Biography
Umrhanekazi omkhulu kunye nombulala, ophantsi kwemeko embi kangaka kwaye ebandakanyeka kwisiphithiphithi sexesha elinengxaki. Kwangelo xesha, iminyaka esi-7 yolawulo luka-Goristohemov, iRussia iye yaqinisa impembelelo yokubopha kwayo, kodwa iingxabano zangaphakathi zikhupha ukhwela etroneni yentlekele.
UBoris wazalwa ngo-1552 kwintsapho yomhlaba, eyayihlala kufutshane nesixeko saseVoyatma. Unyango luka-Gutunov luye lwazinza i-Tatarin Chet-Murze, eyayibone eRussia ngexesha lolawulo lukaIvan Kalita. Ookhokho bakaBoris - i-Kostroma boyars, ekuhambeni kwexesha babe ngabanini beendawo zeVyazene.
Njengomntu wasephondo, umfana lowo wayefundisiwe, kodwa wayengaziqhekiki neSibhalo Engcwele. Ukufundisisa kweencwadi zecawa kwathathwa njengento ebalulekileyo yokufunda, ngenxa yoko izithuba kule ndawo azivunyelwanga. Abantu bexesha elidlulileyo babiza inkosi yexesha elizayo kunye ne-trampt encinci efundileyo nembi. Ukubhala ngesandla ngolwazi lokufunda nokubhala kunye ne-calligraphic ngaphambili akubhalwanga.
Sondela kwiRoyal Resoue
Ngo-1565, ivan Grozny ilwa namandla angafakwanga, kwaye ngale nto iqhubela emhlabeni nase-Oprichnin. Le yokugqibela yenza eyakhe ingcinga, inkonzo kunye nomkhosi. Ubunini be-tunov bekwicala lemihlaba yasezidolophini, kunye ne-DMIMMY IVAOVICH (Umalume we-BIDROP BORIS) ebhaliswe kwindawo yasemkhosini. Ngenxa ye-pitocobalir boy, inyuke ilizwe. Ukubuxabisa ukubuxabisa kakhulu i-DIMMMY kwaye yazisa eyadini, inika ifani.
Emva kokusweleka kwabazali, irina noBoris therinov, umalume wabakhathalela abantwana. Iindinyana ezingapheliyo azizange zikhethe imfundo epheleleyo yembewu yenzala, ke i-DMITHY ichetyi inkedama eziqhotyoshelweyo kwiKremlin, yavumelana ne-autocrat. Abantwana bakhula banelisekile ngokupheleleyo nendlalifa yasebukhosini. U-Ivan Grozny wamthanda ukuthetha nomntu omncinci waza wayalela ukuba ubhale iingcinga zakhe zobulumko.
Umfana utsale amandla kunye netyala lenkundla, kodwa ukuthuthunjiswa kwamangaliswa, nto leyo eyoyikisayo kubavukeli. Ngelixa kulungiswa ngurhulumente, ngokunyanzelekileyo ukuba babone ukubulawa kunye nokuntyhuzwa kwe-OP. Inkwenkwe ngokukhawuleza ive ive ivele kangangokuba akazukusinda kwiyadi enegazi, ukuba akuthandi ukulawula ububele kunye neemvakalelo. Ukunyanzelwa ukuba kuthathwe gadalala ezandleni zompu kwaye "ukonwabisa" kunye ne-ochrichniki.
Kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala yathatha indawo yokuhlala esidlangalaleni. Yangaphambili yenziwe, ibeka ukubalwa. Ngoku ke kwityala lenkonzo, umfana uba limehlo neendlebe zokumkani, iintloko uqoqosho lweKremlin kunye nogada. Iintloko kunye nezintlu zobugqwirha-ngoku i-Nations yeNaris yaseBoris, ekunyanzelekileyo ukuba ilwe.
Inkundla ekrelekrele itsala i-Mamather eManyani kwiSkuratov, ngubani owoyikayo ubomi kwaye wakhangela amantshontsho athembekileyo. UMancuta wanika umfazi ka-themusuna intombi encinci yaseMariya, kwaye vasily Shui-ubudala.
Ngo-1571, iNkundla eNtsha iphosa uNyana wohlobo olubi - evdokiya sabhuhu. Umolokazana akawuthandi umthengisi otyhola le ntombazana ngokungahloneliyo waza wagxothwa kwimonki. UBoris wafunda ukuba i-scarm yenkanuko yenziwa bubuhle kwaye ingene emva kokusilela kwetyala. U -totouno wababelane ngoluvo lwakhe nomhlobo wakhe, owawuxela kwangoko ulwazi kukumkani.
