Biography
Indoda enenkalipho kunye nokuxoka Abafazi abakhohlakeleyo banguJulius Caesar - Umphathi omkhulu waseRoma, edume ngokungxama, ngenxa yegama lomlawuli otyunjiweyo. UJulius ngomnye wabaphathi abadumileyo ababenamandla eRoma yamandulo.
Owona mntu wawungaziwa, ababhali-mbali bathathelwa ingqalelo ukuba bakholelwe ukuba umntu oMnyama uJulius Kasare wazalwa nge-100 g. BC. Ubuncinci umhla onjalo isetyenziswa ngababhali-mbali uninzi lwamazwe amaninzi, nangona wayekholelwa ukuba uJulius wazalelwa kwi-101. Umbhali-mbali waseJamani owayehlala kwinkulungwane ye-19 wayeqinisekile ukuba uKesare wazalwa nge-102 BC, nangona kunjalo, iingcinga zikaTheodore MOMEren azisetyenziswa kuncwadi lwembali lwembali.
Ukungavisisani kwebhagraphe kubangelwa yimithombo ephambili yase-Antique: Izazinzulu zakudala zaseRoma zaphinda zavumelana ngalo mgama wokuzalwa kukaKesare.
Umlawuli waseRoma kwaye umphathi-mkhosi weza kuhlobo olubalulekileyo lukaPatrician Juliyev. Iintsomi zibalisa ukuba lo mdaniso waqala nge-Eney, ethi, ngokwentsomi yamaGrike yakudala, yaziwa kwimfazwe yeTroja. Kwaye abazali be-ENA bahamba ukusuka kuhlobo lwe-Darden ookumkani ankhis kunye nothixokazi wehle nothando lwe-aphrodite (ngokwe-Mythology yaseRoma). Ibali lemvelaphi kaThixo likaJulia lalisazi i-nobiliyo yaseRoma, kuba le ntsomi yahlukaniswa ngempumelelo ziizalamane zomlawuli. UKesare ngokwakhe, kwimeko elula, ethanda ukukhumbula ukuba babekhona thixo kwintsapho yakhe. Izazinzulu zibeka phambili i-hypotheses ukuba umlawuli waseRoma uza evela kwi-Yulie Yuliyev, owayeyindawo yokulawula indawo ekuqalekeni kweRiphabhlikhi yaseRoma kwinkulungwane ye-V-iv.
Izazinzulu zikwabeka phambili iingcinga ezahlukeneyo malunga nesiteketiso somlawuli "uKesare". Mhlawumbi enye ye-Yynasty ye-Yuliy yazalwa licandelo laseCesarean. Igama lenkqubo yenzeka kwigama laseKesareya, elithetha "ubukumkani". Ngolunye uluvo, olunye lohlobo lomRoma lwazalwa lunonwele olude kunye nololo, oluphawulwe igama elithi "caerius".
Intsapho yomgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elizayo wahlala endophulelo. Utata kaKesare Gulius usebenze kwindawo yombuso, kwaye umama weza kuhlobo oluhle lwe-cott.
Nangona usapho lomphathi lwalusisityebi, uKesare wachitha kwindawo yaseRoma. Le ndawo yayizele ngabafazi bokuziphatha ngokulula, kwaye bahlala apho kwabo bangamahlwempu. Ababhali-mbali bachaza i-subpuur njengendawo emdaka nebomvu, engenalo i-mdligia.
Abazali bakaKesare bafuna ukunika unyana wakhe imfundo enkulu: Inkwenkwe ifundele intanda-bulumko, imibongo, kwaye yakhula ngokwasemzimbeni, ifundela imidlalo ye-Equastrian. Inzululwazi ye-Gall Mark Anthony Gniffon yafundisa uncwadi oluselula lwaseKesare kunye ne-Etasette. Umfana wayezibandakanya kwiiSayensi eziBanzi kwaye ezichazayo, ezinjengeMathematics kunye neJometri, okanye iMbali kunye nohambo-I-biographers ezingaziwayo. I-Gulus Julius Caesar ifumene imfundo yaseRoma, kuba ubuntwana obuzayo yayinguPatriot kwaye akazange achaphazeleke yinkcubeko yamaGrike yamaGrike.
