Biography
UGalileo Gollise ngoyena mntu ucinga kakhulu kwi-Renaissance Elali, uMsunguli wemidlalo, i-physics kunye neenkwenkwezi, umlandeli weembono ze-copernis, umphambili weNewton.
Isazinzulu sexesha elizayo sazalelwa e-Itali, isixeko sasePisa ngoFebruwari 15, 1564. Utata uVincenzol-ophethe ubugwenxa bee-Aristorats, edlale izithambisi kwaye wabhala izivumelwano kwinkcazo yomculo. UVincenzo wayeyinxalenye yoluntu lweekhamera zeFlorentine, abathathi-nxaxheba bakuzabalazayo ukuba bavuselele intlekele yamandulo yamaGrike. Iziphumo zemisebenzi yeemvumi, iimbongi kunye neemvumi yayiyindalo kwixesha le-XVI-nkulungwane ye-XVII i-opeere.
Umama uJulia Ammannati wakhokela ekhaya waza wakhulisa abantwana abane: ePilao, iVirginia, Lipelangelo. Unyana omncinci waya emanyathelweni kaBawo kwaye emva koko waziwa ngobugcisa bomqambi. Xa uGalileo wayeneminyaka esi-8 ubudala, usapho lwafudukela kwidolophu enkulu Tuscany, isixeko saseFlorence, apho i-Medica Synady ichuma, yaziwa ngokuba yingozi yayo yamagcisa, iimvumi, iimbongi neenzululwazi.
Kwasebutsheni, uGalali wanikwa isikolo kwimoniya ye-villombomboz. Inkwenkwe yabonisa ubuchule bokuzoba, iiLwimi zokufunda kunye neeSayensi ezichanekileyo. Ukusuka eGalilio kwakufumana ilifa umculo wokuva kunye nokukwazi ukwenziwa, kodwa isayensi kuphela eyatsala umfana.
Izifundo
Ngo-17, uGalileo uya ePisa ukuya kuphonononga amayeza eyunivesithi. Umfana, ukongeza izinto eziphambili kunye nezonyango, waba nomdla kwiiklasi zeMathematics. Umfana wafumanisa ukuba umhlaba we-geometric kunye ne-algebraic, ephembelela iVidiyo yeGalili. Kule minyaka intathu ukuba le ndoda ifundile eyunivesithi, wafunda ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi wamaGrike amandulo kunye nezazinzulu, kwaye wadibana nethiyori ye-hernestic kaCopernicus.
Emva kwethuba leminyaka emithathu yokuhlala esikolweni, iGalili yanyanzelwa ukuba ibuyele kwiFlorence ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali yokuqeqesha ngakumbi kubazali. Ubunkokeli beyunivesithi ayizange ivume imvumelwano kumfana onetalente, khange avumele ithuba lokugqiba ikhosi kwaye ufumane isidanga. Kodwa iGalileo sele inesifo sengqondo esinempembelelo, uMarquis Gwidobaldo Dolte, owayemthanda italente yaseGalili kwicandelo lokuyila. I-Aristoctrat ityhutywe kwiwadi phambi kweTuscan Daurgaga Fedinnin i Mediya kwaye yanika lo mfana nomvuzo kwiyadi yomlawuli.
Sebenza eyunivesithi
IMarquis Delte i-Monte yanceda inzululwazi enetalente yokufumana indawo katitshala kwiYunivesithi yaseBologna. Ukongeza kwiintetho, iGalileo ikhokelela kwimisebenzi yeziqhamo. Inzululwazi ibandakanyeka kwimicimbi yoomatshini kunye nemathematics. Ngo-1689, kangangeminyaka emithathu, umntu ocinga ibuyela kwiYunivesithi yasePisa, kodwa ngoku njengomfundisi wemathematics. Ngo-1692, iminyaka eli-18 ubudala ifudukela kwiRiphabhliki, isixeko singuPadu.
Ukudibanisa umsebenzi wokufundisa kwiYunivesithi yasekuhlaleni kunye namava eSayensi, uGalileo upapasha iincwadi "xa uthatha izimvo zika-Aristotle. Kwangeyongomhla okufanayo, omnye weziganeko ezibalulekileyo ezenzeka-Inzululwazi ikhulisa iteleskopu evumele ubomi bemifanekiso yasezulwini. Izinto ezifunyanisiweyo ezenziwe ngoGalili ngoncedo lwesixhobo esitsha, i-astronomer echazwe kwiCustose "i-Statlin".
