Biography
UJohn Davison Rockefeller yeyona ndoda isisizana emhlabeni kwimbali yoluntu.
I-Billionaire yazalwa nge-8 kaJulayi, nge-1839 kwidolophu yaseTrasford yaseNew York. Bobabini abazali, uWilliam Wonke rockefeler noLouise Selianto, babengamarhamente kwicawa yeBhaptizi. Abantwana abathandathu bakhuselwa kwiintsapho, ooYohane babeyiminyaka yesibini. UWilliam wasebenza njengoluntu kwaye waphakamisa ubuchule phakathi kwabantwana ukurhweba. Ngenxa yoku, utata wafumana uYohane kwimicimbi yekhaya. Ngexesha lokuhamba, u-William Umama, ongekasebenzi naphi na, kwaye wayenendlu kuphela, kwakufuneka asindise, kwaye obu buchule bouise bavuselele inzala.
UJohn omncinci wayekhe wabonakalisa i-smalter yentengiso - wathengisa oodade abayivelelayo. Kwaye eneminyaka eyi-7, inkwenkwe iqeshe kubamelwane kwifama, apho wafumana imali yokuqala ngokuqokelela iitapile kunye neTurkey ekhula. Ukusukela kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi bokusebenza, iRockefefeller yaqala incwadi enika ingxelo, efanele ingeniso kunye neenkcitho.
UJohn uJohn wenza inkwenkwe ethe cwaka kwimbono ejikelezileyo. Umntwana owomileyo nongenamda wakhulelwa ixesha elide kwaye akazange akhawuleze enze izigqibo. Kodwa enyanisweni, uJohn wayeyinkwenkwe enobuthandele, wafumana ukuphulukana nodade wabo osweleke emntwaneni. Emva kokusweleka kwentombazana, uJohn walala phantsi engca kwindlu iiyure ezili-12.
Esikolweni, iRockefeller yayingakuthandi ukufunda, nangona ootitshala babhiyozela imemori yekhonkco kunye nokukwazi ukucinga ngokusengqiqweni. Kwiminyaka yokufunda, uJohn waqalisa ishishini laseSunder. URockefeller waqonda ukuba, ukuncama imali encinci yenzala encinci, inokufunyanwa ngaphandle kobunzima. Inkwenkwe yayingafuni ukuba likhoboka lemali kwaye isebenzele imihla ngemihla nobusuku, uJohn wagqiba kwelokuba enze imali namakhoboka akhe azenzele ukuze asebenze kuye. Emva kokuphumelela esikolweni, uJohn waba ngumfundi wekholeji yentengiso, ngoko ke ishishini laseNcinci lahlala kwiikhosi ze-Accounting ezintathu, apho waqonda khona iinciniba ezifanelekileyo ze-seaser.
Ishishini
Ngo-1855, uJohn walungiselela ukuba umsebenzi wokuqala kunye nomqeshwa kuphela kwi-hewwitt kunye ne-tutle kwisebe le-Akhawuntingi. Umfana waqala kumvuzo we- $ 17, kodwa emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa umfana wafumana ukwanda ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25 yeedola. Kunyaka kamva, i-rockefelerler yonyula inkampani yolawulo. UJohn waqalisa ukufumana umvuzo wama-20 umvuzo weakhawunti. Kodwa umfana omncinci akazange alingane le mali, kuba umphathi wangaphambili ahlawule ngaphezulu kwaye, akasebenzi ngaphandle nonyaka, uJohn wagxotha ukuba aqalise ishishini lakhe.
Ukuze ube liqabane losomashishini wase-UK, iRockefeller kwafuneka athathe i-1200 yeedola kwi-10% ngonyaka. Ngokuchwetheza iidola ezingama-2000, iRockefeller yaba liqabane kunye nomnini wezabelo zenkampani "clark kunye ne-rochester". Inkampani ithengise iimveliso zezolimo. URockefeller Ngokukhawuleza waphumelela ukuzithemba kwamaqabane ngobambisi beshishini, intuition kunye nokunyaniseka. Lo mfana wabandakanyeka kulawulo lwemicimbi yezemali yenkampani.
Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19 eMelika, ukuphuculwa kwentengiso entsha yentengiso-ishishini lokucoca ioli, njengoko i-serosene lamps yaqala ukusebenzisa idumbu. UJohn udidekile uRockefelerler Mema ucela ukuba usebenzise icebo likaSamuel Andrews kwaye wenza iqabane lenkampani entsha kunye noClark. Iqabane langaphambili eClark lalingafuni ukuba nenxaxheba kwishishini elinjalo, kwaye kwafuneka athengele isabelo kwinkampani aze athabathe ulawulo lomsebenzi.