Malunga ne-85g. BC. UJulius waphulukana noyise, ngenxa yoko uKesare, njengokuphela komntu, waba ngumoni obona bondla.
Ezopolitiko
Xa inkwenkwe yayimalunga neminyaka eli-13, ikamva lomphathi-mali lanyulwa kubabingeleli boThixo ophambili kwi-charthology yaseRoma yeJupita-esi sihloko sesinye sezikhundla eziphambili ze-hiararchy. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ubize le nyaniso yendoda ecocekileyo yendoda, kuba udade boKisere, uJulia, wayetshatile nomphathi wama-Mariem, umphathi wamandulo wamaRoma kunye nomphathi wezopolitiko.
Kodwa ukuze babe neflakity, ngokomthetho, uYuliyo yayikukutshata, kunye nentloko yaseKornene qinna (wamcebisa ukuba umfundisi-ntsapho wanyula uKesare, intombi yakhe.
Ngo-82, uKesary wasibaleka eRoma. Unobangela wokuvulwa kweLuction ye-Cornelia Sulla Feliks, owaqala kwezopolitiko kunye negazi. USalla Feliks waveza i-goadery uqhawulo-mtshato kunye nenkosikazi yakhe yaseKorneliya, kodwa umlawuli wexesha elizayo wavuma kunokumcaphukisa umsindo womthetho obambeleyo. Kwakhona gulius julius wagxothwa eRoma, kuba wayesalane neqela elichasayo uLcius Corney.
UKesare wahluthwa isihloko seflamina, kunye nokunika abafazi kunye nepropathi yabo. Ifihliwe kwiingubo ezimbi, uJulia kwakufuneka asinde kubukho bukaThixo.
Abahlobo kunye nezihlobo babuza uSilla ukuba atyhafise ngaphezulu kukaJulia, kwaye ngenxa yesicelo sakhe, uKesare wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe. Ngapha koko, umlawuli waseRoma akazange ayibone ingozi ebusweni bukaJulia kwaye wathi uKesare uyafana noMari.
Kodwa ubomi obungaphantsi kobunkokeli baseSulla Feliks babengenakonakala kwabaseRoma, ke gulius Julius Casare baya kwiphondo laseRoma eMalaya Asia ukuba bafunde ubugcisa bobugorha. Apho waba ngumceli mngeni wokunxulumana nekota, wayehlala eViphInia naseKilicia, kwaye wayenenxaxheba kwimfazwe nxamnye nesixeko samaGrike saseMethylene. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuthinjweni kwesiXeko, uKesare wasindisa ijoni, elalifumana ibhaso lesibini elinesibini - isithsaba saseburhulumenteni (i-Oak Wresh).
Kwi-78 BC Abahlaseli ngemisebenzi ye-Sulla, abemi base-Itali bazama ukulungiselela imvukelo nxamnye noDistotor wegazi. Umqalisi yayiyimfazwe kunye no-Torul Marko Somid Lepiid. UMarko umemele uKesare ukuba abe nenxaxheba kwinkokeli nxamnye nomlawuli, kodwa uJulius waphendula ngokwala.
Emva kokusweleka komfazi waseRoma, nge-77 kwixesha lethu, uKesare uzama ukutsala i-feliks ukuya kuxanduva lokugweba: GETA Cornelia dollanyla ngu-Anthonylayla Gambid. UJulia wavela phambi kwabagwebi ngentetho eqaqambileyo, nangona kunjalo, amasiphalo akwazi ukuphepha ukohlwaywa. Izityholo zikaKesare zarekhodwa kwimibhalo-ngqangi kwaye yangqungqa kwiRoma yakudala. Nangona kunjalo, uJulius wayecinga ukuba kufanelekile ukuphucula izakhono ze-ored kwaye aye eRhodes: utitshala weCicedo, umpu uAilloni Molon, wayehlala kwesi siqithi.
