UConfucius - I-Biography, iifoto, ubomi bomntu, ukufundisa, iikowuti kunye nee-phorisosms

Biography

Igama lelintanda-bulumko uqhelekile kuye wonke umntu. I-Confucius yeyona chinese idumileyo. Ukufundiswa komcinga wakudala kusekwe kwimbonakalo kaRhulumente. Iphembelele ubomi baseMpuma yeAsia. I-Dissiuciasism ayizange ichaphazeleke e-China ngenxa yeBuddhism. Nangona inkolo imiba intanda-bulumko ye-Disqucianianism ayichaphazelekanga, igama likaDiscucius labhalwa kwi-Pantheon yenkolo.

I-Confucius yinto engenguloyiki kwimbono yokwakha isimilo sokuziphatha, ngokuhambelana ngokupheleleyo. Emva kwemithetho yentanda-bulumko, umntu uya kuvisisana naye kunye nehlabathi elingaphandle. Ukuthandwa kweegusha kunye nezigwebo zikaDisfucuus akuzange kuphele kwaye kwiinkulungwane ezingama-20 emva kokuba umntu efile.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

I-biegraphy ye-Kun, inzala yantoni, ichazwe ngokupheleleyo ngababhali-mbali baseTshayina. UConfucius - inzala ka-Wei Tzu, umphathi we-Emperor Hynary Zhou Chen-Wan. Ukunyaniseka kumlawuli u-Ii-tzu wafumana inqaku lelanga kunye ne-zhu hou. Ngexesha lokuzalwa, ukudideka kohlobo lwe-Wei Tzu yayisele igula kwaye yafudukela ebukumkanini bukaLou emantla eTshayina. Utata uConfucius eShukusn wayenabafazi ababini. Owokuqala wazala iintombi ezisithoba. Elesibini lazaleza unyana, kodwa inkwenkwana ifile.

Ngo-551 BC. I-Shuang-oneminyaka engama-63 uShuuang Wayezalela i-cubine yean Zhengzay, owayenelo xesha ephantse yalishumi elinesixhenxe. Ngokomntu, wesuka waya endulini, phantsi komthi womthi. Ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana ovela phantsi komhlaba wafumana amanqaku apho wayesongelwe khona. Emva kwamanzi, ukuvuza imisele. Utata ngokufutshane wayehlala ngokufutshane emva kokuzalwa koNyana. Xa ukudideka yayiyiminyaka enesiqingatha, uStYANYAN awayewishiya eli lizwe. Yan Zhengzay, eyayingakholeliyo abafazi abangakholiyo, yashiya indlu yomyeni wakhe waza wasondela kwizalamane zakhe, kwiTsyufu. Yan Zhengzay kunye nenkwenkwe zaphila ngokuzimeleyo. UConfucius osusela ebuntwaneni kwakufuneka bazi ukonakaliswa.

Umama uConsucius waphefumlela inkwenkwe ukuba ifanele ibe ngumlandeli ofanelekileyo wohlobo. Nangona usapho oluncinci lwaluhlala kwintlupheko, inkwenkwe yayisebenza ngenkuthalo, isebenzisa ulwazi oluyimfuneko kwi-aristocral yaseTshayina. Ingqwalaselo eyodwa yobugcisa. Ukukhuthala kwizifundo zakhe kwabe nesiqhamo: I-Discucius eneminyaka engama-20 yamiselwa ukuba iphendule imivalo ye-ji yasempuma ye-china eMpuma China. Emva koko waphendula iinkomo.

Imfundiso

UConfucius uhlala ngexesha lokutshona kwelanga kobukumkani Zhou. Umlawuli ngokuthe ngcembe waphulukana namandla, ukuyeka umphathi woncedo oluninzi lwedipozithi. Isixhobo sesolusapho sikaRhulumente salile. Iimfazwe eziphakathi zikhokelela abantu ukuba bahlawulele.

Ngo-528 BC NS. Yan Zhengzay wasweleka, umama uConfucius. Emva kwezithethe zokuzila kwisalamane, wayeka ukurhoxa kweminyaka emithathu. Olu nyango lwavumela intanda-bulumko ukuba iphonononge iincwadi zakudala kwaye yenze iphiliso lefilosofi kwimithetho yolwalamano ekwakheni imeko enesimo.

