Biography
I-Demen Dejnev -Umhlaba wasemhlabeni, uCossack Ataman, odumileyo ngokwenza uphando eSiberia.
UDezhnev wazalelwa malunga ne-1605, nangona ababhali-mbali abanawo amaxwebhu angqina le nyaniso. Ngokuphathelele indawo yokuzalwa, iVanovich ayinaMvumelwano. Uninzi lwebhagrafi luyayithintela kwinyaniso yokuba i-Dejnev, njengabanye abantu abaninzi bomhlaba (Vallily Poyorkov, ye-Vading Posarkov, Vladimir Atlasov) wazalelwa kwi-Veliky waseVeliky waseVeliky waseVeliky waseVeliky. Kule dolophu namhlanje sisikhumbuzo kwiDezhnjevu.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubungqina bokuba kumlambo wepinege kwingingqi yeKirthangenils kwinkulungwane ye-16 (okanye ngaphambili), abantu basePomor Djenev, kwizalamane zeMbewu yaseAtaman zahlala.
UDezhnev wazalelwa kwintsapho elula ye-peaszlis kunye ne-svrzlism yajoyina umsebenzi ohlukeneyo nomlinganiso wabafundi bakhe: Wahamba nabazali bakhe, wafunda igiya yokuloba, wakwazi ukusekwa kweendawo zokuhambisa kunye nokuchwechwa.
Ukuhamba ngeenyawo
Ngo-1630, baqala abantu bakhululeke ukuba bakhonze eSiberia. ETobolsk, kwafuneka ama-500 amadoda, awela phakathi kwabo noDezhnev. Inqaku lokuqulunqa lokutyibilikwa, elalithunyelwa kwimiphetho ekude yayiyi-USTUUG.
Ngendawo edityanisiweyo emantla eDali, kwathunyelwa abantu ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo: Uninzi lutsala umdla wokuba lusiqinisekile, abanye banomdla kumava abanamava ngokungafihlisiyo kubuncwane beSiberia. Phantse wonke umntu wayenethemba lokuba inkonzo iza kubazisela ubutyebi.
Inkonzo ngo-1630-1638. ETobolsk neYenaiskisk, apho imbewu ye-ivanovich idluliselwe kamva, uDezhneva waziswa noovulindlela, owathi kamva waba ngabahlobo bakhe kwisifundo kunye nophuhliso lwemimandla emitsha.
Ngo-1639, uDezhnev wabonisa ubuchule obungenasiphelo kwi-oclost ye-orguty, boyisa i-Sachan Standacial Statucy yaseSacha, abala ukuhlawula i-Yasak (irhafu yendalo) kumagunya eRussia, nangona kukho isivumelwano esinoxolo. Amabala amathathu anesibindi othunyelwe kule sachai yabulawa nge-gonononge. UDezhnev naye wazama ukuphepha ukuphalazwa kwegazi, ukulinganisa ubudlelwane obuhle nenkosazana - ngenxa yoko, kuya kuzalisekiswa iodolo enzima.
Ngo-1641, phakathi kwabantu abayi-14, phantsi kokhokelo lukaMikhail Stradukhina, uDezhnev waya eOyMyyokon ukuba aqokelele kwiidesi kunye nee-yakuts. Into ebhaliweyo malunga ne-stadokin kunye neengxingongo zabo ngeDeJno, kwaye kwifilimu ye-1984 yaseSoviet "i-Semen Dezhnev" iMikthaiiiiiiiiiiiiiin ivela kumbukeli. Kodwa ungalibali ukuba i-stadichin yayingumntu obalaseleyo, kwaye igalelo layo kwi-Romania leRussia libaluleke kakhulu.
Sele senze indlela enzima kwimiphetho ephezulu ye-verkhoyansky rodge kwaye eza kuMlambo i-Aterigina, i-stadukhina ye-stadukhina iviwe kwingingqi ye-Kotvor egcweleyo yaseKovyma (Kolyma). Ukuhla i-Ngcwadiswano, abahambi elwandle bahlawulelwa emlonyeni womfula am, baba ziintsingiselo zalo.
Ngo-1647, uDezhnev waqeshwa kwi-Tedot Fedot Alekseeva (Popova okanye i-popova okanye i-popova okanye inzame yokuqubha ecaleni kweebhanki ze-Chukotka ayiphumelelanga.
NgoJuni 1648, uDezhnev no-Alekseev bathabatha inzame yesibini yokuhamba: Ukusuka emlonyeni we-Kotyma eKochy (inqanawa yokuhamba ngenqanawa), abaphandi be-Ania kunye ne-Asia yaseAsia neAmerican ". Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ipopov ihambile ukuhamba ngeenyawo kunye nenkosikazi yakhe - yakutka, eyaba ngumfazi wokuqala kweli lizwe, othathe inxaxheba kwi-polar.
Cape In the wethu Strait, ooPawulos sabetha kwaye babiza i "impumlo ilitye elikhulu", nguye kwinqanaba mpuma of Asia - kwakhe kamva ngokuba ekapa Dezhnev kaThixo. Kukho ingcinga yokuba i-Ivanovich ifike eAlaska, eyayikwazi ukukwazi ukuba nesibindi.
Malunga nabantu abangama-90 bathathe inxaxheba kweli phulo, uninzi lwabo lwafa kumaza athlisayo. Inqanawa yePopova ithwalwe elunxwemeni lweKamchatka, apho abantu ababini ababuyayo bafa ngenxa ye-zing. Nge-1 ka-Okthobha, i-manlodes engama-24, uDezhnev wangena emazantsi omlomo weAdanjr kwaye wafika emlonyeni womlambo. Emva kwexesha, uDezhnev wenza umzobo ongu-Anaadyr, ochazwe ngokweenkcukacha ukuqubha emlanjeni kunye nobume bommandla kwaye uxelelwe malunga ne-Eskimos ehlala kwi-chukotka peninsula nakwiiziqithi eziselumelwaneni.
