Biography
Abantu beminyaka bazama ukufumana iimpendulo malunga nobume bendalo, bajonga iinkwenkwezi ezingaqondakaliyo kwaye ziphupha nge-cosmos eyoyisayo. UKonstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky wazisa ubuntu kulowo woyisa i-airpace.
Izenzo zakhe zasebenza njengenkuthazo yokudala imijukuba elinamandla, iinqwelomoya kunye nezikhululo ze-orbital. Iimbono eziqhubayo nezinobuchule bokuqonda zihlala zingangqinelani nezimvo zoluntu, kodwa inzululwazi ayizange inikezele. Izifundo ze-innenes zeTsiolkovsky Inzululwazi yaseRussia kuluntu lwehlabathi.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ekwindla ye-1857, inkwenkwe yazalelwa kwi-tsiolkovsky yosapho. Abazali bomntwana babehlala kwilali yaseIzvsk Ryazan. UKonstantin wabizwa ngokuba nguMbingeleli xa ubhaptizo. I-Eduary Ignatievich (utata) wayethathwa njengongumntakwethu ohlwempuzekileyo, iingcambu zayo ziye ePoland. UMaria Yumashev (umama) - i-TYATA ngemvelaphi, wafundiswa kwi-Gymnasium, ngenxa yoko wayenokuzizisa ngeDiploma.
Umama wafundisa unyana wakhe unyana wakhe kunye nokufunda. Ileta yeConstantine iba "yintsomi" ye-Aanaswev. Kule ncwadi, inkwenkwe ekrelekrele isoyizela iileta zibe zizilabhasi kunye namagama. Ukuba nenxaxheba indlela yokufunda, umntwana ofumanabuzo wadibana neencwadi ezininzi ezazisezibukho endlwini. Abazalwana noodade abaphezulu Tsiolkovsky bagqala umntwana kumfana onoFraine naseDuman kwaye engathandanga kumamela "ibhedi yabantwana". Ke ngoko, iKotayi yaxelela eyakhe ibonakalise ukuba ibe nomzalwana omncinci.
Kwiminyaka eli-9 ubudala, umntwana ungumboniso wosulelo. Isifo esibuhlungu sinike ingqokelela yamahemuhemu. Ukutya okuphephekayo ku-Konstantin Uninzi lweempembelelo zabantwana, kodwa akazange anikezele kwaye athatyathwa ngobuchule. Ukusika kunye nokugcoba ubugcisa obuvela kwikhadibhodi kunye neenkuni. Ukusuka phantsi kwezandla zomntwana onesiphiwo, i-sogiegs iphuma, ibukele, izindlu kunye nezitshixo ezincinci. Ndenze inqamle inqatha elalihamba ngomoya, ngenxa yentwasahlobo kunye negaya.
Ngo-1868, intsapho inyanzelwa ukuba ifudukele kwiPhondo leKirov Vyatka, njengoko uBawo waphulukana nomsebenzi waza waya kubantakwabo. Izihlobo zamnceda umntu onomsebenzi, aqhotyoshelwe amahlathi. I-Tsiolkovsky ifumene indlu yomthengisi - ubunini beShuhavin. Kunyaka kamva, okwishumi elivisayo kunye nomntakwabo bangena kumadoda athi "I-vyatka gyynasium" Ootitshala baphelelwa bube yimpahla engqongqo nentsomi. Isifundo sinikezwe yi-konsstantin nzima.
Ngo-1869, umntakwabo odala uswelekile, owayefunda kwisikolo saselwandle. Umama, ngaphandle kokusinda ekuphulukaneni nomntwana, ngonyaka wasweleka. UKesta, umama othandekayo oshushu, iziqwenga zokuzila. Amaxesha obubi bebhayoloji achaphazele kakubi umfundi wenkwenkwe, engakhanyisi ngamanqaku ngaphambili. Iklasi yeBanga 2 ngenxa yokungafaneleki ishiyelwe unyaka wesibini, kwaye oontanga bahlekele ngaphezulu kwento engaphandle.