Xa isithandi-sobulumko sasineminyaka engama-44, wabekwa emlawuli kakulungelelaniswa kwentloko yeLou. Kangangexesha elithile wayeyintloko yenkonzo yokugweba. Ekuphakameni kwesitishi, uConfucius wabhenela kwigunya ukohlwaya abantu kwimeko yokungathobeli, nakwezinye iimeko - "ukuchaza abantu imisebenzi yabo kunye nokufunda kwabo."

UConfucius usebenze ixesha elithile yigosa lezikhundla ezininzi. Kodwa ukungasebenzi kokuthobeka nomgaqo-nkqubo omtsha woRhulumente wenza ukuba arhoxiswe. Waqala ukukhwela eChina kunye nabafundi, eshumayela imfundiso yentanda-bulumko.

Kuphela kususela kwiminyaka engama-60 kuphela ye-Discucius ebuyela kwi-tsyufu yakhe i-tsyufu kwaye ayishiyi ekufeni. Ubomi bakhe bonke bubanjwe kunye nabafundi, ukusebenza kwinkqubo yeBight yeLifa Lemvelo lase China: Kwilifa le-classical lelifa le-discucius, ubunyani be-"yentwasahlobo nasekwindla" busekwe ngokuthembekileyo.

Ababhali-mbali base China bane-3 lamawaka efilosofi, kodwa ngokungathi kunjalo malunga ne-26.

Ngokutsho kwezicatshulwa zeenkcazo zentanda-bulumko yakudala, abafundi bakhe babeyincwadi yamazwi "uLun yu" ("iingxoxo kunye nezigwebo"). Yenziwe yi-DA-Xye ("imfundiso entle") -Incwadi malunga nendlela yokuphucula umntu, "Zhong-Yun" ("incwadi emalunga nendlela yokuqonda.

I-disauciasism

Ngexesha leBhodi ye-Han Denasty (i-2 yenkulungwane ye-2 yenkulungwane) Ukufundisa kukaCiscuius kwakhiwe kwisikhundla sobukumkani obuphakathi. Ngeli xesha, i-Disquicianism yaba yintsika ye-chinese yokuziphatha kwaye yenziwa indlela yokuphila yabantu baseTshayina. I-Dissiucianism yadlala indima yokuthatha isigqibo sokubonakala kwempucuko yaseTshayina.

Isiseko sentanda-bulumko ye-Disvesucian ngulwakhiwo loluntu, isiseko sovimba. Ilungu ngalinye loluntu likwindawo yalo kwaye lenze umsebenzi omiselwe kuyo. Isiseko sobudlelwane phakathi kweentloko kunye ne-nizami kukunyaniseka. Intanda-bulumko yakhiwa kwiimpawu ezintlanu eziphambili kumntu olungileyo: Ukuhlonipha, ubulungisa, isiko, ubulumko, ubulumko, ubulumko, inkohliso.

"I-Zhen" - "Uhlonipha", "ububele", "ububele", udidi olusisiseko kwifilosofi yaseTshayina. Le yeyona nto iphambili kwizinto ezintlanu ukuba umntu abe nazo. Zhen ibandakanya izinto ezintathu eziphambili: Uthando kunye nemfesane yabantu, isimo sengqondo esichanekileyo sabantu ababini phakathi kwabo, isimo sengqondo somntu kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya nezifundo ze-Inanmores. Indoda, iqondwe ngeZhen, ikulingani nehlabathi elingaphandle, esenza i "Moya weGolide": "Musa ukuyibeka ngokwakho into ongayifuni." Isimboli "Zhen" - umthi.

"Kwaye" - "okusesikweni". Umntu olandelayo "kwaye" aze angazishukumisi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba indlela "kwaye" kukuphela kwenyani. Isekwe kwi-retrocity: abazali baphakanyiswa, kwaye unombulelo ukuze uzukise. "Kwaye" ulungelelanisa "uZhen", enika umntu ubukhosi ekubhekiswa kuyo egos. Indoda entle ifuna ubulungisa. Isimboli "kunye" - isinyithi.

"Lee" - "isiko", lithetha "inkohliso", "zokuziphatha", "umsitho". Kule ngcinga, intanda-bulumko yaseTshayina ityale imali ngenxa yezithethe zokuziphatha kwiingxabano ezigudileyo ezithintela imeko yomanyano lwehlabathi. Indoda eyayiyinto "uLee," ayizukiswa kuphela abadala, kodwa ikwaqonda nendima yabo kuluntu. Isimboli "lee" - umlilo.