Umsebenzi wamaBhaptizi uyawonga. Ngoku inkangeleko iya kunika imiyalelo yalo nawuphi na umzuzu. Ukusuka kwi-Trururenka, indoda yahlangula udade oshushu othandekayo irina, ophembelela uFerdo on (Tsarsky) ukusombulula umba ngoxolelo. Intombazana yayidume ngengqondo, ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala kunye nobuhle. I-irina enomtsalane i-Irina ithande iFyocor ukususela ebuntwaneni, kodwa ayizange inikele ingqalelo kwintendelezo yokuthetha itotas.
Ubuhle bathande ukufunda, ngolonwabo wafunda ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala kwaye wabonisa amagqwetha kwimathematics. Xa ingozi eyoyikekayo yayixhonywe kumntakwabo, uIrina wakhawuleza ukuya kuMntapha wasebukhosini ngendyebo, kwaye wamenza uYise ukuba asiphelise usapho lukaThixo. Ngombulelo kule ntombazana kufuneka itshate ngohloboyiko, iBoris, isihloko seGoyarin.
Phantsi kolawulo lweFedora
Ngo-1581, ukumkani ebumcweyo wesikhuhlazeli ubulala unyana wakhe uIvan. I-Fedor IoANnovich iba ngumfaki-sicelo kwitrone. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, i-Grozny iyafa ukufa okoyikekayo, igazi lakhe igazi. Abantu bagqobhoza ukuba imoto ibanjwe ligazi elichithwe ngokungafanelekanga. Umlawuli omtsha uba yindlalifa kuphela.
UFerr wayediniwe ukubamba i-Apple eDild, echaza amandla kwaye wanika isisifu sikaThixo. Ezi ziganeko, ngokutsho kwabaphathi, ziyimbali. Ibhunga lokuhlambela liyelwe ngokungxamisekileyo kwiKremlin, equka i-YURIGEV, Belsky, Mstislavsky, Shukusky no-the thewov. Abafunayo baqonda ukuba lo kumkani akakwazi ukulawula ilizwe, kwaye umzabalazo odumileyo uqalisa kwintendelezo.
I-folk i-prokk iguqukele ekubeni ibe yinzuzo, etyhola iinkonzo zokubulawa, inkungu kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngaphezulu kwezifundo. Yayekade ithandwayo yathunyelwa ekuthinjweni. Emva koko, umzabalazo omkhulu wokuchasana neentsapho ze-boyars zalandelwa, ezazingayi kwabelana ngamandla "ngonxweme olude." I-Boyar Forces, kunye neBorigues Inrigues kunye nobuqili.
Ukusondela kubachasi, uKumkani wexesha elizayo wagqiba kwelokuba awuphelise umngeni wokugqibela kwitrone. Into eyoyikisayo yahlala enye inzala - i-Tsarevich Dimmy, ebhekisa kumanina eGollich. Umntwana wasweleka ngo-1591, wakhubeka esinqeni ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwesathuko. IKhomishini eYodwa ayifumananga imikhondo yolwaphulo-mthetho ekufeni kukaTsarevich. UShirin Tsar wayengatyholwa ngokubulala i-DMITY, kuba ubungqina obucacileyo bufunyenwe, kuphela bubungqina bangangathanga.
Ngalo mzuzu webhayiloji ivakalise ngokumangalisayo ityhunga kwiNtlelelo "UBhoris U-Gounov" umbophelelo:
"Kwaye yonke into inesikizi, kwaye intloko iyajikeleza,Kwaye amakhwenkwe amagazi emehlweni ...
Kwaye ndiyavuya ukubaleka, kodwa akukho ndawo ... yoyikeka!
Ewe, ububele busisazela kongahlambulukanga.
Ngo-1869, umqambi we-mustssergsky, uchukunyiswe ngumbongo, wabhala igama elifanayo legama elinye, elibonisa ngokweenkcukacha ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu nomlawuli.
Utshintsho
I-Trarkety inomdla kunye nezopolitiko ezinobuchule iminyaka eli-13 yemithetho yelizwe, ezifihlayo emva kwegama Fyodor John. Ngeli xesha, izixeko, ezona nqaba zinamandla kakhulu, zamiswa iitempile zaseRussia. Abakhi beetalente kunye nabayili bezemali babalaseze imali kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo. IMoscow yadala ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okuqala abizwa ngokuba yiKremlin. Ngo-1596, udonga olunqabileyo lwenqaba, olukhusela imida yasentshona yeRussia, iya kwakhiwa ngo-1596 ngommiselo.
