Imbali yomlinganiswa
Ukubala iMonte Cristo - isimilo seRoma Alexandra Duma, obonise umzekelo wamandla oMoya onganyanisekanga womoya. Uthando kunye nokuziphindezela, ukungcatsha kunye nokunxanelwa ubomi, ukungqubana okukhanyisayo kunye nezintweni ezibonakalayo-umbhali waseFransi wenza ubugcisa behlabathi.Imbali yendalo yempawu
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-Xix, uAlexander Duma wayedla ngokuzingca enesihloko soMbhali we-Adventure ye-Adventure, ehambelana nohlobo olutsha lwephepha-ferton. Ngezo ntsuku, iimvakalelo zazibizwa ngokuba yimisebenzi ehamba egumbini kwigumbi elinamanqaku "iyaqhubeka".
Ixesha elide, umbhali wayehleli ngokuqinileyo kwitrone ye-fechelolonist ephambili kwi-fechelonistist enkosi "kwiMusketers" ezintathu ", kodwa xa sele umntu esebenza naye ePeru Eugene Xu akwazi ukugqitha kwi-Gugene yeMisebenzi yezeMbali. Impumelelo yenoveli yakhe "Iimfihlo Zakhe zatsala abafundi baye kwicebo elibekwe kwiimeko zokuphila. Uluntu lwadibana ngovuyo ithuba lokuba 'yi-piry kwi finoki "ngobomi babameli becandelo eliphezulu loluntu.
UAlexander Duma wagqiba ngokukhawuleza isizathu sokuthandwa kobuchule bokhuphiswano kwaye waphinda wakhangela umbono wombono, apho iziganeko zobomi bemicimbi yexeshana ziya kuchazwa. Inqaku lephephandaba elivela kwi-Chronicle Commicle ivele kwimemori - imbali efanele ifanelekile yincwadi yonke. Iprototypety ye-Contre Monte Cristo ibizwa ngokuba yiFrancois Pico. I-Shoemar enyanisekileyo nethozamileyo eyafikayo kwidolophu enkulu yaseFransi ivela kwidolophu ye-HIDE ye-HARD, iyothusa intombi yakhe kwintsapho esisityebi egama linguMargarita. Abazali balungiselele iintombi ezili-100 francs.
Abahlobo abanomona babhala ibhonasi enobuxoki malunga namagunya aseFransi malunga ne-Espionage yomfana eNgilane, kwaye iPika ifikile iminyaka esixhenxe ezivaleni, ukuba zingakwazi ukuziqonda ukubanjwa. Kwakula mabali amangalisayo kunye ne-subcoff ukuya kwigumbi elingummelwane, kunye nokuqhelana nomlinganiswa ophambili nombingeleli ogulayo, kunye nemfihlakalo yobutyebi efihlwe e-Itali. Xa igunya le-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-Francois laphuma ejele. Phantsi kwegama lentsomi, indoda yabuya kwikomkhulu laseFrance, ishumi leminyaka lokuzinikela kumqobo kubahlobo abangakhathaliyo.
Iidumos zabamba iziganeko zezona ntsuku zidlulileyo, zaphinda zacebisa abalinganiswa bepeyinti, i-adventires ye-adventires yegorha elibizwa ngokuba yi-E-Edomon. Igama lesibini --la iMonte Cristo - wavela emva kohambo lukabhali ngo-1942 kwisiqithi se-Elba nomtshana oselula eNapoleon Boapaparte. Apha uMbhali oncome ubuhle kunye neentsomi zeMoteccricto Island, kwaye igama ngokwalo labangela lonto. Ngaphezulu kwemithanga ye-nons yentiyo, uDumas asebenze ngo-1844-1845, kwangaxeshanye abafundi bafumana imveliso kwifomathi yemagazini.
I-biegraphy kunye nomfanekiso we-conter ceristo
I-Edmond Dentes ngumlingi oselula, amanzi angenasiphelo angenasiphelo kwinqanawa "uFaro". Inkcazo yokubonakala kwegorha i-phantse iphantse ayinikeli ngqalelo: Intsomi ikhankanywe ukuba ilungile, ikhule kakhulu, "enezandla ezincinci kunye nemilenze, njengabo bonke abanye abantu." Ekupheleni kukaFebruwari 1815, ume kwisithuba sendlela yomthendeleko wePrieni, ephumeza intando yokugqibela yendoda efileyo, ukuba idluliselwe iphakheji yemfihlo i-Marshal Berran. Ngembuyekezo, i-Danves ifumana ileta eya kuziswa kwikomkhulu laseFransi kwaye inike uMnu. Naturge, ilungu leyelenqe lokubuyela kwitrone yoMlawuli we-Overshoe.Ngeli xesha, umnini wenqanawa wanika uEdend ukuma ngokusemthethweni kwivili lokubetha "kodwa izicwangciso azizaliswa ziyinyaniso. Owona mlinganiswa uphambili sele ifunyenwe ziintshaba-Lo ngumhlobi onomona weNkampani, uFirman Fernand Fernand ferdomogo, uneembono zeMercedes yakhe, ubuhle, kunye notata wakhe, owonakalisa uyise.
