Biography
UFrancesco Perepch yimbongi yase-Italiya yenkulungwane ye-14, eyayisaziwa ngabantu abadala. Ukujonga umcebisi we-Monk-Monok Varlaiam Kalabrichsky, wadlala indima enkulu kwi-Pratican yase-Itali kwaye yaba yimbongi yeminyaka ephakathi.
UFrancesco Prol wazalelwa e-Iszzo ngoJulayi 20, 1344. Utata wakhe waba ngu-Peietro Dispirate, igqwetha laseFlorentine elagxothwayo kwiFlorence kwangaxeshanye noDante, ngenkxaso yeqela "emhlophe". UParenzo unesidlaliso i-petrakko - mhlawumbi ngenxa yale kamva yenze kamva iPseundenym yembongi. Intsapho ye-Pareyo ifudukele kwelinye icala iTuscany iye kwenye, kwaye xa uFrances wagqiba iminyaka elithoba ubudala, azinza kwiAvignon Avignon. Emva koko, oomama be-Peritoca bafudukela kwisixeko esingabamelwane beCartra.
EAvignon, le nkwenkwana yaqalisa ukuya esikolweni, wafunda ulwimi lwesiLatin waza waqalisa ukuba nomdla kwimisebenzi yoncwadi lwamaRoma. Ngo-1319, uFrancesco waphumelela esikolweni, emva koko utata acebise ukuba afundele ilungelo. Nangona i-curispridence ayikufuphi noFrancesco, lo mntu wenza ukuthanda kukaBawo, ukubhalisa eMontpellier, kwaye kungekudala - kunye neDolophu yaseBologna. Ngo-1326, utata kaPerarkki wasweleka, kwaye umfana ngokwakhe waqonda ukuba ababhali beklasi kuye babenomdla ngakumbi kwimithetho yowiso-mthetho.
Ekuphela kwelifa elenzelwe ukuba iFrancesco emva kokusweleka kukayise yayiyinto ebhaliweyo ebhaliweyo ye-vergil. Ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yemeko enzima yemali, kwinxalenye ngenxa yomnqweno wemfundo yokomoya, emva kokuphumelela kwiDyunivesithi yasePristarca wagqiba kwelokuba abe nobubingeleli. I-Itali ihlanjululwe kwiNkundla yePapal eAvignon yaza yasondela kubameli bosapho ogunyazisiweyo lwekholamu (Jacomom - umhlobo ovela kwixesha lokufunda eyunivesithi).
Ngo-1327, iFrancenk yoqale yabona i-Laura De entsha, uthando olungafanelekanga lwuqhubekile ukuba lubhale imibongo ethathwa njengeyona ndawo iphambili ye-sonnets yase-Itali.
Indalo
I-Petrorta yayiyeyona nto iphambili ye-peritorca, ebhalwe e-Itali. Inxalenye egqithisileyo inikelwe kwi-Laure yeNew De entsha (nangona igama layo elipheleleyo liseyimfihlakalo, kwaye uLaura Dew ngoyena mntu ungumgqatswa ofanelekileyo we-teetch yomculo). Imbongi ngokwakhe inike ingxelo kuphela oyithandayo ogama linguLaura, eyaqala ukubonwa ngoAprili 6, 1327 kwiCawa yaseSanta Chiara, kwaye ngoAprili 6, 1348, kwafa lo mfazi. Emva kokufa kukaLaura Drancesco wacela umngeni kolu thando iminyaka elishumi.
Ingqokelela ye-Kanzon kunye ne-sonynes ezinikezelwe kwiLaurea ibizwa ngokuba yi "II Canzoniere" okanye "i-Sparse". Ingqokelela inamacandelo amabini. Nangona uninzi lwemisebenzi efakwe kuyo ichaza uthando lwezilwanyana ezifunekileyo, "kwi" Chanceline "bekukho indawo yeendinyana ezininzi: inkolo neyenkolo neyezopolitiko. Kwanangaphambi kokuqala kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, le qokelelo yaphinda yahlulwa kabini amaxesha. Uphengululo lwe-sownets kwi "Chametline" zabhala iimbongi kunye nezazinzulu ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, ziqonda ukubaluleka kweMisebenzi yeFrancesco yokuphuhliswa kwe-Italian kunye noncwadi lwehlabathi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uTherki yena akazange adibane nzulu kwimibongo yakhe yase-Italiya. Nangona le mibongo ukuba balinqabisa kuluntu, kwaye ekuqaleni Petraque babhala kuphela yena ezibonwe zochuku kunye belligelligers nabancedi bakhe lula umphefumlo. Kodwa ukunyaniseka nokuzala kwawa kungcamla uluntu lwehlabathi, kwaye ngenxa yoko, le misebenzi yayinefuthe kubudala beempawu kunye nababhali bezizukulwana ezizayo.