I-Fyodor Toriliev Boris iphathise ukwakhiwa kodonga lwangaphandle, isixeko esimhlophe. Abaphambukeli abatyelele uMoscow babhala kwiidayari ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba bathathe isixeko ngoku. I-Arriven Khaz Kaha-Girey iqinisekisa kuphela uluvo lwamayeza, njengoko kwakusoyika ukulungisa iindonga zenqaba. Kule mjikelezo wasebukhosini, isihloko esithi "Tsaresv", esathathwa njengeyisihloko.
Enkosi ku-Gounov ngo-1595, isivumelwano sasayinwa sithunyelwe kwimfazwe yaseRussia, eyayiphumelele kwimfazwe yaseSussia, eyathabatha iminyaka emi-3. Phantsi kobunkokeli obuthathaka, imigaqo-nkqubo kaRusi yafudukela eKorela, iVAOngoOD, YAM, Kopogory. Kwangelo xesha, kwasekwa uShrinalyy, eyayivumela i-Orthodox ye-Orthodox ukuba imsheke kwi-Byzantine Yoriarchate.
Misela igama lokukhangela ababalekayo ababalekayo. Ngoku amahashe ayefunwa kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5, kwaye emva kokubhengezwa inkululeko. Ndakhulula abanini beerhafu kubanini, abaphathwa ngepalashnye ngokobuqu, ngaphandle kokuqesha abasebenzi abaqesha abasebenzi.
Ulawulo
NgoJanuwari 1598 iphawulwe kukusweleka kwelokugqibela ukusuka eRurikovich - uFedor. Urhulumente wethutyana umiselwe ngumhlolokazi onguMongami - i-Irina. Akukho ziindlalifa ngqo zetrone, Injalo indlela eya ebukumkanini ngenxa yobukumkani ikhululekile. Ikati yaseZesky ebiyibizeneyo ngenxa yokuba inyuse umphathi. Indima ebalulekileyo yayidlalwa yinto yokuba umkhohla oswelekileyo wathathwa njengento engeyiyo, kwaye kuphela uBoris olawulwa nguRhulumente.
Xa wayegqibile itrone, indoda iyaqonda ukuba umnqwazi weMoramicha ngumthwalo onzima. Ukuba iminyaka emithathu yokuqala yolawulo ivela ekuphumeni kweRussia, emva koko imisitho elandelayo incitshisiwe ngaphandle kwempumelelo. Ngo-1599, wazama ukubaleka e-rapporocheate entshona, eqonda ukuba abantu baseRussia bangena kwimfundo nakumayeza. Abaphathi bommiselo wasebukhosini bafumana phesheya kweenkosi noogqirha, kunye ne-Priste nganye ithetha ngokobuqu.
Kunyaka kamva, uMlawuli wagqiba kwelokuba avule iZiko leMfundo ePhakamileyo eMoscow, apho ootitshala bezinyezi baya kusebenza khona. Ukuqulunqa iprojekthi, ayibandakanyi abantu abancinci abancinci eFrance, eNgilani, i-Austria, ukuze abo baye bafumana amava ekufundiseni.
Ngo-1601, indlala yobunzima iqengqela eRussia, njengoko ii-murbs kunye namanzi okuqala achaphazelekayo. Ummiselo wasebukhosini unciphise irhafu ukunceda umxholo. UBoris wathabatha amanyathelo okusindisa indlala, asasaze imali kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo kunye neGrain. Amaxabiso esonka aphakama amaxesha alikhulu, kodwa ii-autocract azingohlwayiki. Ubuncwane kunye noovimba babengenanto ngokukhawuleza.
Abalingane babondliwe ngeSwan, izinja, iikati. Izehlo ze-cannibalism zanda. Izitalato zaseMoscow zazizaliswe zizidumbu ezaziphoswa kwi-Sciences (amangcwaba aqhelekileyo). U -totou-gouuno, wabhenela ebantwini ngesicelo sokugcina uxolo lwengqondo. Abantu abaninzi bavuselela isibongozo esinjalo, abalimi babaleka le nkqubo ngobuthathaka besizathu.
127,000 Abantu babulawa yindlala. Amarhe aqalise ukuba uThixo uthumela iKara ukuya kwi-rusprol engekho mthethweni. Ukudibana kwe-peasment kuphakama kwi-riot riot nge-cotton. Iintshaba zabavukeli phantsi kweendonga zasedolophini zaphula umkhosi. Emva koko, le meko ayizinzanga, kuba yayibonakala ihenyukazi ukuba i-Tsarevich Dmittra iphila.
I-lhadmitry
U-Boris U-Gounov uyaqonda ukuba isikhundla se-fitmimeni somelele ngakumbi kuneso sakho, kuba abantu baqonda uNyana unyana kaIvan Groznyny. Abantu abathembekileyo baqokelele kwaye banike inkosi yezibakala eziphantsi kwendlela i-Tsarevich ifihla ubuntu obungathandekiyo obungathandekiyo - uluhlu lwemonki freakyev. Abantu baseRussia babekholelwa ukuba indlalifa yokwenene, eya kuthisile kwindlala kwaye ibanda.