Kwiklasi ye-3 yeeklasi ezivuyiweyo zagxothwa. Emva koko, iTsiolkovsky kwanyanzeleka ukuba ibandakanyeke kwimfundo. Ukuba sekhaya, umntwana okwishumi elivisayo wothuka waza waqala ukufunda okuninzi. Iincwadi zanika ulwazi olufunekayo kwaye zange baphinde bamhlangazelwa le ndoda, ngokungafaniyo nootitshala. Kwithala leencwadi labazali, uKonstantin wafumana isebenza ngezazinzulu ezidumileyo kunye nokufunda okugqithisileyo.
Kwiminyaka eli-14, inkwenkwe enesiphiwo ikhula izakhono zayo zobunjineli. Ngokuzingisayo kudala i-lathe ekhaya, ngoncedo lwalo lwezinto ezingekho phantsi kwemigangatho: I-Stroller eshukumayo, i-Windmill, i-Woodmill, i-astrolabe. Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo kugxilwe kuyo i-Constantine kwindalo "yemilingo" kunye neebhokisi, ukuba izinto "zanyamalala" ngendlela engaqondakaliyo.
Izifundo
Utata, wangenisanga iihlolo, wakholelwa kwitalente yoNyana wakhe. I-Eduary Ignatievievich ithumela italente yoMntwana eMoscow, apho ebefanele ukuba angenise isikolo sobugcisa. Kwacetywa ukuphila nomhlobo katata obhale ileta. Ngokusika, uKonstantin waphosa iphepha kunye nedilesi, ekhumbula kuphela igama lesitrato. Ukufika kweNdawo yaseJamani (iBaumansky), yasusa igumbi kwaye iqhubela phambili ngokwakho.
Ngenxa yokugxothwa kwendalo, lo mfana akagqibanga kungena, kodwa wasala esixekweni. Utata wathumela umntwana oyi-ruble i-ruble inyanga, kodwa le mali yayingagungqi.
Lo mfana wasindisa isidlo, njengoko wayechithe imali kwincwadi kunye neRegentnt. Ukusuka kwiidayari Kuyaziwa ukuba ndikwazile ukuhlala kwi-90 koperks ngenyanga, nditya kuphela isonka kunye namanzi.
Yonke imihla ukusuka nge-10: 00 ukuya kwi-16: 00 ihlala kwilayibrari yeCherttovskaya, apho kufunda imathematics, ifizisi, uncwadi, chemistry. Apha uKnstantin eqhelene noMsunguli we-Sosmism yaseRussia - iFedorov. Ngencoko nomntu ocinga, lo mfana wafumana ulwazi ngaphezu kokuba abafundi bafunda oonjingalwazi nootitshala. Iminyaka emithathu yayifuna italente eselula ukwenzela ukuba ifumane ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yendawo yokuzivocavoca.
Ngo-1876, utata waseTsiolkovsky wagula kakhulu kwaye wenza unyana wakhe ekhaya. Ukubuyela kwi-kirov, lo mfana wafumana iklasi yabafundi. Bakha ubuchule bayo bokufundisa, abancede abantwana bafumane ngokupheleleyo izinto ezibonakalayo. Isifundo ngasinye sibonisa ukuzibona, nto leyo eququzelela ukudityaniswa kwesifundwayo.
Ekupheleni konyaka uIgnat wasweleka-umntakwabo omncinci kaConstantine. Le ndoda yayinembono enzima yezi ncwadi, ekubeni ukusukela ebuntwaneni wayeyithanda i-Ignat kwaye wathembela kwiimfihlo zangaphakathi. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, usapho lwabuyela eRyazan, lucwangcisela ukuthenga ikhaya lengeniso. Okwangoku, kukho ingxabano phakathi kukaYise nonyana wakhe, kwaye utitshala oselula ushiya usapho. Imali efunyenwe ngokufundisa ise-vyatka, isusa igumbi kwaye ikhangela abafundi abatsha.
Ukuqinisekisa amabanga emfundo, indoda inika iimviwo kwi-genesnium yokuqala yendawo yokuzivocavoca. Ukufumene isatifikethi, ukuhanjiswa kuthunyelwa eBorovsk, ukuya kwindawo yeNkonzo kaRhulumente.