Ukubuya ngo-1610 eFlorence, ekunyamekelweni kweTuscan Duimo Metimo II, iGalili ikhupha isincoko 'seSpots Spots' esinelanga ', esahlangatyezwa ngeCawa yamaKatolika. Ekuqaleni kweXesha le-Xvii, i-Interisition yenze ngentshuntshe enkulu. Kwaye abalandeli bakaCopernicus babekwiijemes zokholo lobuKristu kwiakhawunti ekhethekileyo.
Ngo-1600, iJordani Bruno yabulawa emlilweni, engazange ikhathaze izimvo zayo. Ke ngoko, imisebenzi yeGalileo Gallililililics yayithathelwa ingqalelo. Inzululwazi yayijongwa njengomKatolika kwaye ayibonanga ukuchasana phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe kunye nomfanekiso wehlabathi onamandla. I-Asstronomer ese-Asstromer kunye neMathematics ithathele ingqalelo le ncwadi ikhuthaza usindiso lomphefumlo, kwaye hayi kulo lonke unyango lwesayensi.
Ngo-1611, iGalili iya eRoma ukubonisa i-telescope upoul V. Inkcazo-ntetho yesixhobo iSayensi ichithe olona lungezo lwe-lestronomers. Kodwa isicelo sesosayensi sokunyamezela isigqibo sokugqibela kwingxaki yenkqubo ye-Heliocentricwo yehlabathi kuye kwagqiba ikamva lakhe emehlweni eCawa yamaKatolika. I-Papists yavakaliswa kwelaseGalili kunye ne-Ofisi ye-Outtic, inkqubo yokutyhubela yasungulwa ngo-1615. Umxholo we-heliocentrism yamkelwe ngokusemthethweni njengeKhomishini yamaRoma ebubuxoki ngo-1616.
Intanda-bulumko
Eyona nto iphambili kwiVidiyo yeHlabathi yeGalili kukuqwalaselwa kwemeko yehlabathi, ngaphandle kokuqonda komntu. Indalo inguNaphakade kwaye engenasiphelo, iqaliswe yi-Pellennnnnnnnnnnnnn. Akukho nto kwisithuba esishiyiweyo ngaphandle komkhondo, lutshintsho kubume bezinto ezenzekayo. Ihlabathi lezinto ezibonakalayo lisekwe kwintshukumo yoomatshini yamasuntswana, ukuba ufundisile enokufundwa yimithetho yendalo iphela. Ke ngoko, imisebenzi yesayensi kufuneka isekwe kumava kunye nolwazi lwento yehlabathi. Indalo eGalileo yinyani yentanda-bulumko, ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi na onokuyisondela kwinyaniso kunye nobulungisa bezinto eziphambili.
IGalili yayizibophelelo zeendlela ezimbini zeSayensi yeNdalo - Uvavanyo kwaye luthambe. Ngoncedo lweNdlela yokuqala, iSayensi yeSayensi yeSayensi ye-hypotheses, yesibini ithathe inxaxheba intshukumo engaguqukiyo evela kolunye, ukufezekisa ulwazi olupheleleyo. Kumsebenzi, ukucinga ngokuzithemba ngokuyintloko kwiimfundiso zezinto ezifuywayo. Ukugxeka isibheno sika-Aristotle, iGalili ayizange ayigatye indlela yohlalutyo esetyenziswa sisithandi-sobulumko.
I-Astronomy
Ngenxa ye-1609, itelekoni edalwe isebenzisa i-lens ye-convex kunye ne-concave yelielika, elaseGalili yaqalisa ukubeka esweni i-uminais yasezulwini. Kodwa ukunyuka okuthe kratya kwisixhobo sokuqala esingenasosayensi ngovavanyo olwenziwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kungekudala i-Astronomer idala iteleskopu ngokunyuka kwe-32.
