I-Friedrich Nietzsche - Biography, ifoto, ubomi bomntu, intanda-bulumko, i-bibliography

Biography

I-Friedrich Nietzsche - Isithandi-sobulumko saseJamani, i-Trict, imbongi kunye nomqambi. Imfundiso yakhe ye-eCouremic yasasazwa ngokubanzi kwinzululwazi kunye noluntu lwefilosofi, kodwa kude kube ngaphaya koko. UNietzsche wathandabuza imigaqo ephambili eyamkelweyo ngokubanzi kwiinkulungwane ze-Xix-Xx, isimilo sobudlelwane boluntu nezopolitiko. Umxholo wefilosofi kwaye unanamhla ubangela imbambano enkulu kunye nokungaboni ngasonye.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

UFridrich uWilhelm UNietzsche wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 15, 1844 kwilali yaseRökeken, ekufuphi ne-Leipzig. Utata wakhe, uKarl Ludwig Neietzsche, kunye noomakhulu bakhe, yayinguMbingeleli oLokrera. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, inkwenkwe yayinodade-Elizabeth, nakwiminyaka embalwa - uMzalwana uLudwig Josef. Umninawa omncinci uGridrich wasweleka ngo-1849, kwaye udadewabo waphila ubomi obude kwaye waya ehlabathini abanye ngo-1935.

Kungekudala emva kokuzalwa kukanyana omncinci ka-Karl Ludwig Neietzsche. Ukunyamekela ukhuliswa kwe-rimerich ngokupheleleyo kwathabatha unina. Yathi yaya kude kube nge-1858, xa umfana olawula ulawula wayamkela imfundo kwindawo yokuzivocavoca ' Ixesha lokufunda kwindawo yokuzivocavoca liye laba yinto entle kwiNietzsche: Apho kuqala waqala ukubhala, eqhutywa ngokufunda imibhalo yakudala kwaye wafumana umnqweno omkhulu wokuzinikela kumculo. Kwindawo enye, i-rincrich yahlangana nemisebenzi yaseBairon, i-schiller, i-HöldDerlin, ngemisebenzi ye-Wagner.

Ngo-1862, iNietzsche yaqalisa uqeqesho kwiDyunivesithi yaseBon, enyula ifilology kunye nezenkolo. Ubomi babafundi kungekudala banesithukuthezi ngomfundi oselula; Ukongeza koku, wayengenalo ubudlelwane kunye nabantu ofunda nabo, awazama ukubethelela imbonakalo yehlabathi. Ke ngoko, i-friedrich kungekudala idluliselwe kwiYunivesithi yaseLeipzig. Ngesinye isihlandlo, xa wayehamba esixekweni, wabhadula ngengozi kwibhentshi yeencwadi ezindala waza wafumana umsebenzi "woxolo njengentando kunye nezahluko" Arthur Shopenhauer. Incwadi yachukumiseka kakhulu yiNietzsche kwaye yaba nefuthe kwifilosofi.

Ukufundisisa i-rimerich kwi-filocy yefilogy kwiYunivesithi yaseLeipzig yenzeka nge-24, sele imenyiwe kwi-24, lo mntu wamenywa ukuba afundise iPrilosor kwiYunivesithi yase-Basel. Yayiyimeko yokuqala kwinkqubo yemfundo yaseYurophu, xa intshayelelo enjalo ivunyelwe ukuba ifumane imeko yonjingalwazi. Nangona kunjalo, i-naietzche ayifumananga luphando, nangona engazange avume ukwakha umsebenzi wobungqina.

Nangona kunjalo, isithandi-sobulumko side sisebenze njengomfundisi-ntsapho. Ukuma kwesi sithuba, wagqiba kwelokuba ahlukane nobumi basePrussia (iYunivesithi yase-Basel ikwiSwitzerland). Ke ngoko, kwiMfazwe yaseFranco-iPussian, ebanjwa ngo-1870, ayikwazanga ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-Nietzsche. I-Switzerland kule ngxabano ithathe indawo engathathi cala kwaye ke yavumela uNjingalwazi kuphela esebenza kuphela nguSanitar.

I-Friedrich Nietzsche ukusukela ebuntwaneni ayifani nempilo eyomeleleyo. Ke, kwixesha elizweni elinesibhozo, wabandezeleka ngenxa ye-Insommia naseMigraminiya, iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ukongeza koku, waqala wafumana iingxaki ngesisu. Wawugqiba umsebenzi e-Basel ngo-1879, emva koko waqala ukufumana ipenshini kwaye ebandakanyeke kwiincwadi zokubhala, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukulwa nesifo.

