Biography
I-Dené Descartes -I-Ingcali yeMathematics, isithandi-sobulumko, uMhlathi, oogqirha, iingcinga ezidlale indima enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kwamashishini aliqela. Wakhulisa imiqondiso ye-algebraic, esiyisebenzisayo unanamhla, waba ngu "Bawo" weJometri yohlalutyo, ebeka iziseko zokwenziwa kwe-desckogy, kwaye ayisiyiyo yonke impumelelo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-DocCes ye-Recartes yavela kwiSixeko saseL la ngoMatshi 31, 1596. Emva koko, igama lesi sixeko lalibizwa ngokuba yi-deprence. Abazali bakaRena babengabameli bobuchule bakudala, nto leyo kwinkulungwane ye-XIS engaphelelanga iziphelo. URena waba ngunyana wesithathu entsatsheni. Xa uDecarte wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala, umama wafa ngequbuliso. Utata wenzululwazi yexa elizayo wayesebenza njengomgwebi kwesinye isixeko, ngenxa yoko engafane atyelele abantwana. Ke ngoko, emva kokusweleka kukamama, umakhulu wathabatha iMacrten-encinci.
Ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala, uRes ubonakalisile ukubetha kunye nomnqweno wokufumana ulwazi. Kule meko, wayenempilo ebuthathaka. Inkwenkwe yokuqala yemfundo efunyenwe kwiKholeji yeJesuit ye-LA iflash. Eli ziko lemfundo lahlulwa ngolawulo olungqongqo, kodwa iDeCCerte, ithathela ingqalelo imeko yezempilo, yenza kule ndlela yokuphumla. Umzekelo, wayenokuvuka emva kwabanye abafundi.
Njengakwiikholeji ezininzi zelo xesha, kwi-la flash, imfundo yayizenkolo. Kwaye nangona isifundo sasithetha lukhulu kwiiDocartes ezincinci, ukuqhelaniswa kwenkqubo yenkqubo yemfundo yaphakamisa kwaye yasomeleza kuye isimo sengqondo sokuxhasa abasemagunyeni ngeli xesha.
Ebegqibile ukufundelwa ebhodini, uRené waya kwii-Poitiers, apho wafumana khona isidanga somthetho we-bachelor. Emva koko uchithe ixesha elithile kwikomkhulu laseFransi, kwaye ngo-1617 wangena emkhosini. IMathematics ithathe inxaxheba kwimbambano kwintsimi yeHohland, ngelixa inguquko ingena ngenguquko, kunye nedabi elifutshane lePrague. E-Holland, i-cartances yenza ukuba abahlobo bakaIsake uIsaac Bekman.
Emva koko uRena waphila ixesha eParis, kwaye xa abalandeli bakaJesuit bafunda ngeengcamango zakhe, babuyela eHolland, apho wayehlala khona iminyaka engama-20. Ubomi bonke, watshutshiswa, wahlaselwa ecaweni ukuze aqhubeke nemibono, eyathi yaphelisa inqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwesayensi ye-XI-XVII kwiinkulungwane ezahlukeneyo.
Intanda-bulumko
Imfundiso yentanda-bulumko yeDené Dcarte yayingaqhelekanga kwixesha elibini: wayekholelwa ukuba kukho into efanelekileyo, kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo. Kwaye emva koko, kwaye omnye waqala wabaqonda ukuba bazimele. Umbono we-descartes Doceris ukwandakanya ukwamkelwa kobukho beentlobo ezimbini zezinto zehlabathi lethu: ukucinga kwaye kwandiswa. Inzululwazi yayikholelwa ukuba nguThixo owona mthombo wezondibini. Iyayifaka ngokwemithetho efanayo, idale ngokuhambelana noxolo kunye nentshukumo, kwaye igcina izinto.
Indlela ye-Tecalia ikwindlela yolwazi ye-Reené Descartes yabona ngokungqinelana. Kwangelo xesha, ulwazi lwenzululwazi luqwalasela imfuneko yokuba umntu alawule amandla endalo. Amathuba okuqina kwe-Descartes ashiywe kukungafezeki komntu, umahluko kuThixo ofezekileyo. Ukucinga kukaRede malunga nokumazi ngale ndlela, enyanisweni, ibeke isiseko sengqibelelo.
Inqaku lokuqala lokukhangela uninzi lwe-ren reaties kwintsimi yefilosofi yayithandabuza inyani, impazamo yolwazi enxulumene neyamkeleke ngokubanzi. Idyokhwe ye-DETARD "Ndicinga ukuba - ke, ndikhona" ngenxa yezi zixolelo. Isithandi-sobulumko sathiwa ukuba umntu ngamnye unokuthandabuza ubukho bomzimba wakhe kunye nelizwe elingaphandle lilonke. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, eli uthandabuza lihlala lingathandazi.
