Imbali yomlinganiswa
Isithandi-sobulumko esikhulu, umbhali kwaye sibune ngeerod zebhokhwe abathandwa ngabafundi be-Xix kwipaleji yokuqala kumaphephandaba. "Abazali bakhe" bakhe baphawula ezona mpawu ziphambili zegorha - ukukhuthala okungenamda kunye nokuthetha okuhle.
I-Kozma ye-palau yeyobubhali bendawo yonke yeengxelo ezidumileyo kunye nee-thorisms. Iiperile ezaziphuma kwiintsiba zombhali ekuqaleni zibonakala ngathi aziyi kuba yinto engeyiyo, kodwa kungekudala, inyani kunye nentsingiselo enzulu ibonakala ngokucacileyo. Umzekelo, kunzima ukuphikisana nento yokuba ukwahlula umntu ukusuka ezantsi, kwaye hayi ngaphezulu-i-phenomeno esengqiqweni, kuba inkxaso emibini ithembekile kunenye.
Imbali yendalo
Iirod zebhokhwe - i-alias edibeneyo yababhali kunye neembongi ngexesha elinye. I-Alezey Tolstoy, abazala bakhe, iVladimir, Alexey noAlexander Pulizhnikov, fihla phantsi kwemaski yoncwadi. Imbongi ye-Petshov yabekwa kwindalo yokuqokelelwa kwamazwi, ii-Aphorisms kunye nesiseko, kunye nomfanekiso wentonga ye-rods ye-lero ye-lero ye-lero ye-lero ye-rods.
Imbali yokudalwa kwenkunkuma eqaqambileyo ye-satire yaseRussia yaqala ngokuhlwa kwehlobo le-1851, xa ilali yasePavlovka iqokelele kwiholide ye-Alexey Tolstoy kunye nabazala bakhe. I-IKIHHIARY CRNNAY IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA NOKUGCINWA KWABASEBENZI NOBOMI BOBOMI.
Wonke umntu wayalela izinto zakhe: I-Tolstoy yathandaza nge-Epistolallar Tiphu, i-Alexey Puluzhnikov yeza nemeko yemidlalo yasekhaya eBhasni, kwaye iVladimer yayinesipho se-posidy. Oku kwazalelwa ekukhanyeni kwentsomi yokuqala Prutkov i "ulibale-" kwaye emva komqendu "," umqhubi oqhuba umkhondo "," umqhubi oqhuba umkhondo "kunye nabanye. Abazalwana bathwalelwa ukuba ukuphela kwehlobo, imisebenzi yeshumi elinesibindi eqokelelweyo.
I-Vladimir kwileta eya kumhlobo owaphawula ukuba umsebenzi wamahle waqalwa njengobungqina 'bokudumisa ngephenyane' - i-basni ifunyenwe kwabanye abantu akukho kube mandundu. Kwaye wongeze:
"... Ukubuyela kwi-Tersburg yethu ... noMzalwan 'u-Alexei kunye negrafu A. UTolstoy weza kwiingcinga ukuba abhale kumntu omnye ekwazile ukufumana zonke iintlobo zokuyila."Izalwe ngokungenamsebenzi emva koko yajika iimpawu ezimbalwa. Ebudeni-i-50s, uPeter Ershov wajoyina i-balanches yababhali, eyahlangana naye iVladimir xa wayekhonza eTobolsk. Ngokudibeneyo noMdali we "Skite-gorboon", babonisa umhlaba umnxibelelanisi ophahlekayo "Inqaba ye-Siren". Lo msebenzi ke weza kumfundi ophantsi konotata katata kaKozma Proutkov. Ke uphawu olungeneyo lufumene i-pedigree.
Igama le-pidsuts laziswa ngu-Verkhevnikov, obizwa ngokuba nguKhuzma. Emva kwexesha, "Utshintshile Ku-" O "kunye nesandla sokukhanya se-Alexander. Malunga nexesha elinye, umhlali omtsha weOlimpiki yoLwazi "ifumene" umsebenzi kunye nesikhundla, utshatile, wafumana inzala.
