belizwe eliphezulu.
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iSayensi yaba ngumfundi we-St. Petersburg Academy yeSayensi, entloko yemyuziyam ye-myralogical. Unjingalwazi ngo-1909 wamisa iKomishini yerediyo eyanikeza ukukhangela izimbiwa, kwaye ngokwakhe uthatha inxaxheba kwezi ngxilongo, njengoko kungqinwa ziifoto ezigciniweyo. Ngo-1915, u-Vernadskiy ulungiselele ikhomishini (i-ceps), owona msebenzi wawukhe wafunda izibonelelo zelizwe eziluhlaza, kubandakanya izimbiwa zerediyo.
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, u-Vernadski wanceda amagumbi okutyela zasimahla kwindlala ye-gesi, ethathe inxaxheba kwiBhunga lePalamente yaseRussia, kwaye emva kwenkonzo yolwimi lwexeshana phantsi kwethutyana Urhulumente wayekhokelwa.
Kude kube ngo-1919, unjingalwazi wabandakanya iqela le-Cadet, enamathele kwimibono yenkululeko. Kulo mhlaba kwakufuneka eshiye iRussia emva kwe-1917 coup. NgoMeyi 1918, u-Vernadskisky wafudukela eUkraine waya eUkraine, apho walungelelanisa khona kwaye waba ngusihlalo wokuqala we-IKraistian Acarances yeSayensi, wafundisa i-geochemistry kwiYunivesithi yaseTavari.
Ngo-1921, uVernadski wabuyela ePetpograd. I-Vladimir Ivanovich ye-Meteor iSebe leMyuziyam lemikhosi kwaye icwangciswe ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokuwela i-tugurite metesite. Kwabonakala ngathi ubomi babuphucuka, kwaye inzululwazi iya kukwazi ukunikezela kwisayensi. Kwakuloo nyaka, u-Vernadskiy wabanjwa waza watyholwa nge-Espionage, kodwa kamva ekhululwe ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nenkxaso: abanye abafundi base-Carpinsky bathumela i-telegram efanelekileyo kunye ne-luunacharsky.
Ngexesha lokusukela ngo-1922 ukuya ku-1926, uNjingalwazi ufunde iintetho eFransi, kwiDyunivesithi yaseParis, emva koko ePrague. Ngeli xesha, iAicocimia ikwazi ukulungiselela ukupapasha iincwadi kunye namanqaku:
- "I-Geochemistry";
- "Indawo ephilayo kwindalo";
- "Uluntu oluzenzekelayo."
Ngo-1926, ukubuyela eLeningrad, inzululwazi iba ngumphathi weziko lerediyo, kwaye ngo-1928 - ilebhu entsha ye-biogeochemical. Kwiminyaka eyahlukileyo, u-Vernadskiy wentloko kwiindawo zesayensi ebandakanyeke kwizifundo zama-subzes ongapheliyo, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, ubudala belitye, amanzi anzima. Ngo-1940, iKhomishini ye-UICRAIUM ihamba iKhomishini ye-UIRAUI, enyanisweni, iba ngumsunguli wenkqubo yenyukliya yeSoviet Union.
I-noosphere
Ngokuka-Vernadskiy, indalo esebenzayo yinkqubo esebenzayo, yokuzikhulisa kunye nelungelelanisiweyo. Umbutho wayo kungenxa yokufuduka izinto zekhemikhali ezenziwe ngowona mthombo wobomi, amandla eLanga. Inkqubo yendawo enye yokusingqongileyo iqulathe i-biospherial enxibelelana ne-geograph.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, inzululwazi yesayensi yeza ukumiswa kunye nokumiselwa komxholo we-noosphere, njengomntu oguqulweyo ngenxa yefuthe lomntu lendalo. UVernadskiy wayekholelwa kwizenzo ezihlanganisiweyo zobukrelekrele lwalo lonke uluntu, engalahlwanga nje iimfuno zabo, kodwa kwanendalo yokulingana nendalo, isifundo kunye nokugcinwa kwendalo esifanelekileyo kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
Ikamva loluntu labona inzululwazi ngobomi obunobuchule bekwakhiwe ngokufanelekileyo, ngokusekelwe kubuchule bokuyila kunye nezinto ezintsha. Umntu oguqula umhlaba, okhokelwa yimithetho yendalo esiphilayo, kwaye emva koko wonke uGespheres, umhlaba omeleleyo, ohlanganisiweyo kwaye uphuculwe kwindalo, iya kubandakanywa kwi-nosyer, iya kubandakanywa kwindalo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1886, u-Vernadskiy ubophelele ubomi bakhe emtshatweni noNatalia Egovna Statatsky. Esi sibini siphila kumphefumlo wamashumi amahlanu iminyaka iminyaka emithandathu, sifikelele ekufeni kukaNatalia Egorovna ngo-1943.
Babenabantwana ababini, emva kokuba abo bafayo ekufudukeni: oba ngumbhali-mbali odumileyo, noNina, ababesebenza njengoluhlu lwezengqondo.
Ukufa
Iqabane likaVladimir Ivanovich lisweleke kwaye langcwatyelwa eKazakhstan, apho usapho lwaluhlala khona kwintsapho ngexesha lokuphuma. I-vernadsky ngokwakhe ngokwakhe emva kokusweleka komfazi wakhe ibuyele eMoscow, apho wasweleka khona ngoJanuwari 1945 emva kokubetha.
I-biography yenzululwazi yesayensi eyenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwiSayensi yaseRussia, eSoviet kunye neSayensi yeHlabathi bubuchule obuqaqambileyo bokungasebenzi kakuhle komsebenzi, ukujongela phantsi kolwazi kunye netalente yetalente kunye netalente ye-Intanethi. Wavula ntoni uVernadskiy? Inzululwazi yesazisa kwaye yaqulunqa imithetho yezinto ezenziwa yimisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo kwindalo, yaphuhlisa imfundiso yendalo kunye nendalo ephilayo kunye nezinye indaleko.
I-Bibliography
I-Peru iSayensi ingaba amanqaku angaphezu kwama-700 kwaye isebenza. Kupapasho lwangoku, unokuzifumana nale qokelelo lulandelayo:
- I-Vernadskisky, v.i.i.i. Iitoni ezingama-24 (2013);
- I-Vernadskiy, v. I. Iingcinga zentanda-bulumko yeNarurist (1988);
- I-Vernadskiy, v.i.ingqokelela yesayensi njenge-planemarity (1991);
- Vernadskiy, v.i.i-biospheres kunye ne-noosphere. (2012);
- Vernadskisky, v.i. Kwinzululwazi. Umthamo 1. Ulwazi lwezenzululwazi. Ubuchule besayensi. Ingcinga yesayensi. (1997).