I-luminaire yokuqala, eyafundwa yiGalili efundelwa ngokweenkcukacha ngoncedo lwesixhobo esitsha, yayiyinyanga. Inzululwazi ifumene iintaba ezininzi kwaye ishushu kumphezulu wesatellite yomhlaba. Ukufunyanwa kokuqala kuqinisekisile ukuba umhlaba kwiindawo ezibonakalayo akafani kwezinye imizimba yasezulwini. Olu yayilokuqala ukuvulwa kokuqala kuka-Aristotle malunga nohluko emhlabeni nakwimeko yasezulwini.
Ukufunyanwa kwesibini okukhulu kwindawo ye-Astronomy echaphazelekayo ekufumaneni iisatellite ezine ze-jupita, esele iqinisekisiwe kwiifoto ze-cosmil ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, wakhanyela iimpikiswano zabanye abachasi bakaCopernicus ukuba, ukuba inyanga ijikeleza umhlaba, umhlaba awunakujikeleza ilanga. IGalili ngenxa yokungafezeki kweeteleskopu zokuqala azikwazanga ukuseka ixesha lokuguqula kwezi satellite. Ubungqina bokugqibela bokujikeleza kwenyanga yeJupitar babekwe phambili emva kweminyaka engama-70 njenge-Astronomer Cassini.
UGalileo wafumanisa ubukho bamabala elanga, awayeyiphawula ixesha elide. Emva kokuba efundile ukukhanya, iGalili yenze isigqibo malunga nokujikeleza kwelanga elijikeleze i-axis yakhe. Ukubukela iVenus ne-Mercury, i-astranomer, i-astronomer imisele ukuba iiplanethi ze-orbits zikufuphi nelanga. IGalili yafumanisa amakhonkco e-Saturn kwaye iphinde yachaza iplanethi nePunne, kodwa de kube sekupheleni kwezi zinto wayesilele kwangaphambili, ngenxa yokungafezeki kwetekhnoloji. Ukubukela iteleskopu emva kweenkwenkwezi zendlela yeMilky Way, iSayensi yaqinisekisa ubungakanani babo obukhulu.
Ukuvavanywa kwaye ngokungqongqo, igalari ingqina ukuba umhlaba ungcolisa kuphela ilanga, kodwa kunye ne-axis yayo, eyalomeleza i-astronothesis echanileyo. ERoma, emva kokwamkelwa kwendwendwe eVatican, iGalili iba lilungu le-Academy yaseDei Linch, eyayisekelwa yinkosana ye-Cerse.
Oomatshini
Isiseko senkqubo yendalo kwindalo ngokweGalili yintshukumo yomatshini. Inzululwazi yendalo iphela ithathelwa ingqalelo njengendlela entsonkothileyo equka ezi zizathu zilula. Ke ngoko, oomatshini baba lilitye lembombo kwindawo yesayensi yelaseGalili. UGalileo wenza izinto ezininzi ezifunyenweyo kwingingqi yoomatshini, kwaye bachonge izikhombisi zokufunyanwa kwezinto ezizayo kwi-physics.
Inzululwazi yokuqala yaseka umthetho wokuwa kwaye uyiqinisekise ngokungqongileyo. UGalileo wavula ifomula yomzimba yomzimba ebhabha, ehamba kwi-engile ukuya kumphezulu othe tyaba. Intshukumo ye-parabolic yento eshiyiweyo yayibalulekile ekubaleni iitafile zobugcisa.
IGalili yaqulunqa umthetho we-Istiria, eye yaba sisiseko esisiseko soomatshini. Enye into eyayifunyanwe ngumgaqo wobuhlobo malunga nobuhlobo kubachwephesha bocaphulo, kunye nokubalwa kwefomula yemidlalo ye-pendulum. Ngokusekwe kuphononongo lokugqibela, iiyure zokuqala ezinependulum ngo-1657 nguGeugenes Phugenes Phugenes.
IGalili kuqala ithathe ingqalelo yokunganyangeki kwento ebonakalayo kunokuba impembelelo yesayensi ezimeleyo. Ukuqiqa kwenzululwazi kwakuthi kamva yimithetho yefiziksi ekulondolozeni kwamandla kwicandelo lomxhuzulane, umzuzu wokunyanzelwa.