Emva kwenkonzo yeminyaka eli-11 kwi-Anaadyr, ekuweni kwe-1650, iDezhnev yathatha umzamo ongaphumelelanga ukuya kwi-penzhina River (intsimi yeKamchatka) kwaye ibuyisiwe. Kwiminyaka enesiqingatha kamva, i-Dejnev yavula i-fanhead enkulu ye-marine danff (i-Corgi) kwindawo ye-anadyr. Ukuveliswa kwe-walrus Bone yayingumthombo oqinileyo wemali, engakwazanga ukubizwa ngoboya.
Ngo-1654, i-biography yembewu kaIvanovich iphinde yenziwa ngephulo amabini emikhankathi-kwii-Chudans (Abemi bemveli baseChukotka) nabahlali base Kamchatka). Ngexesha lothuse ngeDezhnev yokuqala, yabetha isitshixo esifubeni. Uhambo lwesibini lwaluyimfuneko, kuba iKaryaki inyule i-walruss kwi "Russian Corge", yaba kukhuphiswano lwabo ngqo.
Ukususela ngo-1662, uDezhnev wenza uhambo olude: ukusuka kwi-YAKTK ukuya eMoscow nasemva kweminyaka emi-4 kwikomkhulu, ukusuka apho umphandi akabuyi.
Ubomi Buqu
UDezhnev wayengafundanga, ngoko abanye abantu babhalela ukuyalela kuye - bacelwa ukuba banyanzelwe.
Babembalwa abafazi baseRussia eYakutia, ngoko ke iisersers bezidla ngokutshata neejackets. Ke uDejnev wayetshatile kabini - amaqabane akhe angamaqabane akhe ayeyijacket. Inkosikazi yokuqala yeNavigator yaba ngu-Abhalaawa Sichu, owamnika unyana wenkosi yakhe - emva koko wakhonza eYakutskaya Voivkade. Mhlawumbi, i-dejnev yazisa i-hichu evela kuMlambo i-yana okanye yayivela kwi-lensky yakuts. Akukho datha ichanekileyo koku. Kusaziwa kuphela ukuba ngaphambi kokumka kweqabane kwiphulo elilandelayo, uNosuku wabhaptizwayo wabhaptizwa kumfundisi walapha kwaye wafumana igama lobu-orthodox.
I-Abakayda, ngokuvakalayo, sele ifile xa uDezhnev wabuya eMoscow ngo-1666, ngoko ke umnini-mhlaba wathatha umfazi wakhe umhlolokazi wendawo eshiyekileyo, i-cantemfoine (i-Dotemfoine (iphantsi). Eli bhinqa laliluphelile, kumtshato wakhe wokuqala wokuqala wayenonyana osip. Ngezo ntsuku zikuyo umhlolokazi ngokuvakalelwa ngokukhawuleza, watshata wavula kwakhona, nangona wayeneminyaka emininzi kunye nabantwana.
Ilifa le-Blackmith lihlala lisezandleni-e-Bembol kwisiqithi esikufutshane neYakutsk. UDezhnev wahenyuza ukuba anyamekele ukuba nelikhanya kwaye alandele uqoqosho. Kumtshato wesibini, unyana ka-Abhatasius wazalelwa kwimbewu yeIvanovich, eyathi kamva, njengotata wakhe, wakhonza kwi-Anadyr. I-pelabeya ethile ikhankanywe kumaxwebhu ohlukeneyo - ababhali-mbali bayaqinisekisa ukuba le ayisiya kumfazi wesithathu waseDezhnev. I-Pelagia - igama lobuKristu, elinikwa i-drip ngexesha lobhaptizo.
Mhlawumbi, Dejnev, njengabakhonzi abaninzi, ngenxa yamakhosikazi e-Yakut kunye nezalamane zabo banokuziveza ngokukhululekileyo ngolwimi lwabo, oluye wamnceda.
Ukufa
Ngo-1671, emva kwenkonzo elandelayo, uDezhnev waya eMoscow. Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka emininzi yovavanyo olunzima kunye nendlala, ukuhamba nzima ebusika nasehlotyeni, kunye namanxeba amaninzi ajongene nempilo ye-ivanovich. Kwikomkhulu, wayegula kakhulu, asinakubuya sibuyele kwaye sibuyele kuYokalia.
EMoscow, umphandi waphila malunga nonyaka kwaye ekuqaleni kuka-1673 wasweleka - oku kwathiwa "yincwadi exineneyo" yomvuzo we-YAKTK. Ngexesha lokufa, uDezhnev wayeneminyaka engama-70 ubudala, malunga namashumi amahlanu kubo wachitha ukuqubha nangephulo.
Apho umzimba ka-Ataman uphumle khona, akaziwa. Ngenkulungwane ye-17, eMoscow, ayithanga ukwenza amangcwaba amakhulu - umntu oswelekileyo wangcwatywa ecaleni kwecawa yecawa, kwaye kukho iitempile ezininzi kwikomkhulu.
Ukuvulwa kunye nokufezekiswa
- yavula uMlambo iKolyma;
- kwavula ukwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlula phakathi kweyona nto iphambili;
- Esokuqala idlulile kuLwandle lweArctic ngokutoda;
- Uvule uMlambo umlambo kwaye wafunda iphuli yakhe;
- Wafunda inqaku leMpuma ye-Asia.