Biography
U-Ludwig Venhoven ngumkhangeli odumileyo owaziwayo odale imisebenzi engama-650 yemiculo eyamkelweyo njengobutyebi behlabathi kwihlabathi. Ubomi bomculo onetalente buphawulwa ngumlo osoloko bunzima nobunzima kunye neenkxwaleko.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Kwibusika ye-1770, uLudwig Van Beethoven wazalelwa kwikota ehlwempuzekileyo ye-bona. Ubhaptizo losana lwenzeka nge-17 kaDisemba. Utat'omkhulu noyise wenkwenkwe bahlulelene yitalente yokucula, bayasebenza kwi-chapel yenkundla. Iminyaka yabantwana, umntwana kunzima ukufota, kuba uFarank utata oqhubeka noTata oqhubeka nothando alunagalelo kuphuhliso lwetalente.
U-Ludwig ngobukrakra ukhumbula elakhe igumbi, elikwi-Attic, apho kwakudala i-harpichine kunye nebhedi yentsimbi. UJohann (utata) wayedla ngokunxila ukuze aqonde kwaye abethe iqabane lakhe, ukukhulula ububi. Ngamaxesha athile, ukubethwa kwakufuneka kunye nonyana. Umama Maria wathanda ngobumnene oyena mntwana usindayo, ecula iingoma zomntwana kunye nendlela awayenokuyifumana ngayo imihla ngemihla yeveki engekho mvulo.
Emncinci, uLudwig ubonakalisa ubuchule bomculo onguJohann ngoko nangoko. Ndinomona uzuko kunye netalente ye-amadeus mozart, igama lakhe sele litshixekile eYurophu, ndagqiba kwelokuba ndikhulise ubuhle obufanayo nomntwana wakhe. Ngoku ubomi bomntwana obuzaliswe ziiklasi zokuphelisa ukudlala ipiyano kunye ne-violin.
Utata, ekufumanisweni kukatata womfana, wenza umsebenzi ngaxeshanye kwizixhobo ezi-5 - ilungu, igatya, i-violin, i-violin, i-viol. I-Louis Louis Louis Cripl ngaphezulu kweMuizicy. Iimpazamo ezincinci zisohlwaywa nge-cice kwaye zibetha. UJohann wamenyelwa kunyana wootishala, ofunda ngabo uninzi lwenxalenye engangqinelaniyo kwaye engalunganga.
Le ndoda ifune ukuqeqesha ngokukhawuleza i-Ludwig yeKhonkco kwithemba lemirhumo. UJohann wade wacela ukwandisa imivuzo emsebenzini, ethembisa ukucwangcisa unyana onesiphiwo kwi-kapela. Kodwa intsapho ayizange iphilise kakuhle, njengoko imali yayihamba ngotywala. Kwiminyaka yobudala eseminyaka emithandathu, uLouis Dedi olwe nguBawo unika ikhonsathi eCologne. Kodwa intlawulo efunyenweyo yayincinci.
Enkosi kwiNkxaso yoMama, ubuhlakani obuncinci baqala ukuphucula imisebenzi yakhe. Ngokwemvelo wanika umntwana italente, kodwa ukukhula kwantsonkothile kwaye kubuhlungu. U-Ludwig wantywiliselwa kwiingoma zenziwe ngokwakho ngokungazi ukuba akanakuphuma kulo mhlaba.
Ngo-1782, uMlawuli weNkundla Chapel umise uMfundisi we-Gotobu, ongutitshala kaLouis. Indoda ithathela ingqalelo i-filiples yezipho eYunz kwaye yaqala indlela yakhe. Ukuqonda ukuba izakhono zomculo aziniki uphuhliso olupheleleyo, zibeka uthando kuncwadi, ifilosofi kunye neelwimi zakudala. I-Schiller, uGoethe, uShakespeare ube zizithixo ezizezona zobuncinci. I-Beethoven ibawa ixhapha i-baha kunye ne-hare, iphupha lomsebenzi odibeneyo neMozart.
Ikomkhulu lomculo eYurophu, eVienna, umfana omncinci watyelela okokuqala ngonyaka ka-1787, apho wadibana khona noWolfgang Amede. Umqambi odumileyo, akuva ukuphuculwa kweLudwig, wavuya. I-mozart yangoku:
"Musa ukwaphula amehlo ale nkwenkwe. Nje ukuba uxolo luthetha ngaye. "UBeethoven uvunyelwene nge-maestie malunga nezifundo ezininzi, ezazifanele ziphazamiseke ngenxa yesifo sikamama.