Imisebenzi yombhali wentsomi yeza kubafundi ngo-1854. Kwiphepha lesicelo elithi "I-Coopelporary", Upapasho oluhlekisayo "lwalusomele" Ukuzonwabisa kukaKozma Proutkov ", kwaye emva kweminyaka emihlanu, uluntu lwahlelwa ngokudala" pooh kunye neentsiba. Amagosa okuzonwabisa uKozma Prutkov. "
Ukuphelela komfanekiso, ababhali bapapasha iingcinga "kunye nee-abhorisms", kunye ne-anecdotes "kumanqaku otat'omkhulu" kwimagazini "i-scark" i-scark "i-scark" i-scark "i-scark". Ugqibezele umsebenzi woncwadi lwe-roiky yegorha lentsomi yempapasho kwi "Whistle" ngomhla we-1863.
Zonke iincwadi ze-Prurttkov ukuya kwinguqulo yayingaphezulu kweempapasho ezingaphezu kwe-10, kwaye kwinkulungwane yama-20, izityebi zevenkile zeencwadi zaye zatyetyiswa 'yingqokelela epheleleyo ye-Kozma Prutkov. "
Biography
I-biegraphy ye-Kuzma Petrovich yaqala ngo-1801, okanye i-1803-ababhali bebengagqibanga. Kodwa kumhla wokuzalwa, babeka owona mhla u-11 ku-Epreli 11. Kwakukho iinkophe ezizayo kunye nesithandi-sobulumko kwilali yephondo laseTeceloso kwintsapho yabahlwempuzekileyo, kodwa ehlonitwayo. Eyona ilifa eliphambili le-prukov isuka kwi-Makhulu Fnyodor Kuzmich: "Izinto ze-Histoic", nangona zibhalwe ngolwimi "olungenakwenzeka" "kunye nesilabhasi, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu kwiingcinga ezinobungozi.
Kwi-zenith yozuko, umzukulwana uya kuyipapasha iiperile zikatat'omkhulu kwaye ngekratshi utsho ngokubandakanyeka kolu ncwadi, oya kuthi enze uvavanyo lukaTata waseToboretta. Ngokutsho kwempatho yebhokhwe, umsebenzi uxatyiswa kakhulu nguDerzhavin, khmelnitsnitsky kunye neSugarokov ngokwakhe.
IiSayensi zeRods zafundwa ekhaya, apho umbingeleli wenza njengomfundisi. Italente yoncwadi yayisele ijonge ekhulweni, kuba uvavanyo kuncwadi lwaseRussia lwalusenyanjelwa 'njengokuvavanywa, " Iindlela zobomi zilandelwa kukohomho. Umzekelo, ebutsheni bakhe uKozma wayeyiqonda inyaniso:
"Ukuba ufuna ukuba mhle, yiya kwi-huxars."Ke ngoko, ngo-1820 kwabangasebenzi. Ikwanako ukubamba i-hussar shalm, iqhawe lakwazi ukuya kwiminyaka emibini, kodwa emva koko kwenzeka isiganeko esothusayo, esathi kamva saba yinto esondeleyo yoomama bakhe, - i-jikelele iphupha kuphela Iindlela zokuphuma ezivela kwiingubo.
Ibhokhwe eselula i-petrovich yamkelekile kwi-Sttersburg yaseSt. Petersburg kwinqanaba lezilo eliqinileyo legumbi, apho wayesenza umsebenzi wegumbi, ukuza kwivili legumbi kwaye wafumana iodolo yeSt. I-STanislav 1 isidanga. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele, impumelelo ifezekisiwe ngaphandle kokuthandana, ngenxa yokubulela kuphela kwinzondelelo yayo. Igosa elizukileyo laba yinkokeli elinobuchule kunaye ngokwakhe enekratshi, engalibali ukukhankanya:
"Ingqondo yam kunye neetoniti zam zokuvota, ezixhaswayo ziyinkululeko engenakuthembeka, zikhusela ukukhusela kwam."Ukuphila ikota yenkulungwane, iibhokhwe zenkunzi yentonga etshatileyo ukuya kumvelisi waza wancuma iqela labantwana, nangona kunjalo, ishumi kuphela elalihlala liphila.