IMathematics kunye neFiziksi
Isiphumo esiphambili sentanda-bulumko kunye nemathematics yomsebenzi weDescartes yeDescartes yayibhalwa yincwadi ethi "Ukuqiqa Ngendlela". Incwadi iqulethe izicelo ezininzi. Isicelo esinye siqulathe uhlalutyo lweJometri yohlalutyo. Esinye isicelo siquka imigaqo yokufunda izixhobo ezibonakalayo kunye ne-phenomena, impumelelo yekhathuni (okokuqala ngqaqokelela iqulunqe uMthetho wokukhanya) njalo njalo.
Inzululwazi yazisa isidanga esisetyenzisiweyo ngoku, umgca ongaphezulu kwentetho ethathwe phantsi kwengcambu iqalisa ukubonisa iisimboli "X, Y, abalinganiswa" A, C ". Imathematics ikwaphuhlise indlela ye-canoning ye-equation, ethi yona namhlanje isetyenziswa ekusombululeni (xa i-zero ikwinxalenye efanelekileyo ye-equation).
Enye impumelelo yeDescartes, ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphucula iMathematics kunye neFiziks, kukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokulungelelanisa. Inzululwazi yazisa ukuze yenze inkcazo yepropathi yejometri yemizimba kunye nejika kwi-Algebra ye-Algebra. Ngamanye amagama, yayinguRené Dcartes owenze ukuba ahlaziye i-equation kwi-Chripyation kwinkqubo yokuLungelelanisa iCarthesian, esingumcimbi okhethekileyo wenkqubo eyaziwayo. Oku kuba nezinto ezintsha kwakuvumela okungakumbi kwaye kuchanekile ngakumbi ukutolika amanani amabi.
Imathematics ihlole imisebenzi ye-Algebraic kunye ne "Matshini", ngelixa ixambulisana yokuba akukho ndlela inye yokufunda imisebenzi yokuguqulela. I-Descartes ngokukhethekileyo ifundisisa iinombolo zokwenyani, kodwa yaqala ukuthathela ingqalelo kwaye inzima. Yazisa ngengcinga yeengcambu ezimbi ezilinganayo zihambelana nomxholo wamanani antsonkothileyo.
Izifundo kwicandelo leMathematics, iJometri, iikhilomitha kunye neSfizikhi ziye zasiseko sephepha lezenzululwazi le-EULER, iNewton kunye nenani lezinzulu. Bonke abantu bezibalo sesiqingatha senkulungwane yesibini ye-Xvisi baliseka izimvo zabo kwimisebenzi yeDyuniyini yeDyuniyini.
Indlela yokuhombisa
Inzululwazi yayikholelwa ukuba amava ayimfuneko kuphela ukunceda ingqondo kwezo meko xa kungenakwenzeka ukuba kuza kwinyaniso kuphela. Amashumi amathathu kubo bonke ubomi besayensi yeDescartes ephethe izinto ezine eziphambili zendlela yokukhangela kweNyaniso:- Kuyimfuneko ukuqala kweyona nto icacile, engathandabuzekiyo. Ngokuchaseneyo nento engenakwenzeka ukuba ivume.
- Nayiphi na ingxaki kufuneka yahlulwe ibe ngamacandelo amaninzi amancinci njengoko kuthatha ukufezekisa isisombululo semveliso.
- Kufuneka iqalwe ngendlela elula, apho kufuneka ngokuthe ngcembe uqhube ngaphezulu nangakumbi.
- Kwinqanaba ngalinye, kunyanzelekile ukuba baphinde basebenzise ukuchaneka kwesigqibo sezinto ezenziwe ngoko ngokweziphumo zesifundo, ukuze zithembele kwinkangeleko yolwazi efunyenweyo.
Abaphandi baqaphele ukuba le mithetho isetyenziswa ngamanyathelo ngokuthe gabalala, ukudala imisebenzi, ibonakalisa umnqweno wenkcubeko yaseYurophu yeXvii yenkulungwane yokwakha iSayensi eseleyo neNzululwazi.
Ubomi Buqu
Malunga nobomi bobuqu be-decarris ye-creckers bayazi kancinci. Abantu ababephila ngexesha wayekhukhumeleyo kwaye bathe cwaka, bakhetha ukuba yedwa kwiinkampani, kodwa kwisangqa sabathandekayo banokubonisa umsebenzi omangalisayo kunxibelelwano. Umfazi kaRena, kuyabonakala ukuba, yayingeyo.
