Biography
Esona sithandi sobulumko sikhulu - ngokungacacalanga kwenkulungwane ye-19 yayinempikiswano enkulu. Inkxaso yeembono ze-asceticism azizange zilinganiselwe; Ukuba ngumntu oqinisekileyo - khange acinge ngobomi ngaphandle kwenyama; Yonke intliziyo ibithiya abafazi, kodwa bathandana nabantu abangamanenekazi athandekayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, lo mntu ungqinayo phakathi kwentanda-bulumko yethemba nokubawa ekonwabeni ebomini yimbambano yobomi yimbambano.Abanye babona e-Schopenhawer "bafe" bezama ukufumana indlela yokuloyisa intlekele yobomi. Abanye baqinisekile ukuba i-maevero yayingu-Eeestro owayenothando olunothando kwiingxaki zenyani ejikelezileyo, bezityela kwinqanaba lezinto ezibalaseleyo. Kodwa akukho mntu uyakukhanyela ukuba iingcinga zika-Arthur kunye nokuqwalaselwa zichaphazele inkcubeko yentanda-bulumko, ukuba sisiqalo kwigama elitsha.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
NgoFebruwari 22, 1788, inkwenkwe ivela kwisixeko saseDanzig kwintsapho esisityebi ye-Schopenhauer. Utata nonina banika igama legama uArthur.
UHeinrich Floris Scres Screpenhaeer, uTata uArthur, umrhwebi wemitha, owayeneqhayiya ngelifa. Ukuxhasa udumo losapho, wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze ishishini liyachuma, kwaye umfazi wakhe nabantwana abakhange bafune. UHeinrich wayengengomthengisi ofanelekileyo, kodwa nendoda etyebileyo.
Abantu ababenawo nawo kuye baphawula ukuba baqinisekile kuye, benengqibelelo nangokusesikweni, awabawoyise ukuba abe yimbonakalo yedolophu yakhe. Kwi-38, uHeinrich uthatha uJohannn-hennn-henhttu to troozin kumfazi wakhe. Kwakungekho mvakalelo kolu manyano, kwabakho ubalo. Ukuqalisa kwaye kubanda iHenrietta kukholelwa ukuba kulo mtshato kuya kufuneka ukuba akhathazeke malunga nento yokunxiba namhlanje ebholeni. UHeinrich wayeziqonda ukuba wayengenguyeki, kwaye wayefuna iindlalifa.
UArthur wayehlala kwidolophu yakhe kanye iminyaka emihlanu. Ngo-1793, uDanzig wabekwa phantsi kwe-prussia emkhosini kwaye wayeka ukuba sisixeko sasimahla. Intsapho enothando enkulu yayingafuni ukuvukela abahlaseli kwaye yafudukela eHamburg ngo-Matshi. Kwiminyaka eli-12, i-Schopenhaueer ayitshintshanga indawo yokuhlala. UHeinrich waphupha enika unyana wakhe imfundo efanelekileyo.
Nge-9, eSchoupnhauer ithumela i-arthur ukuya eFrance kumhlobo wakhe eHavr. Kwisithuba seminyaka emibini, inkwenkwe ifunda ngootitshala abagqibeleleyo besixeko. Ukubuyela kwethu ekhaya, i-Schopenhauer ithethile ngesiFrentshi, kwaye iJamani yayo yanikwa isithandi sobulumko sexesha elizayo. Kwiminyaka eli-11 ubudala, inkwenkwe iya kwi-GyGe's Gysnasium, apho babeziswa ngabantwana babarhwebi. Kwezi zikolo, ukongeza kwizinto ezamkelweyo ngokubanzi, ukubiyela, ukuzoba, ukudlala kwiflethi kwaye ukudanisa kwakufundiswa.
NgoJanuwari 1805, ngomhla kaTata uArthur, uMbutho woMbutho weRhwebo kunye neSeenis Sewer. Apho, inkwenkwe iqonda ukuba urhwebo ayisiyonto awayeyifuna ukuyenza kwikamva.
Ngaphandle koko, ngentwasahlobo ye-1805, uTata ka-Arthur uyafa. UHeinrich wawa efestileni ye-attic ukuya kwi-canal yamanzi kwaye inyibilike. Iilwimi ezimbi zikhawuleze ukuba yayizibulala. Izizathu ezahlukeneyo zazibizwa ngokuba: Abanye bathi i-heinrich ifanekisela ukuphindaphindisele ngokukhawuleza kwaye akasamkeli le ngcinga, owesibini wathi lo mbandela ukwimpilo yezempilo. Inkwenkwe eyayithandwa nguYise, ikhathazekile kakhulu ukufa kwakhe, yaye nokuba enye yezi "zizathu" zazinyanisile - ngekhe ayamkele.
Emva kokubhubha kwentloko yosapho, amandla endlwini ehambile eJohanne. Umama wefilosofi ngaphandle kwesebe ukuba azijikelezile ngababhali, amagcisa kunye nezopolitiko, avula i-salon e-Weimar. Phakathi kweendwendwe zomfazi kwabonakala kubantu abadumileyo: Uviland, abazalwana bancuma, kwaye nomphunga ngokwakhe. Ngelixa uJohann wakhokelela indlela yokuphila, uArthur waqhubeka nokufunda intengiso. Le ndoda ifundile de kwangumhlobo omtsha kaJohann akazange amenze bamenze ukuba anikele unyana wakhe kwiDyunivesithi yaseGötten.