Izibonda zibalaseze imali yokuqokelelwa komkhosi we-freekyev, owayelungiselela ukuya kwitrone. AmaRussia ayexhaswe ngabantu baseRussia, kwanomkhosi wezinto ezidlula phantsi kweebhanile zomkhombo. I-Marauders kunye neqela lemigulukudu aliphumelelanga, kwaye uGregory-Drimry wabalekela kwi-sepivl. Ezi ndaba zonwabile ngu-totounov, owayengayikhathazeki inkohliso yenkundla kunye nemikhosi.
Ubomi Buqu
UMaria Soscarava waba ngumfazi wakhe wokumkani wokuqala okhankanyiweyo. Malunga nentombazana enezibakala ezincinci ezigciniweyo. Kodwa abo baziwa, bamele uMaria ekuKhanyeni okuqaqambileyo. Unyana, ubuhle bungafihlelayo buba liqabane elithembekileyo lendoda yakhe. Kwiminyaka eli-10 yokuphila kunye, isibini sasingazalwanga sinomntwana omnye, kwaye oogqirha basidilizwa ngezandla zabo, bebhekisa kwindlala yomntu obhinqileyo.
Iqabane elinqwenelekayo lakhutshwa eNgilani kwagqirha ophakamileyo okwazile ukulungisa impilo yentombazana. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, abantwana ababini bavela kwintsapho-unyana kaFerdo nentombi kaKsenia. U-themov yuital ixesha lakhe lesimahla kwisangqa sosapho kwaye wathi wayephumle ngokupheleleyo phambi kwabantu esibathandayo. Ikamva lendlu yakhe, umlawuli wabona abantwana bakhe, ke bobabini banika imfundo yokwenene.
Inkwenkwe ukusukela ebuntwaneni yayilungiselelwe itrone kwaye yafundisa ootitshala baseYurophu naseMoscow. UKarazin wathi uFerr "yiziqhamo zokuqala zemfundo yaseYurophu eRussia." I-Ansossador Jerome Gorsway echazwe kwiidayari ezixhaswayo kusapho lwesikhongozelo, nto leyo eyayijongwa njengomoya eRussia.
Ukufa
U-Boris tunouso tunos ixesha elide wabandezeleka kwi-Urolithiiasis kunye ne-mgraines ezomeleleyo. Ekupheleni kobomi, wayeka ukuthembana i-retinue kunye ne-boyars, ebona iintshaba kuyo yonke indawo ngaphandle kosapho. Unyana ugcinwe kuye ngokungagungqiyo, ephazamisa ikamva.
Ngo-Epreli 13, 1605, ukumkani wathatha abathunywa besiNgesi xa i-approplexy yenzeka kuye. Ukusuka kwimpumlo kwaye iindlebe zamadoda zazigalela igazi, kwaye ugqirha wenkundla wasibamba kuphela izandla zakhe, engakwazi ukunceda.
Abafazi babemi ebhedini yokufa, babuza unyana wakhe. UKenar wathi: "Njengokuba uthanda uThixo nabantu." Emva koko, ndaphelelwa sisipho sentetho ndasweleka. Ingweler inyulwe iFyodor, ulawulo lwenyanga enesiqingatha. Xa wayefunda ngokusweleka kukaMongami, eMoscow ngomkhosi wangena eLitmitriy phantsi kwesishwankathelo sesihlwele sesihlwele.
Ngemini enye, ngolungelelwano, iGolitsyn, uSagittari wasuswa ngosapho lukaThixo, ehamba ephila kuphela nge-ksenia, eyatshiswa. Intombazana eguqukayo iba lishweshwe leFallitra, elalisilele, landisa ubuhle bakhe ukuya kwimonki.
U-the the thewov watshisa eKerathangesk Cat'estral, kodwa ngexesha lokukhupha ibhokisi yakhutshwa, yabekwa kwi-monastery ye-Wsegone. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uValely Shuisky wayalela ukuba abo bavuselela usapho lukaThixo kuBathathu Emnye-seSergius Lavra.
Kwibhayiloji yomlawuli onengqondo kukho i-riddle, engasonjululwa ngabantu abatyholwa. Emva kokusweleka kuka-themunuv ngokungaqondakaliyo intloko ye-autocrat. Ayicaciswanga ukuba ngexesha lokungcwaba olwahlulwe ngumzimba. Kwafunyaniswa ngenxa ye-anthropologist gerasimov, ngubani owavula i-irypt kunye namasinga okubuyisela imbonakalo yomfi.