Impumelelo yesayensi
I-themist incinci i-themiorist mihla le zitsalwa yimizobo kunye neenqobo ezicwangcisiweyo. Izindlu zihlala zivavanya, ngenxa yoko i-dunde egudileyo irhabaxa amagumbi, ukukhanya kwemibane encinci kuyakhanya, kwaye amadoda amadoda adanisa.
Ibhunga lesayensi "rfo" lagqiba kwelokuba liquka i-tsiollkovsky kwinqanaba lezenzululwazi. Abasebenzi bekomiti bayaqonda ukuba uCenius ozifundisayo uza kwenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwisayensi.
E kaluga, indoda yabhala i-astronautics, amayeza, i-cosmic biology. I-Konstantin Tsiolkovsky ayiziwa kuphela kwimveliso, kodwa kunye nokubonisa okumangalisayo kwisithuba. Ifilosofi yakhe "yandise imida yendawo ephilayo kwaye yavula indlela eya ezulwini phambi komntu. Umsebenzi oqaqambileyo wendalo "uya kungqineka eluntwini kangangokuba iinkwenkwezi zisondele kakhulu kunokuba zibonakala ngathi.
Uluhlu lweenzululwazi zeSayensi
- Ngo-1886 waqulunqa ibhaluni, egxile kwimizobo yakhe.
- Kwiminyaka emi-3, umyeni wesayensi usebenza kwizimvo ezinxulumene nemfundo yeRoke. Ukuzama ukusebenzela i-arripright yentsimbi.
- Imizobo yeMathematics kunye nokubala kuqinisekisa ithiyori ekuvumeni ukumiselwa kwentsimbi ukuya kwindawo.
- Iphuhlise iimodeli zokuqala zemijukujelo eqala ngenqwelomoya. Imizobo yonjingalwazi yayisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa ufakelo lwe-artillery "katyyusha".
- Yakhela umbhobho we-aerodynamic.
- Yile i-injini ngetreyini ye-turbine yegesi.
- Yenza umzobo we-monograph kwaye udibanise umbono wenqwelomoya kabini.
- Ifakwe iskimu sikaloliwe esiqhubela phambili kwi-sushion yomoya.
- Ifake i-chassis esuka kwi-cavity esezantsi yenqwelomoya.
- Uphanda iindidi zepeyinti yamarokethi, ephakamisa umxube we-hydrogen neoksijini.
- Ithunyelwe yincwadi yesayensi kunye ne-fantasy "ngaphandle komhlaba", apho wathetha khona ngohambo lwabantu olumangalisayo ukuya enyangeni.
Ubomi Buqu
Umtshato waseTsiolkovsky wenzeka ngehlobo le-1880. Ukutshata ngaphandle kothando, bendilindele ukuba umtshato ofanayo awunakuphazamisa umsebenzi. Umfazi wayeyintombi yomfundisi womhlolokazi. UBarbara noKonstantin bahlala emtshatweni kangangeminyaka engama-30 kwaye bavelisa abantwana aba-7. Abantwana abahlanu basweleka kwasebusaneni, kwaye ababini abaseleyo babulawa ngabantu abadala. Bobabini abanye bababulala.
I-Biography Konstantin Eduardovich Pestricheges. Inzululwazi isukela ukusweleka kwezihlobo, imililo nemikhukula. Ngo-1887, Tsiollkovsky ndlu itshisiwe. Emlilweni wafa imibhalo yesango, imizobo kunye neemodeli. I-1908 ayinalusizi. Ngaphezulu kwezindlu ezivela kunxweme lwaseKa ezabela indawo yokuhlala yonjingalwazi, otshabalalisa izikimu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemoto.
Impumelelo yesayensi ye-genius ayizange ibuqonde abasebenzi beAfisi yeZiko loMazantsi. Ukubulawa kwabantu abalambileyo waseTsiolokavsky wasindisa uluntu lwabathandi beenkqubo zehlabathi, bemmisela ipenshoni. Abasemagunyeni bakhumbula ubukho bomntu onetalente kuphela ngo-1923, xa imeko ye-physics yaseJamani kwiinqwelomoya ze-cosmic ezipapashwe kumaphephandaba. Urhulumente wamisela ubuhlakani baseRussia kwi-genius yaseRussia.