I-tyhemu yonyango itsalele ngokukhawuleza ingqalelo ka-Arthur, kodwa iphantsi kwempembelelo katitshala iphelise, lo mfana ugxile kwintanda-bulumko, esiya kwi-subcels ehambelanayo kwi-Götten Schopenhauer yahlala ukusuka kwi-1809 ukuya kwi-1811. Ngo-1811, uArthur usuka kwi-Weimar ukuya eBerlin. Kwahlala isithandi-sobulumko 'eFichte, olapha kwincopho yokuthandwa. I-Soung Schopenhauerer yafunda, iicolloquiums kwaye ingeniswe rhoqo ngenkosi. Ixesha elingaphezulu, ukuhlonipha i-ficht kukhutshelwa, kodwa isimo sengqondo sokuhlafuna kunye nokugculelwa.
UArthur enezifundo zeSifundo seNdalo: I-chemistry, Asstronomy, I-physics, Zooinity. Lo mfana waphulaphula ikhondo le-Scandinavian, wafunda umsebenzi wababhali beeRenaissance, kunye neFilososi eziphakathi. I-purispridence kuphela kunye ne-theology azizange zitsale umfundi. Inqanawa yeesayensi yonke i-Arthur yayifuna ukomisa ngokupheleleyo.
Ngo-1813, umcinga oselula yayifanele ukuba ifumane isidanga sogqirha eBerlin. Kodwa izicwangciso zakhe zalungisa imeko yomkhosi. Ngoyilo lokuqulunqa "kwivimba ezine yomthetho owoneleyo", uArthur wasebenza ehlotyeni lonke.
Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthobha, imigudu ye-Schopenhauer yaxatyiswa: I-Ien Iyunivesithi ivakalisa uArthur nguGqr.
Uncwadi
"Uxolo njengentando kunye nombono"-Umsebenzi ophambili we-Arthur Schopenhauer. Incwadi iqulethe iimbono zeMatra ngokubhekisele ebomini, umbono wakhe wokukhulisa, isizungu kunye netyala. Xa ubhala lo msebenzi, uScpenhauer waphefumlelwa yimisebenzi ye-Epicate kunye nekant. Umntu ocinga ukuba ufuna ukudluliselwa kumfundi umbono wokuba, ngaphandle kwezibonelelo zangaphandle, ngaphandle kwengqibelelo yangaphakathi yomntu kunye nempilo yakhe emzimbeni, kunye nempilo yomzimba yenyama - kuphela kwesizathu solonwabo.
Incwadi ethi "Erystics okanye ubugcisa bokuphumelela iimbambano" zabhalwa ngenkulungwane ye-19, kodwa ngoku ibaluleke kakhulu. Kwincwadi, i-Schopenhauer ityhila iimfihlo zoku-win-win. UArthur ucacisa ukuba ulungile, nokuba awuphosanga. Ngokutsho kombhali, ukuze woyise imbambano, kufuneka ubhenele ngokuchanekileyo ngenyani.
Encwadini "ekungakhathali kunye nokungakhathali kobomi", uScpenhauer ubhala ukuba ubuntu bukhule, yonke imihla ikhula, inamandla okuphelisa, ngakumbi.
Incwadi ethi "Metaphysics yothando lwesondo." Iitekisi ezipapashiweyo zazisa umfundi kunye neembono zokuziphatha zikaSchopenhauer. Apha umxholo wothando lwesondo uyahlula, ukuthathwa kwento yokufa nokufa kwabantu. Ukunxanelwa okungagungqiyo ebomini, amandla okuqina, ukubonakaliswa kokukhohlisa kwehlabathi, okuziswa kwiiplani zeencwadi, apho umfundi ngamnye uya kuba nakho ukuzifumana.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Schopenhauer yayingenamtsalane: Isithandi-sobulumko yayikukukhula okuphantsi, entloko kwaye yayinentloko enkulu engalunganga, eyayijongeka ngenxa yobungakanani bomzimba.
Ngaphandle kokungabikho kweglovess yangaphandle, lo mfo unxibe ngobubele. Wayenombono wakhe wefashoni. Nokuba kukhetho lweempahla, indoda yayingumntu ngamnye ongenakuphikiswa. Kodwa iMizanthropa ihlala ingu-sunthrop, nokuba inxibe inaliti.
Umfana oneendleko ophantsi wayengumntu ongumntu kunye namantombazana. Nangona kunjalo, kwiincoko ezinqabileyo, lo mfo watsala umdla ongayi kuba yimbonakalo, kunye neentetho, njengesilabhasi yoncwadi, zazilula kwaye zilungile.