Umbongo othetha ka-Italiyane phantsi kwegama "uloyiso", apho ubomi bakhe buye bafumanisa ibinzana. Kuyo, umbhali ngoncedo lwe-Allegory lisixelela malunga nekhonkco loloyiso: Uthando lokoyisa umntu, uthando, uthando, ukusweleka, ixesha le-SLAV, ixesha elingunaphakade, iphakade liphumelele ixesha.
Iintsapho zase-Itali, i-Chancen, iMadrigis Francesco yayinegalelo kungekuphela kwimibongo, kodwa nakumculo. I-xiv (ngelixa ubhengezwa ngokutsha), kwaye emva koko ii-Xix kwiinkulungwane zibeka ezi ndinyana njengesiseko seminyaka yomculo. Umzekelo, iphepha lika-Gerenc labhala "i-lornet ye-lornet" yepiyano phantsi kwembono enzulu yeembongi ezinikezelwe kwisiseko.
Iincwadi kwi-latin
Kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo kaFrancesco, obhalwe kwi-latin ibandakanya ezi ncwadi zilandelayo:
- I-Autobiography "Epistola AD Posteros" kwifomathi yoonobumba kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Kulendalo, iPetraka ichaza imbali yobomi bakhe ngaphandle (ithetha ngezinto eziphambili ezenzeka kwiNdlela yoBomi).
- I-Autobiography "de i-Decing Pundi", eguqulelwa ngokuthi "malunga nokudelela umhlaba." Lo mbhali womsebenzi ubhale kwifomathi yencoko yababini ngo-Augustine Augustine. I-Autobiography yesibini ye-poiet ayixelelanga kangako malunga nokubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kwembali yobomi bakhe, ukuba yimalini yophuhliso lwangaphakathi, umzabalazo ophakathi kwenkanuko kunye nokuziphatha okuphakathi, njalo njalo. Incoko eno-Augustine ijika ibe ngumdiliya phakathi kobuntu kunye nenkolo nezenkolo nezenkolo nezenkolo nezenkolo, ekuzuzeni amandla.
- Ukuhlolwa (iintetho ezinyanzelekileyo) ngokunxulumene nabameli benkcubeko, amanqanaba ezenkolo, ezenkolo. I-Periki yayiyenye kunye namanani okuqala okuyila abanakho ukujonga iingxelo, iimfundiso kunye nokuqiniseka kobude bembono ebalulekileyo. Ke, ukuphanda nxamnye nogqirha, oqwalasele isayensi kubaluleke ngakumbi kuno-Evidence kunye nemibongo. Kwakhona, iFrancesco ivezwe ngokuchasene neqela labafundisi-ntsapho abaninzi), ngokuchasene ne-averrolist (abalandeli befilosofi yefilosofi yase-Xiii), izazinzulu zaseRoma ezidlulileyo, njalo njalo.
- "Unobumba ngaphandle kweedilesi" - usebenza apho umbhali ugxeka khona ngenkalipho ye-rome xivis. Ngexesha lobomi bakhe, wayekholelwa kakhulu iKatolika, kodwa akazange azive engathandekiyo ngama-AST aphakamileyo ngokomoya, ocinga ukuba ungamkeleki, kwaye akazange abe neentloni ukuzigxeka ekuhleni. "Iileta ngaphandle kweedilesi" zibhekiswa kwabo balinganiswa abathathiweyo, ke abantu bokwenyani. Izimvo zokubhala zisebenza kwifomathi yeFrancesco ebolekwe kwi-cicero kunye neSeneki.
- "I-Afrika" ngumbongo owenziwe kwi-Scypion's rogs. Ikwanayo nemithandazo kunye neeNdumiso eziguqukayo.
