Imbali yomlinganiswa
Kukho imisebenzi yoncwadi ebonisa umoya wexesha ngcono kuneencwadi zembali. Kuluhlu olunjalo, unokwenza "umoya weJane" charlotte "uMiguel De Presetes," ukusuka kwi-thoehe.
Ewe, intlekele yemfihlakalo neye gothtic yafumana isihlwele sabalandeli kwihlabathi liphela, namagama amaqhawe atyunjelwe. ERussia, ukuguqulelwa komsebenzi weWarlock, olwenziwe malunga neminyaka engama-60 ubudala, yazibandakanya eBoris Prisak, uValery Brusov, uNikoasius Fet, uNikoasius Fet, abanye abameli bencwadi ye-Diasporav.
Ukongeza, intlekele yayiyincwadi ayithandayo nguMikhail Bulgakov, obolekayo yeyelenqe lokungafunekiyo ukudala i "MATE NE-MARGARITA". Nangona uMbhali we "Intliziyo yenja" yokuthi quand ayinamfihlo, abaphandi bavuma ukuba uSathana ufanayo 'nenxalenye yamandla ahlala efuna ububi kwaye ahlala efumana ingenelo "- iMephistofel.
Imbali yendalo
Imbongi enkulu yaseJamani uJohann Wolfgang goethe wasebenza kwi-bitched yengqondo yakhe, ngoko ke abafundi bakhe bazalisekisa imbongi ye-palati yexesha eliphantsi kwengcinezelo yelo gama elithi "Izaqhwithi kunye ne-Onsla" kwaye ziphela thando.
Lo msebenzi, owazisa uGeethe Lavra Imbeko, wakhulelwa ngumbhali esemgangathweni wama-22 ukuya kwe3, kwaye waphumelela kuye ngaphambi kokuba afe. Ewe kunjalo, umbhali uneminye imisebenzi efanelekileyo eyenze ilifa loncwadi, kodwa yayiyinto "eyenzeka" eyaba phezulu kwimibongo yaseJamani.
I-wizard yaphefumlelwa yiTlklore yamandulo; Ngokwembali, i-guust yayineprototype, eyayihlala kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane ye-16. UJohann Worjn Gehaor I-Georg i-Georg ingugqirha oqinileyo kunye ne-warnik, i-biography yakhe iba sisihloko esivuthayo kwimibhalo yoncwadi.
Ke ngoko, uGoethe akangomntu ongenamva konke konke, kuba umsebenzi obizwa ngokuba "ngamabali ngogqirha uJohanne Fauste, oyena mntu udumileyo". Ukongeza, uJacob Michael Lenz, uFriderrich Maximilian Naterian kunye nabanye ababhali, kwaye amakhiwane athile ahlala esebenzisa eli qhawe nge-pantomim kunye nemigaqo yePuppet ihlala isetyenziswa.
Ngokweentsomi, iintsontelo ezincinci zafumana isidanga se-bachelor kwi-theologlogy, emva koko saqala ukufundisisa "umlingo ofanelekileyo" kwiYunivesithi yaseKrakou. Emva kokuba uJohann eqondwe nge "Aza Isayensi", waya entshonalanga kwihlabathi liphela, apho wazinikeleyo kumlingo phambi kwamehlo othuleyo kwaye wathi wakwazi ukudala imimangaliso kaYesu Krestu, ngokunjalo Ukubuyisela imisebenzi yakhe yokufumana intanda-bulumko yakudala, iPlato okanye iAristotle.
Kungokwemvelo ukuba abasemagunyeni babengazithandi izinto zokufika kukaJohann, ababethe abantu abadlulayo yonke into engeyiyo. Ke ngoko, kwakamsinya, i-goust yathunyelwa e-Isolstadt, kwaye amagunya aphezulu, iintloko ze-Nuremberg, zazinqanyulwa "eSodom enkulu kunye ne-necromancer kunye nentsimi yedolophu. I-goethe ayikwazanga kunceda kodwa ikhuthaze isimilo esinemibala, kodwa kumaphepha oncwadi abizwa ngokuba yiHenry ophambili, hayi igama layo.
Ngexesha ukusuka nge-1774 ukuya kwi-1775, uGeethe wabhala umsebenzi "we-goethe wabhala", emele abafundi bomlinganiswa ophambili njengocelomngeni kwindalo yonke. Ngo-1790, imilawuli yeevenkile zeNcwadi yabona indlela "i-fausta", kwaye inxenye yokuqala yapapashwa kuphela ngo-1808. Inxalenye yokuqala yentlekele iphawulwa yindawo kunye nokwanela izidalwa, ngelixa ukwakhiwa kwesibini kukho inani elipheleleyo.