Endleleni eya eRhodes Caesare yafakwa kwiiPirates zalapha ekhaya ezazifuna intlawulelo yomlawuli wexesha elizayo. Ekubanjiweni, uJulius wayengoyiki abaphangi, kodwa ngokuchasene nabo wadibana nabo kwaye waxelela imibongo. Emva kokukhululwa kweentshaba, uJulius wayexhobise i-squadron kwaye wabeka ipirates. Inkundla yabaphangi yokubonelela kaKesare ayiphumelelanga, ngenxa yoko wagqiba kwelokuba enze aboni. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthamba komlinganiswa, uJulius ekuqaleni wayalela ukuba bababulale, emva koko babethelela emnqamlezweni ukuze abaphangi babengakhathazwa.
Kwi-73 g bc UJulius waba yinxalenye yeKholeji ePhezulu yababingeleli, eyayingalawula umntakwabo kaKesare guy Aubreli cotta.
Ngo-68 BC, uKesare utshatile ePompei, isalamane somtshato, kwaye olona tshaba lubi kakhulu utshaba lukaGaya Julia Caesar Getta Penata Pempey. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, umlawuli wexesha elizayo ufumana isikhundla umantyi waseRoma kwaye wabandakanyeka ekuphuculeni imali eyinkunzi ye-Itali, elungiselela imibhiyozo, inceda amahlwempu. Kwaye kwakhona, ukuba ifumene isihloko seSenator, ivela kwimicimbi yezopolitiko kune kwaye ifumane ukuthandwa. UKesare uthathe inxaxheba kwiLegis Fruemerial ("Isonka esigubungelayo"), apho uninzi lwabantu lufumana khona kwixabiso elincitshisiweyo okanye elifunyenwe simahla, nakwiminyaka engama-49 ukuya kwengama-404 i-49-4 ye-BC. UJulia waqhutywa inani leenguqu
Imfazwe
Imfazwe ye-Gallic ngowona msitho udumileyo kwimbali yeRoma yamandulo kunye ne-biography ye-Gulia Caesar.
UKesar waqeqeshwa, ngeli xesha i-Itali ilinephondo laseNquium (kumhlaba weFrance yangoku). UJulius waya kuthetha thethwano nenkokeli yesizwe seCeltic kwiGesis, kuba uGaelviet waqala ukushukuma ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwamaJamani.
Enkosi kwi-ORT yobugcisa, uKesare wakwazi ukweyisela inkokeli yezizwe ukuba angangeni kwintsimi yoBukhosi baseRoma. Nangona kunjalo, i-geelviet yapapashwa kwi-gerium ephakathi, apho yayihlala khona, amantshontsho eRoma. Ukulandela i-Celtic Seltic Star waphula umkhosi wawo. Kwangelo xesha, uJulius waphumelela amaJamani abehlasele amazwe aseGalyan ekwintsimi yomlambo iRhine. Emva kwemfazwe, umlawuli wabhala isincoko ngoloyiso lweGaliyo le-Gortia. "
Ngowama-55 BC, umphathi wamaRoma woyiswa zizizwe zaseJamani ezazelweyo, kamva, uKesare wagqiba kwelokuba atyelele kumhlaba wamaJamani.
UKesare ngumphathi wokuqala weRoma yamandulo, owamenzela iphulo lomkhosi kumhlaba waseReina: U-Julia wahamba ecaleni kwebhulorho engama-400 eyakhiwe ngokukhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kumhlaba waseJamani, umkhosi womkhosi wamaRoma akazangenjwa, kwaye wazama ukwenza iphulo lezinto ezihlwempuzekileyo zaseBritani. Apho, iMorlord iphumelele inani lezoshishino elinempumelelo, kodwa isikhundla somkhosi wamaRoma sasingazinzanga, kwaye uKesare kwafuneka abuye. Ukongeza, kwi-54 BC. U-Julius unyanzelekile ukuba abuyele eGaliyo, ukuze acinezele ivukuthela: I-Galas igqithile kwinani lomkhosi wamaRoma, kodwa woyiswa. Ngo-50 BC, guy Julius Caesar waphinda wabuyisela imimandla yoBukhosi baseRoma.
Ngexesha lobutshaba, uKesare wabonisa iimpawu zobuchule, kunye nobugcisa bokuzalelwa, wayeyazi indlela yokusebenzisa iinkokeli ze-gesic kwaye ikhuthaze ukungqubana kwezinto.