Ukubuyela eBonn kwaye wangcwatyelwa ngunina, lo mfana waphulukana nokuphelelwa lithemba. Lo mzuzu ntlungu kwi-biography uchaphazele kakubi umsebenzi wemvumi. Le ndoda inyanzelwa ukuba inyamekele abazalwana ababini abancinci kwaye bayinyamezele iintsiba zikaBawo. Lo mfana waguqukela kwiNkosana eya kwiNkosana, eyamiselwa usapho olunomdlali opheleleyo wama-200. Ukugculela abamelwane kunye nokuxhaphaza abantwana uLuddwig owenze nkqi, owathi uza kuphuma kubuhlwempu kwaye afumane imali kubunzima bakhe.
Umfana oselula onetalente wafumaneka kwi-bonn abaxhasi, abanike ukufikelela simahla kwiindibano ezinkulu zomculo kunye neeSalon. Intsapho yokuzayisa yakhathalela i-Louis, eyafundisa iculo lentombi yabo i-lorcher. Intombazana etshata uGqirha Vegeler. Kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe, utitshala waxhasa ubudlelwane obunobuhlobo kwesi sibini.
Umculo
Ngo-1792, uBeethoven waya eVienna, apho abahlobo abamahashe bakhawuleza bakufika ngokukhawuleza. Ukwenzela ukuphucula izakhono kumculo osisiseko, ndaguquka kweJosef Hayiid, eyokhutshelwe imisebenzi yam izisiwe. Ubudlelwane phakathi kweemvumi bezingahlawuliswanga kwangoko, kuba iHaidna yacaphukisa umfundi. Ke lo mfana uthatha izifundo kwiShenka nakwi-Altbrechbergsberger. Ileta yelizwi iphucula no-Antonio Salieri, owazisa umfana othile kwisangqa seemvumi ezinobuchule kunye nabantu abanesiphina.
Kunyaka kamva, uLudwig Wanghoven wenza umculo ukuba "uvuyo" obhalwe nguSchiller ngo-1785 kwi-mawodic Lodge. Kubo bonke ubomi be-maestro, i-hymn iguqula, iqalisa isandi se-triumping yokwakhiwa. Uluntu lwaluva i-symphony ebangele ulonwabo olukhathalekileyo, kuphela ngoMeyi 1824.
Kungekudala uBeeethoven waba ngumdlali wefashoni we-vein. Ngo-1795, i-bit ye-temput yoMculo oselula yenzeka kwikhabhathi. Ukudlala ezintathu zepiyano kunye noonoonyana abathathu besincoko zabo, abantu ababethandabuza abantu. Olona qhayiya lwangoku lwaphawulwa, ubutyebi bengcinga kunye nobunzulu beemvakalelo ze-louis. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, indoda iyasifumana isifo esibuhlungu - iTinnitus, esikhula kancinci, kodwa ilungile.
I-Beeethoven iminyaka eli-10 ubudala. Iindawo ezikujikelezileyo azizange ziqaphele ukuba sizizithulu zomdlali wepiyano, kwaye ukubhuka kunye neempendulo akuzange kuchazwe ekusasazeni nasekuchitheni. Ngo-1802 ubhala iTestamente eGerigen3, ebhekiswa kubazalwana. Kumsebenzi weLouis uchaza ukubandezeleka kwayo ngengqondo kunye nemincili yekamva. Le ndoda ivumayo iyalele ukubhengeza kuphela ekufeni.
Kwileta eya kugqirha, kukho umgca: "Andiyi kunikezela kwaye ndithathe isiphelo somqala!". Inja kunye nembonakalo ye-genius yavezwa kwi-therming "yesycony yesibini" kunye ne-violin emithathu. Ukuqonda ukuba kungekudala kuya kutsalwa ngokupheleleyo, ngenzondelelo kuthathwa umsebenzi. Eli xesha lithathwa njengento echumayo kubuchule bobukrelekrele.
"I-sytoral symphony" ye-1808 inamacandelo amahlanu kwaye isebenze kwindawo eyahlukileyo kubomi beNkosi. Le ndoda ithandwayo yokuphumla kwiilali ezikude, zanxibelelana nendalo kwaye icinga ubugcisa obutsha. Inxalenye yesine ye-symphony ibizwa ngokuba yi "ndudumo. Isaqhwithi, "apho inkosi idlulisela izinto ezigwenxa ezixhasayo usebenzisa ipiyano, i-trombones kunye ne-piccolo.