Kwi-31, i-rockefelerdaler idala ioyile esemgangathweni, ebandakanyeka kumjikelo ogqibeleleyo wemveliso ye-kerosene, isuka kwimveliso yeoyile, iphele ngokuthengisa iimveliso ezigqityiweyo. I-pecaraIsity yokwenza ishishini yayiyinyani yokuba uJohn akazange ahlawule abasebenzi ukuba bahlawule imali. UShishino wakhupha ukhuthazo lwezabelo zeshishini. Indlela enjalo yavumela abasebenzi ukuba basebenze noxanduva olungakumbi, ukusukela ngoku intlalontle ixhomekeke kwimpumelelo yenkampani.
Uphuhliso lweshishini laseRockefelerleller lwahamba amazinga amakhulu. Ngenxa yeshishini kunye nokukwazi ukuxoxa nabantu abanefuthe, uJohn wafezekiswa kwinkampani yayo yokuncitshiswa kwamaxabiso okuthuthwa kwemithwalo kuloliwe. Xa kuthelekiswa nabakhuphisana, iimveliso ze-IORA ze-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-Indestim yePetroli yathuthwa i-2-3 tiaper. I-rockefeller ke yanyanzela ezinye iinkampani zeoyile zokuthengisa ukuveliswa kweoyile esemgangathweni. Ke, usomashishini okwinkonzo eguqukayo waguqukela ekubeni yi-monopolist.
Ngo-1890, umthetho wase-US antimonolly of Sherman Senator, owawubhekiswa kwimisebenzi yeoyile yomgangatho. I-rockefeller kangangesithuba seminyaka engama-20 yanyanzeliswa ukuba ityumze imveliso kumashishini angama-34 aphantsi kolawulo. Kulowo ngamnye kubo, uJohn wayigcina ilungelo lokufumana isibonda esiligunya. ICandelo elinjalo leShishini linefuthe elihle kwi-capital ye-tynate, iRockefeller iqhubela phambili umvuzo wayo.
Ilizwe
Qho ngonyaka ukusuka kwimisebenzi yeoyile esemgangathweni, ingeniso kaJohn Rockefeler yayizizigidi ezi-3. Ngexesha lokufa kwi-oyile ye-ogret yayiyi-70 yeebhiliyoni. Ngokwesinga le-DOLRER yeDolamente yangoku, le yi- $ 318 yezigidigidi okanye i-1.5% ye-United States GDP. I-rockefeller enezinkampani ezili-16 zoololiwe, izityalo ezi-6 zentsimbi, amashishini ayi-6 athumela amashishini. I-Shiloman yayingabenki ezi-9, iifemu ezingama-9.URockefeliller wayejikelezisa ubunewunewu bakhe ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, kodwa akazange abhengeze phambi koluntu. Intsapho ye-Magnate yabanikwa i-orenji ye-orenji, i-viver kunye ne-fertion, i-heckisi ye-273 yeehektare. Umdlalo owuthandayo kaJohn Rockefeler yayinguGalufa, ngenxa yoko ukuze asebenzise umntu kwindawo yebhiliyoni aqukethe umhlaba wokudlala. Intlalontle yakhe, uMarnate wachazela uqeqesho kwaye egcina imithetho yegolide ye-12 yegolide, eyaphulwe uYohane kwasebutsheni bakhe.
Ububele
UJohn Rockefeller watyelela icawe yamaProtestanti ukusuka ebuntwaneni kwaye, njengomKristu ongumzekelo, ukusuka kwimivuzo yokuqala, ukusuka kwimivuzo yokuqala yaqala ukudwelisa izishumi zeemfuno zecawa, ezazityelele. Umkhwa wakho, ioyile ayitshintshanga de kuphele ubomi. I-Magnate idweliswe i-100 yeedola yezigidi. Ukongeza kwiminikelo, iCawe yaseRockefeleller yayingusisa. UJohn udwelise imali yeDyunivesithi yaseChicago, iNew York iZiko loPhando lwezoNyango, uMdali wawo wayenguYohane. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iRockefeller idale "iBhunga leMfundo leHlabathi" kunye neRockefefeller.
I-tycoon ye-oyile ibhalile inani leencwadi zebhayiloji, owokuqala loluphi uhlelo lwe-1909 "iinkumbulo zabantu nemisitho". Ngo-1910, incwadi yeRockefeller "Indlela endiyinike ngayo i-500,000 yeedola" 000 000 000 000 000 malunga nembali yokuphucula yapapashwa. Ngo-1913, umrhwebi wabhala incwadi ethi "Iimemo", ezichaza zonke iinyani ezinomdla zebhayiloji yakhe.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-25, uJohn Rockefelerler watshata notitshala waseLore Delecia wasekhaya olusisityebi. Intombazana itsalele umkhweli nge-proity. Ulutsha lwangena kwimvakalelo yothando omnye komnye kwaye ujonge ubomi kunye nentlalo-ntle yosapho. Zombini zazivela ezigqithisileyo kwaye zingenakuzimisela kwiminqweno.
