Biography
UMartin Luther King nguyena mfanekiso mkhulu eMelika, olwalukhoyo kumalungelo abantu nenkululeko. Isithethi esabuhlungu saba yi-LaureAte yamabhaso e-Nobel, kwaye imibono yayo yokulingana yaba sisiseko soluntu olunesidima sangoku. Le ndoda iye yaba yi-icon yesizwe yokulwa ukwahlukana eUnited States, kunye noluvo lwakhe uninzi lwabantu kwihlabathi liphela livumelana.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Kwinkulungwane yama-20 eYurophu. Nangona ubukhoboka bucinyiwe ngoDisemba 1865 ngenxa yemfazwe yamakhaya, isimo sengqondo malunga neqela lemibala yabemi kwi-Prujudice Society azange iguqule abantu abamnyama.
I-colored yaphuculwa kumalungelo kwaye ithathele ingqalelo abantu beBanga lesiBini. Abakwazanga ukufumana umsebenzi oqhelekileyo kwaye bahluthwa ilungelo lokukhetha. EMelika, emva kwemfazwe yamakhaya, imithetho engekho semthethweni kaJohn Croke, ukuba uninzi lwezinto ezinomtsalane alunakuma phezu kwendoda emhlophe. Abantu banikwe ibala lemibala enenxalenye encinci yegazi likaNegro.
Ngeli xesha, uKarsin Luther uKing wazalwa ngoJanuwari 15, 1929, uKarsin Luther Jing wazalelwa kwidolophu yaseAtlanta, eGeorgia, esemazantsi e-Emerica. Emzantsi, uninzi lwenani le-negro yabeki bakugxininisile.
Utata kaMartin Luther Tata kaMartin Luther uKumkani wayengumfundisi kwicawa yaseBhaptizi, kwaye uMama u-Alphared Williams uMkhomkhulu wasebenza njengomfundisi. Intloko yentsapho yabizwa nguMichael, kodwa walitshintsha igama lakhe kunye negama likanyana xa wayeneminyaka emi-6.
UMartin Jr. wayengumntwana wesibini entsatsheni, kwaye angatsho ukuba ookumkani babephila ngokungaphatha kakuhle: usapho lwexesha elizayo lokuba neklasi ingentla komyinge kwaye wahlala echuma.
Ukumkani wakhuliswa ngumntu ongqongqo nangokwenkolo, ngenxa yokungaziphathi kakuhle abazali basebenzisa isohlwayo esingasebenziyo. Kodwa uMartin Daright no-Albert Williams bazama ukukhusela unyana wakhe kwinzondo echumileyo yomoya.
Xa inkwenkwe yayineminyaka eyi-6, umhlobo wakhe owayedlala naye kuloo yahl, ngequbuliso wathi umama wayengavumeli ukuba ngabahlobo bakaMartin, kuba abamnyama. Emva kokwenzeka kwe-albert, i-Williams yazama ukuthuthuzela inkwenkwe yaze yathi uMartin wayengenambi ngakumbi kunabanye.
Xa uiKiu waphinda waneminyaka eli-10 ubudala, wayecula kwi-choir yeCawa yoBhaptizi. Ngelo xesha, iAtlanta yayikukuyintloko yefilimu ethi "iwele ngumoya", kwaye ikwayayi yathatha inxaxheba kwesi siganeko.
Ipolitiki yexesha elizayo yaphuhliswa ngokungekho kunyaka, uMartin Luther inkosi ngembeko ifundwe kwiSikolo saseNegro. Inkwenkwe yayingafuneki igqibe iiklasi ezili-9 ukuya kwezi-12, njengoko wayefunda ngokukodwa ikharityhulamu yaze wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseMorhauz ngaphandle kweminyaka eli-15. Ngo-1944, uMartin waba ngumoya ophumeleleyo kukhuphiswano lwezithethi, ezabanjwa eGeorgia phakathi kwababemi abanemibala.
Kwindawo entsha yokufunda, uKumkani ungena kwi "Mbutho weSizwe senkqubela phambili yombala" kwaye ufunda ukuba ngokuchasene nobuhlanga abasebenza njengolusu olumnyama kakhulu.
