Biography
I-Stenan Timofeevich Razin - I-Ataman ye-Don Cossacks, eyalungiselela eyona ndlela iphambili yeli xesha lembambe, eyayibizwa ngokuba yimfazwe yonyango.
Inkokeli ye-Cossacks yexesha elizayo yazalwa kwilali yaseTnimovskaya ngo-1630. Eminye imithombo ibonisa enye indawo yokuzalwa kwe-stan - iCarkask City. Utata wexesha elizayo i-Atamon Timofey Times yayivela kwintsimi yeVoronezh, kodwa efudukele apho ukuba afihle izizathu kwiibhanki zedon.
Umfana onamathele phakathi kwabahlali bakhululeka kwaye kungekudala baba sisihlahla se-Dosc. I-Timofey yayihlukile kwiphulo lomkhosi nenkalipho. Ukusuka kwiphulo elinye, i-Cossack ikhokelele kwindlu ye-Turselathanka kwaye yamtshata. Intsapho yazalelwa oonyana abathathu - uIvan, Stenson kunye ne-Frol. Utitshala womzalwana ophakathi waba yimikhosi yaseAtaman yaseKornil yakovlev.
Ixesha leengxaki
Ngo-1649, "umyalezo wekamva", otyikitywe kukumkani, uAlexey Mikhailovich Romanov, eRussia ekugqibeleni wadibanisa iSerfdom. Uxwebhu lubhengeza ilizwe lelifa le-Serfdom kwaye lavunyelwa ukuba lenze ixesha lokukhangela ukubaleka ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15. Emva kokuthathwa komthetho kweli lizwe baqala ukuqaqamba kunye nemvukelo, uninzi lwabaphangi basungulwe kwindawo yokukhangela kumazwe asimahla kunye nokuhlala.
Kwakukho ixesha elingangenisanga. Iindawo zokuhlala ze-Cossack zazisiba yi-pier "yeGollby", ihlwempu okanye ihlwempu okanye abantu ababenemigudu ababekufuphi ne-cossacks ezityebileyo. Ngokwesivumelwano esingekho semthethweni kunye ne "Domovite" ezingabalulekanga okubalekayo, amaqela enziwe, ezazibandakanyeka kwiziphatho kunye nobusela. I-terkkie, don, don, i-hiicky cossacks yonyuke ngenxa ye "pigemfumber", amandla abo emkhosini bakhula.
Ulutsha
Ngo-1665 umcimbi wenzeka, ophembelela ikamva lesiphelo se-razin yeshumi. Umphefumlo omkhulu uIvan, owathabatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yaseRussia agqibe kwelokuba ashiye isikhundla kwaye athathe umhlala phantsi kunye nomkhosi ukuya kwilizwe lakhe. Ngokwesiko, i-freecates yayinganyanzelekanga ukuba ithobele urhulumente. Kodwa umkhosi weRhuluneli yu. A. Dederukov wabanjwa ngamabhodlo kwaye, ebabiza ngokuba ngabakhuluwa, babulawa endaweni. Emva kokubhubha komzalwana i-Stenan, ubushushu kwi-Russia masigqibe kwelokuba uye eMoscow ukwenzela ukukhupha iRussia kwi-boyares. Indawo engazinzanga ye-peasantry yabangela ukuvuka kwemvula.
Ukusuka kwishumi elinesibini sentlan 'eyahlukileyo ngokucima kunye nokunyibilika. Akazange ahambe aphile, kodwa asebenzise ubuchule kunye neqhinga, ukanti yena oselula uyinxalenye yeendwendwe ezibalulekileyo ezivela kwi-moscow kunye ne-astrakhakhan. Amaqhinga oxilongo i-stanson anokuhlawula nayiphi na ishishini elingaphumelelanga. Ke iphulo elidumileyo "le-ZIPUNOV", ephelele kwiqela le-razinsky, inokukhokelela ekubenimba kwayeohlwaye bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bakhe. Kodwa uStana-timofeevich ke oqinisekileyo wathetha ne-Tsarst Lviv ukuba akhulule wonke umkhosi wasekhaya, axhobisela izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye anike izixhobo zentombi.