Intsapho yaseRomafefeller yazalwa ezi-4 iintombi zikaHerire-unyana kaJohn D. Rockefeler Jr., owaba ngumlandeli weshishini likayise. Naxa iRockefeliller yafumana i-oyile ecociweyo kwiCleveland, usapho lwaqhubeka luphila kwindawo yokuhlala esuswayo kwaye aluzange lubambe isicaka. Njengoko inyibilike yeoli ngokwayo yabhala, impumelelo kaYohane inyanzelekile kumfazi wayo.
Emva kokusweleka kweqabane, uJohn Rockefeller wayephila ixesha elide. I-Wioliman wayeyithanda ibutho labasetyhini, ngokuthe ngcembe waqhelanga ukunxiba iimpahla ezibizayo. I-rockeferes ye-rockefeller ye-rockefeliler yayingumtya ovuthuzayo, apho usomashishini osele ekhulile wayedla ngokufumana ifoto.
Abantwana bakaYohane bakhulisa ngendlela yantlandlolo. Umntwana ngamnye wayenencwadi ye-akhawunti apho irekhodi lemali kunye neendleko zabhalwa. Kwindlu yaseRockefeller, bekukho inkqubo ethile yokukhuthaza abantwana ukuba basebenze. UJohn waceba iintombi nonyana ngokugatya kwazo naziphi na izibonelelo. Umzekelo, ngemini engenasipili, umntwana wayeyindawo yemali.
UJohn D. Rockefeller Jr. unamaxesha amaninzi ukwandisa imeko yequmrhu losapho. Kwaye abazukulwana abahlanu, eyona nto idume ngayo yayingubani uNelson, uWintere noDavid, abathathe inxaxheba kubomi bezopolitiko noqoqosho lwaseUnited States kude kube sekuqalekeni kwenkulungwane yama-21.
Ukufa
UJohn Rockefeller wayenamaphupha amabini kubomi babo abangazange bazenzele iminyaka eli-100 ubudala kwaye bafumana i-100 yeedola ezingamawaka amawaka. U-John Rockefeler wafa ngoMeyi 23, 1937 ukusuka kwintliziyo eFlorida.Iikowuti
Iingcaphuno ezidumileyo zePetroleum tycoon:
Ngubani osebenza imini yonke, akukho xesha lokufumana imali; impilo-ntle yakho ixhomekeke kwizigqibo zakho; Ukuba ukuphela kwenjongo yakho kukuba sisityebi, awusoze ufikelele.I-12 imigaqo yeRockefeller
- Umsebenzi omncinci ebantwini. Okukhona ungazisebenzeli ngokwakho, ukhawuleze unezinto ezininzi. Igama elithi "umsebenzi" linengcambu 'yekhoboka.'
- Gcina ngokufanelekileyo imali-thatha inyathelo lokuphumelela. Thenga iimveliso apho i-shouaper okanye i-veledale, lungisa uluhlu lwezinto ezifanelekileyo, lokuthenga ngokoluhlu olu luhlu, ngokulandelelana.
- Ukuba uhlwempuzekile - qala ukwenza ishishini. Ukuba awunayo ipeni, kuya kufuneka uvule ishishini ngoku ngaphandle kokuthintela umzuzu.
- Indlela yokuphumelela, indlela eya kubutyebi obukhulu idlula kwingeniso eguqukayo.
- Iphupha lokufumana ubuncinci i-50, 000 yeedola ngenyanga, kodwa mhlawumbi ngaphezulu.
- Imali iza kuwe ngaphandle kwabanye abantu. Unxibelelwano, inkoliseko yenza abantu babe sisityebi. Umntu ongavumisekiyo kunqabile ukuba sisityebi.
- Imo engekho mthethweni, abantu abangaphumelelanga batsalwa kubuhlwempu kwaye basilele. Kufuneka ujikeleze ngokwabantu abaphumeleleyo kunye nethemba.
- Sukuza nesizathu sokuba nethuba lokuhlehlisa inyathelo lokuqala lokufezekisa injongo yakho-ayinjalo.
- Funda iimbali kunye neengcinga zabantu abatyebileyo behlabathi abaphumelele. Imbali yobomi bomntu ophumeleleyo iya kunceda ekufezweni wonke umntu-le yintsingiselo yale nterupetion.
- Amaphupha yinto ephambili ebomini bakho. Eyona nto iphambili kukuphupha kwaye ukholelwe ukuba amaphupha aya kuzaliseka. Indoda iqala ukufa xa imayile iphupha.
- Nceda abantu abanayo imali, kodwa entliziyweni esulungekileyo. Nika i-10% yenzuzo yoCurty. Oko kukuthi, umntu ngamnye kufuneka ancede afuneke. Oku kungqinwa libali lempumelelo likaJohn Rockefeller.
- Yenza inkqubo yeshishini kwaye ukonwabele imali yakho efunyenwe. Intsingiselo yale ntelekelelo kukuba umntu ufanele asebenze ukuze aphile ngolonwabo, kwaye engathethi ngobutyebi.