"Ji" - "Ubulumko". "Ji" - umgangatho womntu onesidima. "Ingqondo eqhelekileyo" eyahlula umntu esilwanyana, "ji" ngamathandabuzo, engaziniki kuya kuba neenkani. Ukulwa nobudenge. Isimboli kwi-DissiuniaInism ngamanzi.

Msgstr "XIN" - "iireferensi". Umntu onokuthenjwa ngulowo uziva emnandi. Elinye ixabiso lukholo oluhle kunye nokukhululeka. "I-Blue" i-cultical ", ukuthintela ukunganyaniseki. I-xin "ihambelana nomhlaba.

Ukuvunywa kuphuhlise inkqubo yokufezekisa injongo. Ngokwentanda-bulumko, ukuba ulandela ezona mithetho iphambili, unokuba ngumntu ophumeleleyo:

1. Yiya kwinjongo yakho, kancinci kancinci, ngaphandle kokuma.
2. Gcina isixhobo sakho Sharpen: Ithamsanqa lakho lixhomekeke ekubeni ulungisiwe kangakanani.
3. Sukutshintsha iNjongo: Iindlela zokuphumelela kwayo azibalulekanga.
4. Yenza kuphela izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ezinomdla kuwe, zisebenzisa imigudu ephezulu.
5. Nxibelelana kuphela nabo bakhulisa: Uyakukukhokela.
6. Sebenza ngokwakho, zenze okuhle, ihlabathi elikujikelezile sisipili sakho "ndi".
7. Musa ukuvumela ukuthuka ukuba akunkqonkqoze endleleni, oyena mbi akanamtsalane kuwe.
8. Lawula umsindo wakho: ngayo yonke into ekufuneka uyihlawule.
9. Bukela abantu: Wonke umntu unokukufundisa okuthile okanye ulumkisiwe.

Ngokuchasene nengqungquthela ye-quaucianism eTshayina, elinye inani lezikolo zefilosofi zixhaphakile. Iyonke kukho iindawo ezimalunga nekhulu. Indawo ephambili ithathwa nguTaois, esekwe nguLao Tzu kunye zhuang-ji.

Kwimfundiso yefilosofi, uLao Tzu ugxininisa unxibelelwano lwethu olungathethekiyo kunye nendawo. Umntu ngamnye kukho indlela enye eyenzelwe ngaphezulu. Abantu abaqhelekanga ukuphembelela isixhobo sehlabathi. Umendo woluntu luthobeka. I-Lao Tzu ifuna umntu ukuba angazami ukuphembelela ikhosi yeziganeko ezijikeleze. UTaism yintanda-bulumko ngesiqalo esivakalayo, esibonakala kwiimvakalelo zabantu. I-Dissiucianism kunye nezibhena zayo ezisisiseko kwingqondo yomntu.

EYurophu, uConscicia wafunda phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-Xvii-ngokufika kwefashoni kuyo yonke into enxulumene nenkcubeko yeMpuma. Ushicilelo lokuqala lwe-LUN YUYA kwisiLatin uphume ngo-1687. Ngeli xesha, ivangeli yobuvangeli basemazweni uJesuit yayifumana amandla, kuquka eChina. Iindwendwe zokuqala ezivela kuMbukumkani eziphakathi zasephakathi zafika eYurophu, ekhathaze umdla woluntu ukuba ungaziwa kunye nokungaqhelekanga.

Ubomi Buqu

Kwiminyaka eli-19 ubudala, uConfucius utshata i-Kikoan Shea, intombazana eyenzelwe. Intsapho yazalwa yaza kwaziwa ukuba, ngakumbi njenge-B-Yu. Emva koko iKikoan shi yazala i-SHI

Ukufa

Kwiminyaka engama-66, intanda-bulumko yaba ngumhlolokazi. Ekutyhilweni kwelanga, wanikezela ngalo lonke ixesha kubafundi endlwini yakhe kwisixeko saseQuifa. UConfucius wasweleka ngo-479 BC. e., kwiminyaka engama-72. Ngaphambi kokuba afe, walala walala esixhenxe.

Kwisixeko saseTsyufu (iPhondo laseShandong, eMpuma China) kwindawo yendlu yokucinga yamandulo yakha itempile. Emva kokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezikufuphi nohlaselo, isakhiwo sikhule saya kwiTempile. Indawo yokungcwaba yeConfucius kunye nabafundi - into ye-pilgrimage sele i-2 lamawaka eminyaka ubudala. Ngo-1994, i-UNESCO yazisa itempile yetempile, indlu ye-Discucius nakwihlathi elijikeleze "uluhlu lwezinto zelifa lenkcubeko yehlabathi."