Ubuzwilakhe
Emva kokubanjwa kwamandla eRoma, uJulius waba ngumobi kwaye wayinandipha le meko. UKesare watshintsha ukwenziwa kweSenethi, kunye nokuguqula isakhiwo sentlalo yoBukhosi: Iiklasi ezisezantsi ziyekile ukucula ukuya eRoma, kuba i-vistor irhoxisiwe yintlawulo yenkxaso-mali yesonka.Kwakhona, ukuba phantsi kwesithuba, uKesare ukwexeka ekwakhiweni: apho kwamiswa khona iKesare eRoma, apho intlanganiso yeKesare yayiqhutywa khona, kwaye ivela khona intlanganiso yeSenethi, kunye nesithixo sothando noJulius, yakhiwe kwisikwere esikumgangatho wedolophu yase-Itali. UKesare wabizwa ngegama lika-Emperor, imifanekiso yakhe kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yabahombisa iitempile kunye nezitrato zaseRoma. Ilizwi ngalinye lomphathi wamaRoma lalingana nomthetho.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukongeza eCornilla nasePompeii Sulla, umlawuli waseRoma wayenabafazi abaninzi. Umfazi wesithathu, uJulia, waba yiCaltonis ye-caltonis, eyayivela kwintsapho enesidima kwaye yayingumntu osalandiwe nguMama Caesare. Ukutshata nomphathi wentombazana kwakhutshwa ngo-59 BC, isizathu solo mtshato uchazwa ziinjongo zezopolitiko, emva kwentombi yomtshato, uTata ungcungcutheko.
Ukuba sithetha ngobomi bezesondo bukaKesare, ke umntu ongubani ngu-roman wayenothando kwaye wayenonxibelelwano nabafazi ecaleni.
Kukwaphukile ukuba uJulius Caesare wayekukuzibulala kwaye wangena kwi-Abnal Gody kunye namadoda, umzekelo, ababhali-mbali, ababhali-mbali bakhumbule ubudlelwane bobutsha kunye nabamoyikayo. Mhlawumbi amabali anjalo ngenxa yokuba uKesare wazama ukunyelisa.
Ukuba sithetha ngezopolitiko ezidumileyo, emva koko inkonzo ecaleni komphathi yayiyinkonzo - umfazi wesithili se-siliul kaSilan oselula.
UKesare wayefanelekile kuthando lokusebenza, ngoko ke ndazama ukuzalisekisa iminqweno yonyana wakhe i-brut, esenza ukuba ibe ngowokuqala abantu baseRoma.
Kodwa owona mfazi udumileyo ongumlawuli waseRoma yi-Gelosery Cleopatra. Ngexesha lentlanganiso norhulumente, owayeneminyaka engama-21 ubudala, uKesare wayeneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu: uLaurel Wresh wagutyungelwa nguLisin, kunye neefrinkles zaziburhulumente. Nangona kukho abantu, umlawuli waseRoma woyisa ubuhle, ubukho bethamsanqa, abathandi baqhuba iminyaka emayi-2,5 kwaye baphela xa uKesare wabulawa.
Kuyaziwa ukuba uJulia Caesar wayenabantwana ababini: intombi yomtshato wokuqala kaJulia nonyana, izalelwe i-Sleopatra, ipastarion.
Ukufa
Umlawuli waseRoma wasweleka nge-15 kaMatshi, 44 kwixesha lethu. Unobangela wokufa kukulimala kwesenetors olwenziwa ngokulawulwa kolawulo lukazwilakhe lweminyaka emine. 14 Abantu bathathe inxaxheba kwiyelenqe, kodwa eyona nto iphambili ithathwa njengeMarko, i-prun, unyana yenkonzo, inkosikazi yomlawuli. UKesare wakuthandile ngokungafanelekanga, wamthemba, ukubeka umfana kwindawo ephezulu kunye nokubiyela kubunzima. Nangona kunjalo, umntu osidlayo, uMarko, kwiinjongo zezopolitiko, wayekulungele ukumbulala umntu ongenamda.