Ngo-1948, uMartin wagqiba iyunivesithi kwaye wafumana inqanaba le-bachelor yentlalo. Njengomfundi, uMartin Luther Ungukumkani unceda utata wakhe kwicawe yase-Ebeseker. Kwindawo yokusebenza yenkosi, inani lexesha elizayo yayingundwendwe oluqhubekayo: ngo-1947, umntu owamkela umncedisi weSan ebandleni.
Ipolitiki iyaqhubeka nokufunda kwisemina ye-sundorigical yaseCrowzer kwiSixeko saseChester, esikwiPennsylvania. Apho, inguqulelo yexesha elizayo ifumana isidanga se-Gr
Umsebenzi
Unkosikazi uMartin Luther uKing ufike emanyathelweni katata notat'omkhulu, nango-1954 abezopolitiko baba ngumfundisi kwicawa yeBhaptizi. Kubo bonke ubomi, indoda yayishukumisela imibono yenkululeko kunye nokulingana kwabantu. UKumkani unezakhono ze-oraching ezibalaseleyo, ezithunyele kumkhondo ofanelekileyo.
UMartin wayengumthathi-nxaxheba obonakalayo, kodwa ngo-1955 waba yintloko yokunxulumana neMontgomery.
UMartin Luther Ging wafumana i-boycott yemigca yebhasi eMontgomery. Ngokwesivumelwano esingekho semthethweni, abakhweli bemibala bebengenalo ilungelo lokuhlala imiqolo emine yokuqala yebhasi, eyenzelwe ukuba ibemi abamhlophe. Kwakhona, abanye abaqhubi beebhasi baziphethe kakubi kwaye bavumela ukuthuthaza abantu base-Afrika baseMelika. I-Actor Actor Actor Actorical Rosa iRosa inqabile ukunika indlela "indoda enelungelo", leyo ebanjiweyo ngamapolisa endawo. Kwaye ayisiyiyo imeko yokuqala yokuhlambelana noluntu, eUnited States kwakukho ukuziqhelanisa nokuvalwa kwabantu abamnyama. Umqhubi webhasi akazange oyisongele nantoni na, nokuba udubule umkhweli wase-Afrika wase-Afrika.
UMartin Luther King, engaguqukiyo kule ngxaki yoluntu, elungelelanisa i-boycott engeyiyo eyothutho, ekumnyamani. Uqhanqalazo lwahlala ngaphezulu konyaka, iintsuku ezingama-382. Inqaba enqatyisiweyo yokuhamba kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke kwaye ihamba ngeenyawo ngenkululeko yenkululeko kunye nokulingana. Ngamanye amaxesha iimoto zaseMelika zaseMelika zaqhuba i-boycotting yazo, kodwa ngokwazo bezingasetyenziswanga izithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Malunga ne-6 lamawaka abantu abathathe inxaxheba kwisitokhwe.
Intshukumo yexesha elide yaphumelela, ngo-1957 uMphathiswa oMbindi wase-US wagqiba kwelokuba ukwaphulwa kwamanye amacandelo abantu base-Alabama kuyaphikisana noMgaqo-siseko noDemin kunye nodliwanondlebe.
Asingabo bonke abantu abaxhasayo inkosi, ngexesha lokuqhankqalaza bazama rhoqo, kwaye bezama ukuphosa indlu. UMartin Luther uKumkani waba yindlela yebala lemibala, kunye nophawu lomzabalazo wokulingana nenkululeko namalungelo. Oko kwenziwa nguKumkani, indlela engathethekiyo ngendlela enogonyamelo uMartin Luther Kumkani wanikwa ibhaso loxolo uNobel.
Kwakhona uKumkani oqokelele umboniso wayo nayiphi na ibonakaliso yokwahlulahlula. Ke, ngo-1962, uMartin ungene ekuhambeni koluntu "amaKristu aseAlayamia ngenxa yamalungelo oluntu." UKing wakhuthaza ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwimiboniso yabafundi baseDyunivesithi abaya kwi-rallies. Nangona uKumkani uMartin Luther, uMartin Luther Jing wayenobubele, amapolisa athintele umkhonzi, umzekelo, kubafundi abaqhankqalazi baya kwehla izinja zenkonzo. UKumkani uKumkani ngokwakhe waphathwa rhoqo.