Ngo-1809, iCandelo loMlawuli weQela leSixeko ifumene isindululo sokubhala umculo ohamba nomculo kwidrama "ye-Gomont" goonthe. Njengophawu lokuhlonipha umsebenzi wombhali, umphathi wepiyala wala umvuzo wemali. Le ndoda yabhalisa umculo ngokuthelekisa kwi-theatrical Rehees. I-Antress Anthony Ashlony Adamger iqhubekile ngaphezulu komqambi, uyavuma ukuba ngokungabikho kwitalente yokucula. Ukuphendula ngelishwa ngelishwa lenziwe ngobuchule i-Aria. UBeethoven akazange axabise ukuhlekisa kwaye wathi:
"Ndiyabona, usenokwenza i-oredile, ndiya kuhamba ndiye kuzibhale ezi ngxube."Ukususela ngo-1813 ukuya kwi-1815, sele kukho imisebenzi embalwa, njengoko ekugqibeleni iphulukana nendlebe yakhe. Ingqondo eqaqambileyo ifumana indlela yokuphuma. I-Louis "Ukuva" umculo, usebenzisa i-wand enamanzi amdaka. Incam enye yeplate inamagqabi amazinyo, kunye nenye imboleko kwiphaneli yangaphambili yesixhobo. Kwaye enkosi ngokudlulisela intshabalalo, isandi sesixhobo siziva.
Iingoma zeli xesha lobomi zizaliswe yintlekele, ubunzulu kunye nefilosofi. Imisebenzi yengoma ebalaseleyo iba yinto ekwaluphaleni kubantu bexeshana kunye nabazukulwana.
Ubomi Buqu
Imbali yobomi bobuqu ye-piansist onesiphiwo inqabile. I-Ludwig kwisangqa sesangqa se-AristocTAl Kite yayithathwa njenge commoner, ngenxa yoko wayengenalungelo lokufaka isicelo sezinto ezintle. Ngo-1801, uJulie Guiiichchdurd wathandana noJulia. Iimvakalelo zabantu abancinci zazingafani, njengoko le ntombazana yahlangana ngaxeshanye kwaye negrafu i-vnnberg, eyayitshatile iminyaka emibini emva kokuba umntu ethandana naye emva kokwazi. Thanda iithuth 'zokulahleka kobukrakra kwi-Comment oyithandayo ezichazwe "kwiLinyana yaseLunar", eyaba yingoma yothando olungafanelekanga.
Ukususela ngo-1804 ukuya kwi-1810, iBeethoven ihambelana nothando ngoYosefu Brunswick - Umhlolokazi uthi joy. Umfazi uphendulwe ngothando ngothando kunye neeleta zesizi esithandekayo. Kodwa inoveli igqibile ukunyanzelisa i-Jichans Aphons, eziqinisekileyo ukuba iProshirotin ayiyi kuba ngummiselo omaqabane. Emva kwekhefu elibuhlungu, indoda esemgangathweni yenza isicelo seTeresa Malfatti. Ifumana ukwala kwaye ibhala i-ofisi yobugcisa ye-Owerpiece Sweatoo "kwi-ELISE".
Imincili yengqondo enamava yayicaphukisa i-beetthoven ukuba wagqiba kwelokuba achithe ubomi bakhe bonke ngekratshi. Ngo-1815, emva kokusweleka komntakwabo, kwavela ukuba kuthathwe ukubambelela kwinkululeko ehambelana nomthengisi ngomtshana. Umama womntwana ubonakaliswa ngulo umfazi oshiyekileyo, ke inkundla yanelisa iimfuno zemvumi. Kungekudala iguqukile ekubeni uKarl (umtshana) wafumana imikhwa eyingozi kamama.
Umalume uzisa inkwenkwe engqongqo, izama ukugxininisa ukuthanda umculo kunye nokuphelisa utywala kunye nokuhamba ngeholide kuxhomekeke. Ngaphandle kwabantwana bakho, indoda ayinamava kwimiyalelo kwaye ayiyi kwenza umnyhadala wamadoda amatsha. Omnye umntu onesiphene ukhokelela umntu oza kuzama ukuzibulala, ongaphumelelanga. U-Ludwig uthumela iKarl emkhosini.