Kwinxalenye yesibini yentlekele, uGoethe waqala kwiminyaka eli-17 kamva. Kufanelekile ukuthi kunzima ukuqonda umfundi ongakulungelanga, kuba i-goethe kukuthanda iincwadi kungekuphela kwicebo eligqithisileyo, kodwa nakwizibonakaliso zentanda-bulumko, i-rocials kunye neentsontelo ezingacocekanga. Imbongi ibonisa "abaphulaphuli" ubomi boluntu lwanamhlanje kuye. Ke, umninincwadi uziva enonxibelelwano olungathethekiyo phakathi kwangoku nexesha elidlulileyo.
Isiqephu sikaLena, esasicinga ukuba i-1799, yagqitywa yivesi ngo-1826, kwaye emva kweminyaka emine, i-goephe ihleli ibhala "ubusuku bodidi lwe-classical". Embindini wehlobo lowe-1831, ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, umbhali ugqibe umsebenzi wakhe osisiseko. Okulandelayo, olona hlazo lungafunekiyo ukudala imvulophu kwaye ikhutshelwe kuphela emva kokuba ifile kuphela: Inxalenye yesibini ye "Fausta", kwi-41 yemisebenzi eqokelelweyo ".
Umfanekiso kunye neyelenqe
I-biography ye-biograph yentsomi igubungele i-halo yemfihlakalo. Kuyaziwa ukuba ubomi bakhe bonke yimfuno engenaxhala. Utata wophawu oluphambili yayingugqirha oye wahamba uSimble kwiSayensi.
Ngaphandle kwezinto ezinqamlezileyo zokuphilisa, umzali weeswexe akakwazanga ukugcina zonke izigulana. Ngexesha lobhubhani wesibetho, amawaka abantu abaguli bafa yonke imihla. Emva koko thandaza ngomthandazo ezulwini, ukuze uThixo ayeke ukuhamba. Kodwa ekubeni le ndoda isengalindelanga uncedo, walugatya inkolo waza waqalisa ukubamba ngesayensi. Ukuba ujonga igumbi lokusebenzela elicekeceke, ungasiphawula isibane, iiflegi zeglasi, iityhubhu zovavanyo, iincwadi kunye neekhemikhali.
Ngomsebenzi, umbhali wazisa abafundi kumaphepha okuqala alo msebenzi. I-goeehe yentsudeli yangena ngokufunda intanda-bulumko, kwimbambano malunga nexabiso loluntu kwaye ijonga iingxaki 'zezulu, emhlabeni nesihogo ". Kwimeko yokuqala, iingelosi ezininzi, iMefistofel kwaye ivela uThixo. Incoko yababini iphakama phakathi kwabameli bexesha elilungileyo nokubi, apho igama labantu elichazwe kuqala.
Abalawuli bamazulu baqinisekisa umhendi ukuba ugqirha ulikhoboka elithembekileyo, kwaye uMefisktofele ubona ubume begorha, bamnika isimilo esinjalo:
"Kwaye uyagquma emfazweni, kwaye uyathanda ukuthatha imiqobo, kwaye ubona injongo, i-Darling imke, kwaye ifune isibhakabhaka seenwele kwimbasa kunye nomhlaba obalaseleyo emhlabeni."Ke kaloku uThixo wanika iMekitofefe ithuba lokuhenda i-gesi, ekholelwa ukuba ukunqula komfana kuya kumkhupha nantoni na ebhubhayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umhendi udibana noGqirha xa sele egqibile ukwenza indlela yakhe yobomi.
Umoya ombi weza ezilalini ngelo xesha xa wayecinga ngokuzibulala, kuba yayiphoxekile kwimigudu yakhe. Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-mephistofel, njenge-Wolve, ayifani nawo konke ukuya kumgca ovela kwiintsomi ze-Naiver Folk. Umzekelo, emsebenzini weNikolai Gogol "ebusuku ngaphambi kweKrisimesi", umnini weempondo kunye neempuku zakhe akabonisi ukuba acoceke kwaye akabonakali ukuba angabafundi abangakhethi bububi.
UMephistofel, onqwenela ukuphuma ephumeleleyo ekubhekiswa kuyo, etyhala kwizenzo ezimbi, kodwa ngokungalindelekanga kwinto ephambili " Into yokuqala ekufuneka impikiswano inika umntu oqhelene naye kukuya kwi-cabac yendawo yomthendeleko wabafundi. UMtyholi unethemba lokuba i-teund iyakubamba ixesha lakhe kwinkampani yeziselo ezishushu kwaye iyakukhathalela, kuba inqaba yakhe ayizamkeli uMbutho wabaFakelo.
Ke, ngoncedo lobugqwirha baselwandle, uMtyholi ubuyisela ingcinga kulutsha ngethemba lokuba ugqirha oguqulayo unyamekela iimvakalelo zothando. Ewe, ugqirha uwela eluthandweni nobuhle beMargarita, kodwa apha iMefistofel yenziwa, kuba le nkalo yesayensi ithathelwe indawo uthando lokwenene.