Ngo-1962, iYunivesithi yaseMississipPipPi, yamnika i-MALED MALED Medith, owaba ngumbala wokuqala obengenisa iziko lemfundo. E-United States kwakukho oogxa abakhethekileyo bombala, obungenalungelo lokufunda kumhlophe.
Yayiyinkqubela eMelika, kodwa ayingabo bonke abantu abaye bavuma ukubhaliswa kwamaMelika aseMelika kwiiyunivesithi, umzekelo, iRhuluneli uAlabama George Wade wavumelana nemibutho yabafundi abamnyama.
UMartin wakhusela imbeko nesidima samalungelo abantu kwaye waqhubeka nomzabalazo wexesha elide kunye nolwahlulo.
Kodwa eyona nto ikhuthazayo kakhulu eza nolona dumo lukhulu, olwaqhubeka ngo-1963 kwaye lwandiswa imbali yezopolitiko kaMartin. Malunga nama-300 abantu baseMelika abahlanganisene kwi-Matshi ukuya kwizabelo zeWashington. Ukumkani uqonde eyona ntetho ingalibaleliyo, eqala ngala mazwi: "Ndiphupha." UMartin waxolelwaniso lobuhlanga kwaye waxela ukuba oko akunamsebenzi ukuba umntu uphathe umntu, eyona nto iphambili kukuba akakho ngaphakathi. Iinkokeli zeMarsha zadibana nomongameli wase-US Kennedy oxoxe ngeengxaki ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlaleni. Ngo-1964, umthetho "kumalungelo oluntu" watyikitywa, nto leyo eyalela ukwaphulwa kobuhlanga kwamalungelo abemi abangafezekanga.
Izimvo kunye neembono
Ubungakanani benkosi buqwalaselwe baphelelwe lixesha kwingxaki yokwahlulahlula. Le politikhi isebenzela ukulingana kunye nenkululeko yabo bonke abemi bamazwe amanyeneyo aseMelika, wayengonelisekanga yinqanaba lokungaqeshwa nendlala.
UMartin wayedla ngokuhamba kwaye ethetha, ebiza abantu ukuba balwele amalungelo ekufuneka aqinisekiswe kuye nawuphi na umntu ngokuzalwa. Ngapha koko, ngokutsho kukaMartin Luther Kumkani, nawuphi na umzabalazo wesidlangalala ungabi nanogonyamelo, kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uvumelane noncedo lolwimi, hayi ngoncedo lwe-Russiotss kunye neemfazwe. U-Luther wabhala iincwadi ezininzi ezaba sisiseko somthambo ngasekunene kunye nocwangco eluntwini.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngexesha lobomi bakhe, uMartin Luther wayeyindlela eyonwabisayo enembono enobubele, wabonisa umzekelo wendoda yentsapho, umyeni notata kunye notata abane, abathanda abantwana abane. Ngomfundi wezinto zokugcina i-cortet Scott Martin yadibana ngo-1952, ukuhlala eBoston.
Inkosi jiang yamthanda nabazali bakhe, kwaye bavuma emtshatweni. Ngehlobo lowe-1953, uKumkani kunye neCortet watshata nendlu kamama wentombazana. I-Martin King Deete Deech bahamba i-martin.
Ekuweni kuka-1954, usapho lookumkani bafudukela kwimo yeAlabham besiya kwidolophu yaseMontgomery, apho imisebenzi esebenzayo ye-Martin Luther iqala khona.
Ukufa
NgoFebruwari 1968, kwisixeko saseMemphis, i-tennessee iququzelele ukubetha kweegremen zaseMelika. Abasebenzi babengonwabanga ngokungenela imali, kunye neemeko kunye nezimo zengqondo zabaphathi, ezazilingana nesandiso: Imhlophe yayingenalo ngenxa yemozulu embi, eyakufuneka Qokelela inkunkuma nakwiindudumo.
Abantu babhenela kumlo wokulwa kwamalungelo enkosi kaMartin Luther, okuphela kwecandelo elinemibala yabemi.