Intanda-bulumko

Incwadi yokuqala kaFradrich Nietzsche yapapashwa ngo-1872 kwaye yayilinxiba igama elithi "ukuzalwa kwentlekele kumoya womculo." Ngaphambi koku, isithandi sobulumko sathumela inani lamanqaku esayensi ukuze ipapashwe, kodwa kwakungekho ncwadi igcweleyo. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala onzulu unezahluko ezingama-25.

Kwi-15, i-Nietzsche izama ukumisela ukuba yintoni intlekele yesiGrike, kwaye kwi-10 yokugqibela kwaye ithetha malunga ne-wagner, de umqambi wamkela ubuKristu).

"Ke kaloku bathetha iZarathustra"

Ayikho enye imveliso yesithandi-sobulumko esinokufaka isicelo senqanaba lokuthandwa kwencwadi ethi "Wathetha u-Zarathustra." Ezona ngcinga ziphambili zomsebenzi wazo odumileyo nguFredrich Nietzsche zafunyanwa ngokuhamba eRoma ekupheleni kwe-Xix inkulungwane. Apho wadibana nombhali, ugqirha-ogqirha kunye nefilosoti you Salome. UNietzsche wafumana umphulaphuli othandekayo kuyo kwaye wanomdla wokuguquguquka kwengqondo yakhe. Wake wazama ukwenza isicelo sakhe, kodwa uLou Salome wakhetha ubuhlobo.

Kungekudala uNietzsche kwaye uSalome waxabana kwaye akazange azinxibelelane. Emva koko, i-Eridrich yabhala inxalenye yokuqala yomsebenzi "watsho uZarathustra", apho abaphandi bale mihla basinika ifuthe loMhlobo wokomoya kunye nemibono ". Inxalenye yesibini neyesithathu yomsebenzi yabona ukukhanya ngo-1884, kwaye okwesine kwabonakala kwinguqulelo eprintiweyo ngo-1885. I-Nietzsche yakhe ikhutshwe kwinani lama-40 amaqhekeza eemali zakhe.

Isitayile salo msebenzi sitshintsha njengebali: Kuyabonakala ukuba yi-poitic, emva koko i-comic, emva koko intsha kwimibongo. Encwadini, irilerich yaqala yazisa ngegama elinjalo njengama-Wistians, kwaye yaqala nokukhulisa ithiyori yendawo enamandla. Ngelo xesha, ezi ngcinga zazinxitywe buthathaka, kwaye emva koko waqulunqa imbono yakhe kwimisebenzi "ngecala lokulungileyo nokubi" kunye "nomlibo wokuziphatha okuhle". Incwadi yesine yomsebenzi inikezelwe kwibali malunga nendlela uZapprecks amgculela ngayo abathandekayo abamthandayo.

Uya kwenza amandla

Phantse yonke imibhalo yentanda-bulumko idlula indlela yokuziphatha malunga nokuthanda komgaqo wethiyori yakhe. Ngokutsho kweNietzsche, ulawulo luphawu lwendalo, ukufunyanwa kwentloko, kunye nendlela yobukho. Kule meko, i-rilerich ichaze intando yokubeka iinjongo. Wayethetha ukuba ukhetho lwenjongo kunye nentshukumo kuyo inokubizwa ngokuba ngumthetho opheleleyo.

Ukufa kukaThixo

UFrederick Nietzsche wayenomdla kakhulu kwimicimbi yenkolo nokufa. "UThixo wasweleka" yenye yeempindezelo zakhe ezidumileyo. Le ngxelo yentanda-bulumko yayichaze njengenyuka eNililism, ebangela uphando lokuhla kwexabiso laphesheya kolawulo lobomi.

Inzululwazi ikwagxeka ubuKristu ngenxa yokuba ubomi kwihlabathi lokwenyani, olu nqulo lukhethe ukuba kwihlabathi liphela. Esi sihloko sanikezelwa kwincwadi ethi "umchasi-Kristu. Bhuti bobuKristu. " Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, uFriledrich Nietzsche wavakalisa imeko yakhe ye-nihilic kwincwadi ethi "Umntu", wabona ukukhanya ngo-1876.