IMathematics
IGalili kwizigwebo zemathematics zasondela kwimbono yethiyori efanelekileyo. Uphando lwakho kule nzululwazi, isazinzulu esichazwe kwi-PROOCE "Ukuqiqa malunga noMdlalo kwithambo", eyayipapashwa iminyaka engama-76 emva kokuba umntu embhali. IGalili yaba ngumbhali we-paradoni yemathematics eyaziwayo kumanani endalo kunye nezikwere zazo. Ukubala kukaGalili kubhalwe emsebenzini "Iingxoxo malunga neeSayensi ezitsha ezimbini". Uphuhliso lwenze isiseko sethiyori yeeseti kunye nokuhlelwa kwabo.Imbambano ngecawe
Emva kwe-1616, iguqukele kwindawo yebhayiloji yesayensi yaseGalili, wanyanzeleka ukuba aye emthunzini. Inzululwazi yoyikeka ivakalise eyakhe izimvo, ke ekuphela kwencwadi ye-Galloo epapashiweyo emva kokubhengezwa kwe-therestic yayingumntu owenziwa ngu-1623 "projecrychik." Emva kokutshintsha amandla eVatiria Gordee, wathabatha umoya, wayekholelwa ukuba uTata omtsha edolophu viii wayeya kuba yinto entle kakhulu kwiimbono zeCopernikovsky kunangaphambili.
Kodwa emva kwembonakalo kumaphepha-matshini ngo-1632, unyango lwempikiswano "malunga neenkqubo ezimbini eziphambili zehlabathi", i-Inquisition iphinda ifikelele kwinzululwazi. Eli nqaku laphindaphindwa ngesityholo, kodwa ngeli xesha leyaseGalileo yonke into yaphela ihamba ngakumbi.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukuhlala ePadua, i-Gallile eselula yadibana nezihloko zeRiphabhlikhi yaseVenetian yaseVenaga, eyaba ngumfazi waseburhulumenteni wenzululwazi. ElaseGalili, kwazalwa abantwana abathathu, unyana kaVincenzo, intombi yaseVirgiya, neLibya. Ekubeni abantwana babonakala ngaphandle komtshato, amantombazana emva koko amantombazana kwafuneka abe ngugqirha. Ngowama-55, uGalileo wakwazi ukumisela ngokusemthethweni nguNyana kuphela, ngoko umfana wakwazi ukutshata nokumnika uYise womzukulwana, owakayisa kwixesha elizayo njengokuba umakazi waba yimonki.
Emva kokuba imibuzo yatsho iGalileo yomthetho, yafudukela kwi-Arhen, eyayingekakude nendlu yomongamedi. Ke ngoko, kaninzi, uGalilei wabona oyena uthandayo, intombi endala yintombi yaseVirgiya, yaya ekufeni kwakhe ngo-1634. I-Libya yaseMzantsi ayizange indwendwele utata wakhe ngenxa yentlungu.
Ukufa
Ngenxa yento yokufakwa entolongweni yexesha elifutshane ngo-1633, iGalili yakulahla umbono wabangamkileyo kwaye yawa phantsi komthwalo osisigxina. Inzululwazi ibekwe phantsi kokhuseleko lwendlu kwiSixeko saseArcheryry ngokuthintelwa konxibelelwano. UGalileo wayehlala eTuscan Villa ukuba ayilula kude kube yimihla yokugqibela yobomi. Intliziyo ye-geniyo yema nge-8 kaJanuwari, 1642. Ngexesha lokufa, bekukho abafundi ababini - iViviani neTorricelli kufutshane nabaphengululi. Kwiminyaka engama-30, imisebenzi yokugqibela yedatha yenziwa - "Iincoko" kunye "neencoko kunye nobungqina bezibalo malunga nemizi-mveliso emitsha" kwiHomertant Holland.
Emva kokuba ukusweleka kwamaKatolika kwakungavunyelwa ukuba angcwabe uthuli kweGalileo kwi-Santa basilica Ingxolo ye-Santa basilica ikhala, apho isazinzulu sifuna ukuba neenkani. Ubulungisa buzame ngo-1737. Ukususela ngoku, ingcwaba likaGalili lilungiselelwe ecaleni kweMichelangelo. Emva kwenye iminyaka engama-20, icawa yalungisa umbono we-helriocentrism. Ukugwetywa kukaGalileo kwakufuneka lilinde ixesha elide. Impazamo ye-Outotion yamkelwa kuphela ngo-1992 nguPopu John Paul II.