Ukufa
Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1935, oogqirha bafunyaniswa banonjingalwazi wesisu. Emva kokuba efunde isifo, le ndoda yenza iTestamente, kodwa yala ukuya esibhedleleni. Ndiphelelwe ziintlungu ngokusisigxina ekuweni kuvunyelwene nokusebenza.
Oogqirha basusa i-tumar, kodwa abakwazi ukuyeka ukwahlulwa kweeseli zomhlaza. Ngosuku olulandelayo, isibhedlele sahanjiswa kwi-telegraph evela eStalin, ngubani onqwenela ukuphiliswa ngokukhawuleza.
Inzululwazi enkulu yafa ekwindla yalo nyaka.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Umlilo umlilo emva kwe-briclet
- Isiqu seminyaka emi-3 wafunda nenkqubo yeYunivesithi,
- Eyaziwa njengetitshala ebalaseleyo kunye nentandokazi yabantwana,
- Ithathelwe ingqalelo umntu ongakholelwa kuTixo
- Kwakhiwa, kwakhiwa imyuziyam, apho iifoto kunye nezinto zasekhaya zenzululwazi ziposelwe
- Iphupha ngehlabathi elifanelekileyo apho kungekho lulwaphulo-mthetho,
- Inikelwe ukusasaza ababulali kwiiathom,
- Bala ubude bendiza yelitye lezinto ezininzi.
Iikowuti
- "Kufuneka siyishiyile yonke imithetho yokuziphatha kunye nomthetho basichukumisayo ukuba bazonakalisa ezona njongo ziphezulu. Ekuphela kwayo kwaye yonke into iluncedo- lo mthetho uphambili wemilinganiselo yokuziphatha entsha. "
- "Nangona kunjalo, asazi ukuba kufuneka sifune phi. Ukuba ixesha likhona kwindalo, ayikavulwa. "
- "I-rocket yam yindlela kuphela, kuphela indlela yokungena enzonzobileni yendawo, kodwa ayiyonto ingayiyo kuphela ... iya kuba yindlela eyahlukileyo yendawo enzulu, ndiza kuyamkela . Isiphelo sonke sifudukela kwelinye ilizwe kwaye sihlala kwindawo yokuhlala. "
- "UBuntu abuyi kuhlala buhleli emhlabeni, kodwa bafuna ukukhanya nendawo, kuqala bangene kuqala kwimida yomoya, emva koko baphumelele yonke indawo engenayo."
- "Akukho Mdali kaThixo, kodwa ke kukho indawo, evelisa ilanga, iiplanethi kunye nezidalwa eziphilayo: Kodwa akukho thixo uSomandla: kodwa kukho indalo enjalo, kodwa kukho indalo ephosakeleyo, nabemi basezulwini."
- "Ayinakwenzeka namhlanje iya kubakho ngomso."
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1886 - I-Aerostat ithiyori
- I-1890-kumbuzo wokubhabha ngamaphiko
- I-1903 - Isiseko seNdalo
- Ngo-1913 - Ukuqaqambisa umntu ovela kuBukumkani bezilwanyana
- Ngo-1916 - Iimeko zokuphila kwelinye ilizwe
- Ngo-1920-Impembelelo yobuqhetseba ohlukileyo
- Ngo-1921 - I-Cayistrophes yeHlabathi
- Ngo-1923 - Ixabiso leSayensi yeZinto
- Ngo-1926-I-heater elula yelanga
- Ngo-1927 -imodeli zobomi bebhayoloji kwindalo iphela
- Ngo-1928 - Ukugqibelela kwendalo
- Ngo-1930-I-Airrighship Axirs
- Ngo-1931 -Ukuphindwa kwe-phenomena yekhemikhali
- 1932 - Ngaba injini yesaphindo inokwenzeka?