Abanye ababhali-mbali bamandulo babekholelwa ukuba i-brus yayineNyana kaKesare, njengoko kunolwalamano lothando nomphathi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwexa elizayo, kodwa le thisi ingakwazi ukuqinisekiswa ngemithombo enokuthenjwa.
Ngokwantsomi, usuku olungaphambi kokuba iye iyelenqe iKesare, inkosikazi yakhe isethoni yabona iphupha eliyinkotha, kodwa ke, umlawuli waseRoma wayethembela kakhulu, wayeziqonda ukuba angamiselwe kwangaphambili.
Abacebisi baqokelelwa kwisakhiwo apho kuqhubeka khona ingqokelela yeSenethi, kufutshane neholo yeholo pompeii. Akukho mntu wayefuna ukuba ngumbulali kaJulia, kwagqitywa kweso saphumlo ukuba wonke umntu uza kusebenza kwi-festor kwi-terning.
Umbhali-mbali waseRoma wakudala wabhala ukuba xa uJulius Kesare wabona i-bruta, wabuza: "Nawe, umntwana ngowam,"
Ukufa kukaKesare ukukhawulezisa ukuwa koBukhosi baseRoma: abemi base-Itali, abaxabisa urhulumente waseKesare, ukuba iqela laseRoma labulala umlawuli omkhulu. Ukumangalisa abacebisi, uKesare wabizwa ngokuba nguShorire kuphela - i-Octavian.
Iinyani ezinomdla
Ubomi uJulia Caesar, kunye namabali malunga nomphathi, uphuphume kwiinyani ezinomdla kunye ne-mgalls:
- INyanga kaJulayi yabizwa ngokuba nguMlawuli waseRoma;
- Abantu ababephila ngexesha likaKesare baphikisa ukuba umlawuli babeneempatho zethuthuzelo;
- Ngexesha lokulwa uGladiator, uKesare wayehlala ebhala into kwiphepha lamaphepha. Nje ukuba umlawuli ebuze ukuba akwazi ukufezekisa amatyala amabini ngaxeshanye? Uphendule ke wathi: "UKesare unokwenza izinto ezintathu kwangaxeshanye, ubhale, ubone, kwaye umamele." Eli binzana liye laba liphiko, ngamanye amaxesha uKesare uyamqhubela umntu othatyathwe ngaxeshanye amatyala aliqela;
- Phantse yonke imifanekiso yefoto gulius yeJulius Caesar ivela phambi kwabaphulaphuli kwi-laurel. Ewe, ebomini, umphathi -yazana wayehlala enxibe le ntloko-nkqo, kuba kwasekuqaleni ukubalekela;
- Malunga neefilimu ezili-10 zenziwe ngomphathi omkhulu, kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu obhayololisayo. Umzekelo, kumanqanaba eTV "iRoma", umphathi ukhumbula uSpartacus, kodwa ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba umphathi emibini ubopha kuphela into yokuba babenokwenzeka.
- Ibinzana elithi "laza labona, laphumelela" lelikaGai Julia laseGalia: Umphathi uthethe emva kokuthatha i-turkey;
- UKesare wasebenzisa i-cipher ngembalelwano eyimfihlo kunye nomphathi. Nangona i-cipher kaKesare iyinto yokuqala: Ileta ebhalwe eli Lizwi yathatyathwa luphawu oluye ngasekhohlo okanye ngasekunene koonobumba;
- Isaladi esidumileyo "UKesare" akabizwa ngamagama emva komlawuli waseRoma, kodwa ukuhlonipha umpheki owenze iresiphi.
Iikowuti
- "Uloyiso luxhomekeke kwivalor yemikhosi."
- "Xa Umntu Ethanda Omnye - Uyibiza ngokuba ufuna: Ubukhoboka, uthando, intlonipho ... kodwa olu asilo uqeqesho luhlala lubuyayo!"
- "Phila ke ukuba uqhele ukuba uyadika xa usweleka."
- Akukho lokoyisa uya kuzisa njengoko ukohlula umntu angasusa. "
- "Imfazwe inika ilungelo lokuloyisa ukuchaza ukoyisa nayiphi na imeko."