Ukufa
Ngo-1826, uLouis wanelisekile kwaye wagula ngokuphelisa imiphunga. Ubuhlungu be-Gastric bangena kwi-pulmonary isifo. Ugqirha ngokufanelekileyo wabala i-dosing yeyeza, ngoko ke kwabakho ukonwaba mihla le. Iinyanga ezi-6 umntu onesifo uboshwe ebhedini. Ngeli xesha, uBeethoven watyelela abahlobo abazama ukunciphisa ukubandezeleka kokufa.
Umqambi onetalente wasweleka kwiminyaka engama-57 yobomi - ngoMatshi 26, 1827. Ngale mini, iwindows iqhiphuke indudumo, kwaye umzuzu wokufa waphawulwa ngendudumo embi. Ekuvuleni, kwavela ukuba iinkosi zazinonemimoya esibindisileyo kwaye yaziva kwaye i-nerves isondele. Kwindlela yokugqibela yeBeethoven, abantu abangama-20,000 bahambahamba, i-proxIon yomngcwabo ikhokelwa nguFranz Schubert. Imvumi ingcwatyelwe kumangcwaba okunxiba iCawe yoBathathu Emnye.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Kwiminyaka eyi-12 epapashiweyo ingqokelela yoqondakala kwizixhobo zekhibhodi.
- Kuthathelwa ingqalelo umculo wokuqala lowo kwiBhunga lesiXeko olwenza ukuba ufumane imali.
- Ithunyelwe 3 uthando lweeleta eziya "intanda engenalo" ifunyenwe kuphela emva kokuba ifile.
- I-Beethoven ibhaliwe kuphela opera kuphela ebizwa ngokuba yi "Fidelio". Azisekho imisebenzi efanayo kwi-Master's Bibley.
- Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lwabantu ababephila ngexesha lokuba uLuddig ubhale le misebenzi ilandelayo: "Umculo weengelosi" kunye "nemvula". Olu lwenziwe ngolunye uhlobo lwepiasts.
- Ubuhlobo kwaye bancedisiwe bafuneka.
- Unokwenza sebenza ngaxeshanye kwimisebenzi emi-5.
- Ngo-1809, xa uNapoleon waxhaphaza esixekweni, enexhala lokuba unengxaki yokuqhushumba. Ke ngoko, bendifihla kwigumbi elingaphantsi lasekhaya ndaziva ndazivalela iindlebe ngeempukangeni.
- Ngo-1845, isikhumbuzo sokuqala esinikezelwe kumgaqo sivulwe eBon.
- Isiseko sengoma ethi "Ukubetha" "kuba" ubekwa enyangeni yeSonata, elahlekileyo ngolungelelwano.
- Umhobe we-European Union wanyulwa "ade onwabe."
- Wasweleka ngenxa yokukhokelwa kwityhefu yomzimba ngenxa yempazamo yezonyango.
- Abagqirha bengqondo banamhlanje bakholelwa ukuba bathwaxwa yingxaki enkulu.
- Iifoto zeBeethoven ziprintwe kwiitampu zeposi zaseJamani.
Imisebenzi yomculo
Symphony
- I-C-Dur Ap. 21 (1800)
- I-ORD ye-D-DUR OP. (1802)
- I-OP yesithathu ye-ES-DUR "OP. (1804)
- Okwesine b-dur op. 60 (1806)
- Isihlanu c-moll OP. 67 (1805-1808)
- Isithandathu se-F-DUR "AP. 68 (1808)
- I-Sea-Dur Ap. 92 (1812)
- Isibhozo se-F-sur op. 93 (1812)
- Ithoba d-moll OP. I-125 (nekwayara, ikwayara, 1822-1824)
I-onpres
- I-Prometheus evela kwi-OP. (1800)
- "ICorokiolian" OP. 62 (1806)
- "I-lenor" Hayi. 1 OP. 138 (1805)
- "I-leonor" № 2 OP. 72 (1805)
- "Inombolo ye-leonora" i-3 op. 72A (1806)
- Fidelio okanye. 726 (1814)
- "I-EGOMNT" ukusuka okanye. I-84 (1810)
- "Amabhodlo eAthene" ukusuka kwi okanye. 113 (1811)
- "UKumkani uStephen" ukusuka okanye. 117 (1811)
- "Igama" OP. 115 (18 (4)
- "Ukuzalelwa kwendlu" Wed. 124 (1822)
Ngaphezulu kwe-40 yokudanisa kunye nokujikeleza kwe-slehonic kunye ne-orchestra