Zitshonile kwaye njengoxolo phakathi kwabantu basemazantsi. E-Astrakhan, wenza umlamli kwimpikiswano phakathi kwe-Nagyabaki yaseNagyangaki naseKalmyks kwaye engavumeli ukuphalazwa kwegazi.
Ukuqalwa
Ngo-1667, ngo-Matshi, umntakwethu waqalisa ukuqokelela umkhosi. Ukususela ngo-2000, uAtaman, uAtaman wahamba nephulo kwimilambo yabarhwebi nakwiinqanawa ze-boycar kwiVolga. Ukuphanga akubonwa ngabasemagunyeni njengenkqonkqoze, kuba ubusela yayiyinxalenye yobukho be-cossacks. Kodwa uRazin wahamba eMismune yesiqhelo. Kwilali emnyama Yar Ataman walungiselela ukubulawa kwemikhosi yasesitratweni, emva koko waya kuzo zonke iimbekiselo. Emva koko kwakukwala. Imikhosi yomvukeli kunye nobuqili bangena kwinqaba yokuya kwi-Orals Bassacks kwaye batshixize kubo.
Ngo-1669, umkhosi wenziwa ngabaphangi abakhanyayo, phantsi kobunkokeli bakwaStan, uRazin waya kwi-caspian, apho wafunda khona uhlaselo oluninzi lwamaPersi. Kumlo onoFlotilla Mandulo-Khan, uTahan wase-Russian wafika kumphathi waseMpuma. I-ripples yaxelisa ukubaleka kwiFersi Cleet Fleet, emva kokuba amaPersian anike iodolo yokudibanisa iinqanawa ezingama-50 kwaye ijikeleze umkhosi we-cossocks. Kodwa ke ngequbuliso uRazin wajika wajikelezisa umkhombe onamandla wenqanawa, emva koko yaqala ukuntywila, yatsala izithuthi zonke. Ke imikhosi emincinci iRazin iphuma kwidabi kwisiqithi se-swine ophumeleleyo. Ukuqonda ukuba emva koyiswa, ukuqokelela i-fifisties kuya kuqokelela umkhosi wamanxuwa nxamnye namabhodlo, amalahle i-Cossacks ahamba e-Astrakhakhakhan akhuphe.
Imfazwe yeMfazwe
Ngo-1670 Ukulungiswa kwe-razin ye-razin yaqalisa iphulo leMoscow. UAtaman wenyuka iVolga, efaka iilali ezinxweme kunye nezixeko. Ukutsala abantu basekuhlaleni, umahluko 'wasebenzisa iileta "ezinomtsalane" - iileta ezikhethekileyo awabela kuzo phakathi kwabantu basedolophini. Ngeeleta kwathiwa ukuba ukuvuthuza kwaba boy kuya kulahliwe ukuba bajoyine umkhosi wabavukeli.
Kungekuphela nje abacekisiweyo, kodwa nawo amakholwa amadala, amagcisa, i-Mari, i-fuvash, amaTatare, amajoni aseRussia, adlula ecaleni kwengubo. Emva koncedo lokuntywila, imikhosi yasebukhosini yanyanzeleka ukuba iqale ukutsala i-meland kunye ne-baltic States. Kodwa kunye namajoni abo, abassali babekhohlakele, bebhengeza onke amabanjwa abaphambukeli.
I-Stenan Razin isasaza i-rumor ukuba i-Tsarevich elahlekileyo i-Alexey Alekseevich ifihliwe kwindawo engafihlisiyo, kunye noPayen onxulumene noko. Ngenxa yoko, uAtaman watsalela engakumbi kwaye awonelisekanga ngakumbi ngurhulumente wangoku. Enyakeni, abemi beTsaritsatyn, uAratonkhan, uSaratov, eSamara, u-Saransk, uKozmemodensianski watshintshela ecaleni kwamabhodlo. Kodwa kwidabi eliphantsi kweflotirsk ye-hissacks, umkhosi weprince yu.