Ukukhusela
Le ntlekele ngomzabalazo wokulungileyo nokubi waba ngumxholo owuthandayo wabalawuli, ngoko ke ii-chimoman ze-avvien zabona kude nokuba kukhuselwe "i-guust" edumileyo "ityhubhu" eyaziwayo "ityhubhu" eyaziwayo. Uluhlu lwethu luye lwathandwa kakhulu.
I-guust (1926)
Umlawuli waseJamani wefilimu uFriderich Wilhelm Mlilouu waphefumlelwa yintsomi yaseJamani kwaye ungeniswe kuluntu imovie ethe cwaka. Iplastiki yefilimu ayifani kakhulu kubumnene: ingelosi ingelosi, noSathana, oqhayisa malunga nokulukuhla nawuphi na umntu ofayo emhlabeni, ophantsi kwe-alchemist edumileyo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iindawo zokugcina iifilimu zazingasekelwanga kuphela emsebenzini we-goehe, kodwa nakwindalo yomnye umbhali, imbongi yesiNgesi uChristopher Marlo. Iindima eziphambili ziye zaya kubadlali baka-Assist ukuya e-Emily Murter (Guard) kunye no-Emily Yoknnings (Mefistofel).
"Ubuhle bukaMtyholi" (1950)
UClaire ohlaziyikileyo cress clare isuse ifilimu esekwe kwintlekele, ebonelela ngeyelo lokuqala lokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo. Lo mfanekiso uxelela indlela i-mephistofel ye-propestofel inikezela ngayo i-proissos faust ukuze ifumane ulutsha nobuhle, kwaye uyavuma ngaphandle kokucinga. Ngoku eyona njongo kaMefistopel kukwenza ngokukhawuleza umphefumlo wesigulana sakhe.
UMiche Sun, Gerard Philip, Paolo Rotpa, iGaston Modo nabanye bangenele into eqaqambileyo.
I-theust (2011)
Umlawuli waseRussia uAlexander Sokiurov naye akazange abene-timen kwaye abethwe ngabathandekayo be-cinema ngombono wakhe we-goust, kwaye uMdali woMthendeleko weFilTenel Venetian venet.
Icebo lijikeleza inxalenye yokuqala yomsebenzi we-poice, kwaye abaphulaphuli bayonwabela umgca wothando phakathi kwe-guust nemargarita. I-Alexander Soukiurov ivunyelwe ukuba izame kwimifanekiso engalibalekiyo kubadlali-Tahanes Tsayler, Anton Adasinsky, iSolda duhhulhuk noHannah Shigullah.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Ngo-2014, uthotho lweTV "waqalwa iAlchemik kumabonwakude. I-Gueul Elixir, "apho iindima eziphambili zifumana i-Igor Pespeko, i-Svetlana Ivanova, Viktov Rukov kunye ne-Yevgeny Dobrovolkaya. Ngaphandle kwegama elibangela umdla, ifilimu ye-SIGUU ye-SIGUU ikhuphe kuphela umsebenzi we-goehe, kuba umfanekiso uxela indawo eyimfihlo kwii-alchemists abafuna ukuyazi inyaniso.
- I-Goee ifakwe kwikhawuntari yencwadi ye-Rembrandt, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Alchemist kuye kwiKhabhinethi." Kodwa ngenkulungwane ye-18, igama lalo mbambano latshintshwa laba ligcub.
- Umqambi waseFrance uCharles humo goura oqulunqwe "ture", kwaye i-Libratto yabhalwa nge-Jul Barbier kunye neMichele Carre.
- Intlekele ibonisa iintlobo ezimbini zezazinzulu: I-guust, ngubani ofuna ukwazi inyaniso, ngokusekelwe kumava obomi akhe, kwaye i-ankpode yakhe yobomi yincwadi yobomi kunye nemfihlakalo yendalo kuphela inokuvula kuphela imisebenzi yesayensi kuphela ngabemi bandulelayo.
Iikowuti
"Ngoku-oda, esamkela isigqibo,Ubuncinci ixabiso lokutshabalalisa. "" Kwimali eyaziwayo, akukho nzuzo
Imfuno enye engaziwayo. "Kodwa kwakhona, i-walahli, kwaye yehla,
Kwaye kuvuza iingcinga, kunye neqela.
Rhoqo kangakanani lo mdaka
Emva kophawu olufikayo! "
Iliwa elonwabileyo kunye nelitye elinonwabanga.
Ukuqina kuyanda
Ubuze bufumene umntu. "" Funda ngokunyaniseka impumelelo
Kwaye utsalane nengqondo.
Kunye ne-phabbelies, crap enjenge-echo,
Inyani kwaye ayifuneki ngumntu. "