Ubomi Buqu
Uthando lobomi bonke be-Periki yayinguLaura, ubuntu obungachazwanga. Emva kwentlanganiso kunye nale ntombazana, imbongi iminyaka emithathu ichithe eAvirdnon, yayinethemba lokuba liyijonge kwiCawe. Ngo-1330, imbongi yafudukela eTobble, kwaye emva kweminyaka esixhenxe wathenga ipropathi eVuluse ukuze aphile kufutshane neLaura. Ukufumana kwamkelwe iSan, i-Peritch ayinalo ilungelo lokutshata, kodwa lalingenalo uqhagamshelo lwe-carnal nabanye abantu basetyhini. Ibali lichaza ukuba i-Peritch yayinomntwana ezimbini ezazisenzi.
ULauray ngokwayo, kuyacaca, wayengumfazi otshatileyo, ethembekile kumfazi wakhe kunye nonina wabantwana abalishumi elinanye. Okokugqibela imbongi ithe yabona intanda nge-27 kaSeptemba, 1347, kwaye ngo-1348 umntu obhinqileyo.
Olona thando lokufa lungaziwa, kodwa ababhali-mbali bayakholelwa ukuba inokuba sisibetho, ngenxa yokuba inxalenye ebalulekileyo yabemi baseAvignon yenzeka ngo-1348. Ukongeza, uLaura unokufa ngenxa yokudinwa ngenxa yokuphelisa rhoqo, isifo sephepha. Akukaziwa ukuba ingaba i-Petracks yatsho malunga neemvakalelo, kwaye uInaura wayesazi ngobukho bakhe.
Iimbongi zaphawula ukuba ukuba uLaura waba ngumfazi osemthethweni, wayengakwazi ukubhala uninzi lweenwele ezininzi zokungena kwimbeko yakhe. Umzekelo, i-Byron, iKaramzin, kunye neSoviet poet igor Guberman yathetha ngale nto. Ngokoluvo lwabo, kukude komthandi, ukungakwazi ukuba kunye ne-Portolika yakhe kuvunyelwe ukubhala imisebenzi enefuthe elikhulu kuzo zonke iincwadi zehlabathi.
Ukufa
Ubomi be-Periki, imisebenzi yakhe yokufunda yavavanywa luluntu, kwaye ngenxa yoko, wafumana izimemo zokuhambisa i-laurel Wreat, iParis kunye neRoma (phantse ngaxeshanye). Imbongi inyule iRoma, apho uViefen wayengumntu osonti kwiCapitol 1341. Kude kube ngu-1353, wayehlala kwilifa lakhe eNtili, ngamaxesha athileMshiya ehamba ehamba okanye eshumayela.
Ngonaphakade ngonaphakade le ndawo ekuqaleni kuka-1350s, iFrancesco yagqiba ekubeni ihlale eMilan, nangona wayefundiswa kwiSebe laseFlorence. Ukusekwa kwiNkundla ye-Viconti, wakuthatha ukubulawa kwemishini yozakuzo.
Emva koko, imbongi yayifuna ukubuyela kwi-Avignon yakhe, kodwa kubudlelwane obukhulu ngoosapho abagunyazisiweyo bamthintele ukuba ayenze. Ngenxa yoko, wafudukela eVenice kwaye wazinza kufutshane nosapho lwentombi yakhe engekho mthethweni.
Kodwa apha i-Perarko ayizange ihlale ixesha elide: Wahamba rhoqo kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo zase-Italiya, kwaye kwiinyanga zakutshanje wayekwilali encinci yaseKrintaliva. Apho imbongi yasweleka ebusuku nge-18 kaJulayi ukuya kwi-19, 1374, xa washiya isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-70 ukuze aphile usuku olunye kuphela. Ibali lichaza ukuba iFrances iye ehlabathini enye etafileni, ihleli kulo msebenzi kubomi bukaKesare ngepeni ngesandla sakhe. Wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba asekuhlaleni.
I-Bibliography
- Incwadi yeeNgoma
- I-Traimons
- Malunga nokudelela umhlaba
- Incwadi yamadoda adumileyo
- Ileta eya kwinzala
- Iileta ngaphandle kwedilesi
- Iingoma ze-bonolic
- Ifumene iiNdumiso