Ubomi Buqu

UFradrich Nietzsche uphinda atshintshe izimvo zakhe kumgangatho webhinqa, ngoko ke ukuthandwa "kwabafazi - umthombo wabo bonke ubudenge kunye ne-nerazumia emhlabeni" ayibonakali ngokupheleleyo imbumbulu yakhe. Ke, isithandi-sobulumko sikwazile ukutyelela lalethu samadoda, kunye nababhinqileyo, kunye nentliziyo yentliziyo. Kwangelo xesha, uthando lwakhe kuphela yayinguLulome. Akukho lwazi malunga nolwalamano lwezithandi zobulumko nabanye abantu basetyhini.

Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, i-biography yesithandi-sobulumko isondele kakhulu kudadewabo uElizabhete, owayemkhathalele umntakwabo kwaye wamnceda. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthe ngcembe isifo saqala kolu lwalamano. UElizabhete uNitzsche waba nguBernard varter, enye yeembono zentshukumo ye-anti-semitic. Uye wemka nomyeni wakhe eParaguay, apho abaxhasi bale ntshukumo benzelwe ukwenza i-colony yaseJamani. Ngenxa yobunzima bemali, kwakamsinyane kwakamsinyane, kwaye umhlolokazi wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe.

UNietzsche khange abelane noodade abalwa iSemitic kwaye bamgxeka ngenxa yesikhundla eso. Ulwalamano phakathi komzalwana kunye nodade lwaphuculwa kuphela ngokuphela kobomi bale yokugqibela, xa yena, wasikelela izifo, efuna uncedo kunye nokukhathalela. Ngenxa yoko, uElizabhete wakwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi yomntakwabo. Uthumele imisebenzi yeNietzsche ukuba ipapashwe kuphela emva kokwenza iimpendulo zabo, ngenxa yoko amanye amalungiselelo eemfundiso zesithandi-sobulumko agqwethekileyo.

Ngo-1930, uElizabeth Ferster-nietzsche uxhasa urhulumente wamaNazi kwaye wafumana i-higler ukuba ibe yindwendwe elinobuxoki lwe-Nietzsche yogcino lweMyuziyam, awayenzayo. Inkokeli yentshukumo yobufazi yayikholiswa lutyelelo kwaye yamisela udade wepension yefilosofi. Esi sizathu sokuba iNietzsche ihlala inxulunyaniswa neengqondo zengqondo ngethambo le-Fascist.

Ukufa

Isithandi-sobulumko sasihlala singenakuqondakala abantu abasondeleyo bobabini kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Imvakalelo yakhe yaqalisa ukuthandwa kuphela ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1880, kwaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 umsebenzi wakhe waguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi zehlabathi. Ngo-1889, umsebenzi wokuyila waseFriedrich Nietzsche uphele ngenxa yetrobity yesizathu.

Kukho uluvo lokuba isithandi-sobulumko sothukile ihashe elibetha imeko. Oku kubanjwa kwaye kwabangela ukugula ngengqondo. Umbhali uchithe iinyanga zokugqibela zobomi bakhe kwisibhedlele se-baseschic. Emva kwexesha elithile, umama osele ekhulile wamsa endlwini yomzali, kodwa wabhubha kamsinya, ngenxa yoko isithandi-sobulumko sasifumana i-appolexy.

UNietzsche wasweleka nge-25 ka-Agasti, 1900.

I-Bibliography

• "Ukuzalwa kwentlekele, okanye ukusukela kunye ne-pessimism"
• "Ukubonakaliswa Kweendaba '
• "Umntu, angabantu. Incwadi yeengqondo zasimahla »
• "Ukusa kwangoko, okanye iingcinga malunga nocalucalulo ngokuziphatha"
• "ISAYENSI YOBUCHULE"
• "Ke kaloku wathetha ka-Zarathustra. INCWADANA YONKE NABO BONKE "
• "Kwelinye icala lokulungileyo nokubi. Phambili kwefilosofi yekamva "
• "Kumlibo wokuziphatha. I-Polemical iyonke
• "I-Cassis Wagner"
• "Ukuhamba ngeentlobo, okanye njengefilosophy hammer"
• "Umchasi-Kristu. Printa UbuKristu "
• Msgstr "" "I-ECCE Homo. Zingaba njani?
• "Ngaba Uya Kujamelana"