Embindini wenkulungwane yama-20, umlinganiswa wafumana isangqa kwisangqa sobutsha, esabandakanywa ngabazalwana bePearl kunye negrafu i-Alexei Tolstoy. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iintonga zange bacinge ngemisebenzi yoncwadi, kodwa amaqabane aqinisekile umhlobo omtsha kubuchule bakhe obukhethekileyo obukhethekileyo. Ipeyintwe ngenkxaso enjalo, uKozma wabhala i-ficy "fantasy". Umsebenzi wade ubeke iqonga le-Alexandria, kodwa ngoko nangoko yawa yangqungqa kwabasemagunyeni kwaye ayivumelekanga.
Emva koko umbhali osandulukileyo waqala ukubhala i-basen yase-Bassen, emva konyaka, unyaka wayeya kupapasha ingqokelela yemisebenzi kunye nomzobo wakhe, kodwa ukucelwa ukuba kufakwe amavili. Nangona kunjalo, umbhali onesilumko obonwabisayo uprinte iimagazini ze-zatirical.
Ndaye ndahlala kozma Petrovich iminyaka engama-60. NgoJanuwari 13, 1863, intliziyo yombhali omkhulu yayeka ngexesha lomsebenzi kwiindinyana ezilandelayo.
Iingxelo kunye nee-phorisms
Ibhokhwe Rods yayingabemi ngokupheleleyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi. Ipeni ebukhali yayingengoyiki iingoma kunye nemidlalo, iidram kunye neentsomi, ezipigram namanzi amanzi. Kwaye luhlobo luni lwempikiswano otyhidiweyo umbhali otyhilekileyo kumanqaku entatheko! Uyilo lwakhe lwazisa umhlaba we-tronet, kwaye iikowuteshini zaba ngamabinzana agqunywe:Siphila, iminyaka yokufunda. "Amaqanda akafuni amatyeli amabini. Ukuba umthombo, uwuvalile; Nika ukuphumla kunye nomthombo! I-LERes engcambuleni! Bathetha ntoni abanye ngawe, ukuba ungayithethanga nantoni na ngawe? Ukuba ufuna ukonwaba, kuya kubizwa elangeni, tyhala amehlo akho, kwaye ngenkalipho uwabona ngenkalipho kuyo. Ukuba ubuzwa: Yintoni eluncedo, ilanga okanye inyanga? -Ukufumanisa: inyanga. Kuba ilanga likhanya phakathi kwemini yokukhanya; Kwaye inyanga inobusuku. Apho isiqalo esiphelela khona isiqalo? Bhengeza ukuba kukho okuncinci, kodwa kulungile. Ngomntu omnye, unyamezele enye i-tokmo kwi indawo yokuhlala. Kunzima ukugqiba: A) ukutya ukutya okuhle; b) Ukuthetha nomhlobo kubuyiswa kwiphulo kwaye c) ukukhangela apho i-ITCLE.Iinyani ezinomdla
- I-phenomenon yeKozma Prutkova iphawulwe kwizikhumbuzo. Ukukhupha umbhali wezobhedu kuhombisa ithemba le-fumbbarova-lucinsky eKrisimisi enqanawengi. Ewe kunjalo, umyinge wawunxibe "ilizwe" lika-Prutkov - i-bist ifakwe kwilali lelali yaseVidaze (i-LEPECK). Kwindawo ekufutshane nale ndawo yakuqokelelwa kuyo "abazali" ababeqokelele kuyo. Kwaye ikratshi lomyalelo wolonwabo kwi-bryansk yiholo "ye-PRTOvsky", apho abatyeleli beziqhelanise nobuchule bombhali we-bass kunye nemidlalo.
- I-cinema ayizange idlule ziimfihlo zoncwadi. Ukusuka kwibinzana malunga nomthombo weKozma Prutkova kuqala "kuMqulu" (1988) Umlawuli Yuri yam.
- Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-90 yenkulungwane edluleyo, umthendeleko wokuqala we-Prurtptkov wabanjwa, nto leyo eyaphawula ukuqala komthendeleko we-satire nehlekisayo. Isiqubulo semisitho, kunjalo, sibolekwe kumbhali: "Ukujonga umhlaba, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungamangaliswa."
- Ukuzukiswa kwesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-200 yomlinganiswa, ipremiyamu ye-parodirs "yeva i-Kozma" yavela.
- Ukusukela ngo-2004, ukuqokelelwa ngokupheleleyo kwezincoko ezilindelweyo kulinde umfundi kwisiza esikhulileyo, esinikezelwe kwi-pards.