Intombazana eye yathungela emphefumlweni we-pessimib eselula yokudla okuziinkozo, ebizwa ngokuba yiCarolina Jehremanman. I-Schopenhauer yathandana ngokungazi, ukuthathela isigqibo sokudala iManyano yoSapho, nangona ibophe ubuhle kuye. Kodwa intanda yayingemnandi kangaka. Bendingafuni nokuzithwalo ngomtshato wase-Uzami, uCarolina wambuza umthandi wobulumko oselula ukuba amshiye yedwa. UArthur akazange afumanise ngokwamanqanaba, kutheni loo nto yamxabisa kakhulu. Ingcaciso ye-zipper ivutha intloko yakhe: Abafazi kwindalo basisidenge kwaye abakude. Ezi zidalwa azikwazi ukwakha ikamva. Umfazi uligwiba lokuqina, lingamampunge.
Lo mfana waba sisini, kodwa ngaphandle kokuqonda isini, lo mfana wachitha ixesha elininzi kwinkampani yobuhle bendawo, ukudlala ngothando, ukuba unethamsanqa, ukhunjulwa ngovuyo.
UCarolina wahlwayela ingqolowa, kodwa iingcambu zahluma xa i-Teresa yaseTeresa yavela kubomi buka-Arthur. Intombazana yayintle, ityebile kwaye yenziwa. Ukwazi kwenzeka ngo-1822, ngelo xesha lohambo lwe-Schopenhauer e-Itali. Le ndoda ikwi-shean lesixhenxe ngolonwabo kwaye yayicinga kakhulu ngomtshato. Isiqephu esinye esinye satshabalalisa izicwangciso zefilosofi: Xa uhambahamba esixekweni, abathandi bahlanganisana nombhali wesiNgesi nge-Byron.
Iqabane emehlweni e-donjana elidumileyo yayixinekile kwaye etyhafile. UArthur wayenoloyiko lokuba kwixa elizayo kukho inenekazi elinokwenzeka elinokukhululeka kwiimpondo kwaye likhawuleze ukuhlangabezana nentombazana ethandekayo.
Kwixa elizayo, i-Schopenhauer yadibana ngokukodwa ngamantombazana afikeleleka ngokulula: Wafumana into efunekayo, kwaye wabaphosa. Yonke inoveli "entsha ibiyimpindezelo yobuhle base-Itali.
Kunyaka emva koko, uArthur wabuyela eDresden kwaye waxela konke oko kubomi bentsapho kungengenxa yakhe kwaye ukuthanda abafazi kugqityiwe.
Ukufa
I-Schopenhauer yahlulwe yimpilo ye-fanomenal. Akukho sifo sinokuhlangabezana naye. Ke ngoko, umfundi "ngo-Epreli" ubetha intliziyo ye-1860 kunye nokungonwabisi esifubeni ngelo xesha kwakungenziwanga isithandi sobulumko kunye namachaphaza enkxalabo.
Iinyanga ezine, ngoSeptemba 21, ugqirha wafumana umzimba ongenabomi e-Schopenhauer: Esi sifo sifumene "isifo" xa indoda isela ikofu kwigumbi lokuhlala. I-Pneumonia yemiphunga yaba yindawo ye-Philosopher.
Umzimba awuvulwanga, kuba, ngexesha lobomi base-Schopenhaeer, ngokubhala, kwaliwe le nkqubo. Xa kwakungcwatyelwa entlokweni wanikwa i-Laurel Wreath. Intsalela ye-Maestro Ithemba labo bangcatshwa nguMhlaba ngoSeptemba 26 kumangcwaba asekuhlaleni eFrankfurt.
Ilitye elingenako iLibspice, libanjwe yivy, libonisa ubuhlakani bokugqibela. Akukho ngongoma yesalathiso (umhla wokuzalwa), akukho ngongoma ye-HAYI (imihla yokufa). Ngamagama amabini kuphela aqingqiweyo kwisitovu: Arthur Scpenhauer.
Iikowuti
"Wonke umntu unokumamela, kodwa kufanelekile ukuba athethe nomntu ngamnye". "Imbangi yabantu ayisekelwanga eluthandweni loluntu, kodwa loloyiko lokuba lilolo ngabantu abanganyangekiyo." 'Ukuba kukukhanya kweencwadi, kuya kuba kukuphelelwa lithemba ixesha elide. "" Xa abantu benxibelelana phakathi kwabo, indlela yabo yokuziphatha ifana nokudinisa ezama ukufudumeza ubusuku obubandayo. Bayabanda, bacinezelwa omnye komnye, kodwa abomeleleyo bayayenza, kokukhona bankwantya bagqobhozana kunye nabafana babo abade. Ukunyanzelwa ngenxa yentlungu yokulimala, basondela ngenxa yokubanda, kwaye kunjalo-ubusuku bonke bafa. "I-Bibliography
- "Kwingcambu ezine yomthetho owoneleyo" (1813)
- "Ngombono kunye nemibala" (1816)
- "Uxolo njengozokusebenza kunye nentsebenzo" (1819)
- "Owu ngemeko" (1826)
- "Inkululeko yokuthanda" (1839)
- "Kwisiseko sokuziphatha" (1840)
- "Iingxaki ezimbini zokuziphatha" (1841)
- Msgstr "UParerega ungahambi" (1841, 1851 - imiqulu emibini)
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