Isiqingatha sonyaka seshumi ubudala sifihliwe malunga nedolophu yaseKagalnitsits, kodwa izityebi zasekhaya zigqibe kwelokuba iKhomishini ka-Ataman kurhulumente. Amadoda amakhulu ebhomboloza ingqumbo kakumkani, onokubakho kuzo zonke iindawo zaseRussia. Ngo-Epreli 1671, emva kokuqhutywa kwenqaba yenqaba, i-razin yeshumi iRazin yabanjwa kwaye yathunyelwa eMoscow kunye nendawo ekungqongileyo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi babucala boMataman kumanqaku embali amaxwebhu embali awagcinwanga, kodwa yinyani yokuba eKagalnitkius, iqabane likaRazin lalihlala nonyana wakhe uAthanasius. Inkwenkwe yayihamba emanyathelweni kayise, yaba yimfazwe. Ngexesha lokuqhayisa ngamaTatare, umfana wathiwa utshaba, kodwa emva kwakhe wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe.
Kwintsomi malunga ne-span, inkosazana ye-Persian iyakhankanywa. Kucingelwa ukuba le ntombazana yeza ivakala i-cossocks emva kokulwa okhethiweyo kuLwandle lweCaspian. Waba ngumfazi wesibini uRazin kwaye wakwazi ukuzala intombi yabantwana, kodwa kuJurgan Ataman wamhlazisa kwi-vochin yeVolga.
Ukufa
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo le-1671, uGregory Koshagov, ogcinwe yi-Voikov Andrey Bogdanov Stanson kunye nomntakwabo Frol, bathunyelwa eMoscow ngenxa yetyala. Ngexesha lophando lwezibonda, zatshutshiswa gadalala, kwaye emva kweentsuku ezi-4 zakhokelela ekubulaweni, eza kwenzeka kwiBolotnaya Square. Emva kwesivakalisi sesivakalisi se-razin ye-razin saxabana, kodwa umntakwabo wayengenakuma inceba kwaye wacela inceba ngolwazi olufihlakeleyo. Kwiminyaka emi-5 kamva, engafumani nto ixabisekileyo yekratshi ethenjiswe nguFril, kwagqitywa kwelokuba enze umzalwana omncinci uAtaman.
Emva kokusweleka kwenkokeli yentshukumo yenkululeko, imfazwe yaqhubeka nezinye iinyanga ezintandathu. I-Cossacks yayiyintloko ye-Ataman vasily vasily musyl kunye ne-Fyodor Sheloojak. Iinkokheli ezintsha zazingenazo iCharisma kunye nobulumko, ke ngoko kwacinezelwa inkolo. Imizabalazo yabantu ikhokelele kwiziphumo ezidanisayo: ISerfudom yaqiniswa, iintsuku zenguqu kubanini zarhoxiswa, zavunyelwa ukuba zibonise inqanaba eligqithisileyo lokudanisa.
Imemori
Ibali le-razin ye-razin yexesha elide lihlala kwimemori yabantu. Iingoma ezili-15 zabantu zinikelwe kwigorha lesizwe, kubandakanya "ngenxa yesiqithi kwiStrazhen", "kukhona i-clutter", "Owu, hayi ngokuhlwa." I-biegraphy yeendonga zeRazin ibangela ukuba inzala yokuyila yababhali abaninzi kunye nababhali-mbali, njengokuba A. S. Pilytaeva, e. EvtridheThe.
Isicwangciso sokuqhubela phambili iqhawe lemfazwe yemfazwe yasetyenziswa xa kusenziwa ifilimu yokuqala yaseRussia ngo-1908. Ifilimu yabizwa ngokuba yi "Powen Wolnitsa". Ukuhlonitshwa kweRazin, izitrato zeSt. Petersburg, Tver, eSaratov, I-Ulyotinburg, i-Ulyatovsk kunye nezinye iindawo zokuhlala zibizwa.
Iziganeko zeXvisi zenkulungwane zenza isiseko se-operas kunye nemibongo yeSynhoini ye-Russia n. Yanaswesyev, A. K. Harzunovich.