Nge-3 ka-Epreli, uKumkani waphinda wasiya eTennessee, kodwa ipolitiki kwafuneka itshintshe indiza, njengoko inqwelo-moya ifumene isoyikiso sokuqhushumba. Emzini, inani loluntu libhukishe igumbi le-306 kwi-moten "lerein".
Ngemini elandelayo, uMartin Luther Jika wema kwi-balcony yegumbi, ngelixa i-Teakeli yolwaphulo-mthetho yaseDerl Darl Ray yayijolise kwezopolitiko. UJames wadubula wakanye: Imbumbulu yawela kumhlathi wehlathi uKumkani. Ipolitiki yasweleka esibhedlele saseSt. Joseph ukuqala nge-19:05. Kulo xesha lokufa, uMartin watsho intetho, bendisencotsheni yentaba. Abaphulaphuli bayakhumbula intelekelelo evela kwintetho:
"Njengako konke, ndingathanda ukuphila ubomi obude. Ubomi obude bukhulu. Kodwa andicingi ngayo ngoku. Ndifuna nje ukuzalisekisa ukuthanda kukaYehova.UJames wabamba amapolisa: Umfana ongumfana wabhala ukuqonda okunyanisekileyo. Lo mfo wayekholelwa ukuba isohlwayo siyatyhutyha. Enkundleni, isaphuli-mthetho sanikwa iminyaka engama-99 entolongweni. Emva koko uRay wathi akazange abulale, kodwa inkundla inyanzelise ukuba netyala loomkhuseli.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko kaKumkani uKumkani, kukho iimeko ezininzi ezingacacanga nezinodaka. Umzekelo, yayihlala ingaziwa, esinye isixhobo sokubulala sisebenzise i-sniper, kwaye akukho bungqina bucacileyo bokubandakanyeka kukaJames kwinzame yokumkani. Umfazi kaMartin wavulwa ukuba angonwabi ngesigqibo senkundla, ngenxa yokuba, kwintolo yakhe, ekufeni kwakhe, esaphul 'ukwaphula umthetho, kwaye iyelenqe lezopolitiko. Ke ngoko, i-CORTET ibone iindaba ngokusweleka kukaRay, iNgqina likuphela kweNgqina.
Ngubani obulale uMartin King, kwaye apho umpu uyimitha, engasonjululwanga.
Kwinkumbulo yeli nani lezopolitiko eMelika, qho nge-3 ka-Januwari yi-Federal "yimini yamaMartin Martin Luther Gung". Okokugqibela, iholide ichithwe kuphela ngo-2000.
Kukwimo yememori Martin, iifilimu zokubhala zithetha ngemisebenzi yayo. Ingcwaba lengcwaba elikwimbali yembali yesizwe uMartin Luther Kumkani.
Iikowuti
UMartin Luther Jing udume ngokuba akanikwe ingxelo kuphela ngamalungelo oluntu kuphela, kodwa nangokuziphatha. Inkalipho, inkalipho, unyamezelo kunye nobungangamsha- mhlawumbi, inxenye yeempawu zezopolitiko ezenziwa ngabapolitiki baseMelika.
- Uthando kuphela kwegunya elinamandla lokuguqula naluphi na utshaba lube ngumhlobo.
- Ukuba umntu akafumani nto ukuba ukulungele ukufela, akakwazi kuphila ngokupheleleyo
- Ukuba ndixelelwe kuba ngomso isiphelo sehlabathi siyeza, namhlanje bendiya kutyala umthi.
- Izifundo zeSayensi ziyaguquka ukukhula ngokomoya. Sine-rockets kunye nabantu abangabhayiliyo.
- Umda umda wamaxabiso omntu ayisiyo indlela eziziphatha ngayo kwintuthuzelo yewotshi kunye nokulula, kodwa indlela ahlala ngayo ngexesha lomzabalazo kunye nokuchasana.
- Ngaba ubugwala bubuza-Ngaba Ikhuselekile? Inqaku libuza-ngaba linobukrelekrele? Amampunge ayabuza-ngaba iyathandwa? Kodwa Isazela siyabuza-Ngaba kulungile? Kwaye liyeza ixesha apho kufuneka uthathe indawo engakhuselekanga okanye enobuqili, okanye ithandwayo, kodwa kufuneka ithathwe, kuba ichanekile.