Ebudeni, wayethandana nomkhonzazana, owamnika intombi kaFrancin. Intombazana yayizalwa ngokungekho semthethweni, kodwa i-caretimes yamthanda kakhulu. Kwiminyaka yobudala emihlanu, uFrancine wasweleka ngenxa yessalethi. Inzululwazi yakhe yokufa ibizwa ngokuba yeyona ntlekele inkulu yobomi bakhe.
Ukufa
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, i-DrecChes Doscartes ihlehlela ingozi yokukhangela isayensi. Ngo-1649, wafudukela eStockholm, apho wamenyelwa kwiKumkanikazi yaseSweden kaChristina. Ngalo dini lokugqibela, iminyaka emininzi iphinde yabhalwa kwakhona. UChristina woyiswa nguntlonelo wesayensi kwaye wathembisa ngobomi ozolileyo kwikomkhulu lakhe. I-ALOS, ubomi eStockholm uvuselele ixesha nje elincinci: Kungekudala emva kokuba intshukumo yayibanda. Ibanda ngokukhawuleza yajika yaba kukuvuvukala kwemiphunga. Inzululwazi yaya kwiLizwe kwelinye nge-11 kaFebruwari, 1650.
Kukho uluvo lokuba i-temicasts ayifi ngenxa yenyumoniya, kodwa ngenxa yetyhefu. Kwindima yobungqina, iiarhente zeCawa yamaKatolika zinokwenza isenzo, esingangengobukho boxabano odakumbileyo ecaleni kwenkosikazi yaseSweden. ICawa ye-Katolika yokugqibela yenzelwe ukutshintsha ukholo, okwenzekileyo kwiminyaka emine emva kokubhubha kukaRese. Isiqinisekiso senjongo yale nguqulo namhlanje ayifumananga, kodwa uninzi lwabaphandi luthambele kulo.
Iikowuti
- Isenzo esiphambili sazo zonke iinkanuko zabantu kukuba ziyakhuthaza kwaye ziqwalasele umphefumlo womntu onqwenela ukuba ezi ziphi zabantu zilungisa umzimba wakhe.
- Uninzi lweembambano ungaqaphela impazamo enye: Ngelixa inyani iphakathi kweembono ezimbini ezikhuselweyo, nganye yeyokugqibela ishiya, kude kune-subb yeshushu.
- Umntu ofayo oqhelekileyo uvele abo bakhalazayo kuba ucinga ukuba intaba yabo bakhalaza inkulu kakhulu, ngelixa esona sizathu sokuba abantu abaninzi bebeziva bekhalaza kwabo bazivayo.
- Intanda-bulumko kuba iyasebenza kubo bonke ulwazi lwabantu, umntu owahlula kuphela kwi-savage kunye nabaseBarbarians, kwaye bonke abantu bafundiswe intanda-bulumko; Ke ngoko, akukho kulungelelwa okukhulu kukaRhulumente, ukuba ungaba nentanda-bulumko yenene.
- Ukufuna ukwazi ukuba kutshiswe kuphela emva koko ukumangalisa; Ndinomdla wokufunda kwaye ndiyeke ukumangalisa.
I-Bibliography
- Intanda-bulumko yoMoya kunye neNdawo ye-Declor
- Imigaqo yokukhokelwa kwengqondo
- Ukufakela inyaniso ngokuKhanya kweNdalo
- Umhlaba, okanye ukukhanya
- Ukuqiqa malunga nendlela yokuthumela ingqondo ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ufumane inyaniso kwiNzululwazi
- Ekuqaleni, intanda-bulumko
- Inkcazo yomzimba womntu. Kwimo yesilwanyana
- Amagqabantshintshi ngenkqubo ethile epapashwe eBelgium ekupheleni kwe-1647 phantsi kwesihloko: Inkcazo yengqondo yomntu, okanye umphefumlo ofanelekileyo, apho kuchazwa ntoni kwaye yintoni enokubakho
- Umphefumlo weTsion
- Ukucingisisa kwintanda-bulumko yokuqala, apho ubukho bukaThixo kunye nomahluko phakathi komphefumlo womntu nomzimba bungqinelwa
- Izichaso zabanye izazinzulu zibonisa oku kungentla "zokubonisa" ngeempendulo zombhali
- Inzulu kuBawo Dina, i-abbot yephondo yeFrance
- Incoko nge-burner
- I-geometry
- I-Cosmogony: Iindlela ezimbini
- Ekuqaleni, intanda-bulumko
- Ukubonakaliswa kwintanda-bulumko yokuqala