Indawo yesibini emva kokuba itempile eQuifa ihlalwa yitempile yeBeijing yeConfucius. Wavula iingcango ngo-1302. Indawo yentsomi ingama-20,000 m². Kwintsimi Kukho iintendelezo ezine zimi kwi "Ntshona" ye-Axes South. Kwiyadi yokuqala, iipleyiti ze-198, kwilitye le-51624 elibizwa ngokuba ngabantu abafumene i-jansshi (elona nani liphezulu leemviwo zikarhulumente ze-imperiya). Kwitempile yeBeijing kukho i-189 yeenkxwaleko ezilityeni, apho "inyani yelishumi elinesithathu" ye-Discucius "ye-Discucius iqinile.

Imemori

Ngonyaka emva kokufa kukaConfucius eChina, ukubhiyozela inkumbulo yeFilosofi enkulu. Iziganeko zeSikhumbuzo kwiNdawo ePhezulu yahlala phantsi ngo-1984, emva koko - umthendeleko wezizwe ngezizwe. IConsgys kwi-disaciarism iqhutywa eTshayina. Ukufezekisa impumelelo kwinqanaba lemfundo, imbasa yamabhaso egama lini emva kwe-dasfucius. Ngo-2009, i-chin ibhiyozela iminyaka engama-2560 yokuthathwa kwesikhumbuzo.

Ukusukela ngo-2004, "amaziko e-Pridacius" avulelwa ehlabathini. Umbono wokwenza ukuba ukufuduswa kwenkcubeko yesiTshayina kunye nolwimi. Amaziko e-Discucius Abafundi abanabafundi kunye nootitshala eChina. Cwangcisa iiNkomfa zeKikai zilungelelaniswe, zibambe uvavanyo lolwimi lwe-HSK. Ukongeza "kumaziko" amiselweyo "yeprofayili" ethile: Iyeza, ishishini, ishishini, njl. Njl. Inkxaso-mali ibonelela ngeCandelo leMfundo le-China kunye namaziko eSinalo.

Ngo-2010, i-biography kaDisfu Citus yakhutshwa kwirenti. Indima ephambili yenziwa yi-chow yunfat. Iprojekthi ibangele ukuphikisana kwabantu kunye nabagxeki. AmaTshayina abaliwe ukuba umlingisi obambeleyo kwi-Discucius wayengaphezulu kakhulu kwimikhosi nakwiifilimu malunga nobugcisa bemfazwe. Akayi kuba nakho ukudlulisela ngqo umfanekiso katitshala omkhulu, kwaye ajike isithandi-sobulumko kwi "hum ye-Kung Fu". Abaphulaphuli baphazanyiswa nguLwimi lweCantose Actor (Chow Yunfat ovela eHong Kong), njengoko ifilimu yadutyulwa ngolwimi lwaseSwithuuna.

Indlalifa ngqo eya eConfucius Kun Jian Faved inkampani yefilimu, efuna ukususa incoko kunye ne-NAN-TZ kwifilimu "yezulu"

UConfucius wafumana imifanekiso emininzi kangaka yembali yase China, ngamanye amaxesha ibangela uqhankqalazo kwindlela ezikrwada. Ngegama lesithandi-sobulumko, uninzi lomzekeliso omkhulu we-ironic kunye nehlaya liqhagamshelwe. Ngenxa yoko, umbhali-mbali waseTshayina uG Tzgani ucebise "Thatha isiphithiphithi esinye ngexesha."

Quotes uConfucius

• "Ukonwaba kuxa uyakuqonda, ulonwabo olukhulu xa uthanda, ulonwabo lokwenene xa uthanda"
• "Khetha umsebenzi wakho, kwaye akunyanzelekanga ukuba usebenze usuku olunye ebomini bakho."
• "Izinto ezintathu azisoze zibuyele umva, igama, ithuba. Ke ngoko: Sukuphulukana nexesha, khetha amagama, ungaphoswa lithuba "
• "Ukuba utshayela ngasemva, emva koko uye ngaphambili"

I-Bibliography

• "Iincoko kunye nezigwebo"
• "Imfundiso Enkulu"
• Msgstr "Incwadi malunga nePreen"
• "Confucius malunga nothando"
• "I-LUniuleni. Esithi "
• "UConfucius. Izifundo zobulumko »
• "UConfucius. Ukwamkelwa. INcwadi yeeNgoma kunye neengoma "
• "Confucius malunga neshishini"