UBathathu Emnye wadibana kwiTavern, apho u-douglar wabhala khona ngokungaziwayo ngesandla sakhe sasekhohlo, ebhekiswe kumtshutshisi willform-kumyalezo ovavanya uhambo lwe-Elbe. Ityala alikwazanga ukufumana intshukumo, kuba ukwakhiwa kolwaphulo-mthetho bekungekho. Kodwa ekunciniba, umtshutshisi, ukufunda le leta kwafunyanwa kwi-Elbe, yoyikiswa: Umbeki we-Noryatier nguTata wakhe wezemfundo.
Ukuze ungabandakanyeke kumdlalo oyingozi osongela umtshutshisi ngokuvalelwa kunye nokukwazi ukutshata, i-Vilor ithatha isigqibo sokungatshisi umyalezo, kodwa kwakhona ukususa i-donte. Ke usona nomongi-msulwa wobuphila bonke entolongweni, entolongweni ngenxa yamabanjwa ezopolitiko - kwinqaba yefuthe lokuba, eyakhiwe phakathi kolwandle.
Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, i-Dantes yase-Edoming ye-Edoming iyakufa, ukwala ukutya, kodwa kwakrexeza i-Gracleculang ngenxa yodonga kwaye ifuna ukwenza eyedwa-umntu uzama ukwenza le subuple. Ukuphathwa kweentsuku kuyadlula kwimisebenzi, kwaye, ekugqibeleni, abamelwane badibana. Ibanjwa i-Abbot eBabia lawela kwinqaba iminyaka emine ngaphambi kokuba inciniba.
I-Studgeng Toneng Tunnels, indoda endala yayinethemba lokufika eludongeni lwangaphandle ukuze utyhile ungene elwandle ngenkululeko endelelweyo. Amadoda agqibe ndawonye ukufezekisa le ncwadi imbi kakhulu kunye, kodwa i-abbot yabetha isigulo esingenathemba. Ngaphambi kokuba afe, waxelela umntu malunga nobutyebi obungathandekiyo kwi-Mout Cristo Island.
U-Edmonde wakwazi ukukhohlisa umlindi, efihla ebhegini elungiselelwe indoda efileyo. Iflegi ihlala ingabonwa, kwaye iqhawe likhutshwe kulwandle oluvulekileyo. Kwinkampani ye-smuggler ifumana ubuncwane kwesi siqithi kwaye, iguqukela ekubeni sisityebi seli lizwe, igqiba kwelokuba sifumane isizathu sokuvalelwa kwakhe.
Kwingubo yombingeleli, usaya eKadrussu ngomyalezo olusizi - i-Edmond Danves wayalela ixesha elide ukuba liphile. Owayesengaphambi kokuba uBuddy uxela yonke into njengomoya malunga neleta engaziwayo, kunye nenyaniso yokuba utata kaJesta wasweleka yindlala, kwaye uMercedes akazange alinde umyeni, esamkela isindululo se-monden.
UDants uthatha isigqibo sokuziphindezela kubani abawulawulayo. Kwenzeka iminyaka elithoba, elichitha igorha lokuhamba, imfundo kunye nolwakhiwo lwentendeni yabo kwesi siqithi, apho ubuncwane sele bufumane khona.
Nje ukuba i-dantes, phantsi kwegama leMonte Cristo, iba ngumsebenzi ophakamileyo we-Sphakamileyo yaseFrance, ekunyanzekisweni ukukhanya kwembeko kunye nobutyebi. Indoda iqala icebo eliyimpumelelo ngononophelo. Ngenxa yoko, uKadruss wasweleka ngenxa yokubawa kwakhe, uFernan wazibulala, uFedan waphambana, kwaye uDougur walawula waya kubaleka kwilizwe lakhe. Nangona kunjalo, endleleni, yaye yafunyanwa ngabantu abasebenza kubabalo.
Ukudinwa yimpindezelo, i-Edmond Danjance iqonda ukuba ikrele lakhe lobulungisa alibonisi nabantu abamsulwa abaye bangena ngengozi. Iqhawe lithatha isigqibo sokuyeka. Ukuncama ubomi bukaDangra kunye nokushiya iMonte yeArdel Cristo kwilifa unyana yomnini wenqanawa "noFaro" nomtshakazi wakhe, uDayits datma engaziwayo wanikela kunye nokubekwa esweni kwesikhokelo.
Uhlobo lweqhawe kuphononongo lwabantu ababephila ngaphambili awuzange uhlale ungalingani. I-Danves ngumvelisi okhethekileyo, kodwa phantsi kwebandekaso kunye nokungabi nanceba kufihla intliziyo ebalaseleyo. Eyona njongo iphambili yenoveli ayisiyo nje ukukhula kunye nokuvuthwa kobuntu bakhe, kodwa inguqu epheleleyo yesimilo, inguqu yangaphandle neye yangaphakathi. I-Dumas idale umtsalane, umfanekiso ongaqondakaliyo otsala abafundi beminyaka.
Kwi-DUMAS Russian Dumas ukuya kwezona nkcukacha zincinci, wacinga ngembuyekezo yomntu owonileyo, ngoko ke iikowuti zempindezelo kunye nokudelela ngenxa yendawo ekhethekileyo kwiNcwadi "yeMonte Cristo".
Bala iMonte Cristo kwiifilimu
Ukulungelelaniswa kwefilimu yomsebenzi odumileyo waseAlexander Duma akazicingi, ngenxa yoko kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele okona kuqaqambileyo. Okokuqala, le yifilimu "I-Compofilim", iMonte Cristo ", yadutyulwa ngo-1954. Kumlawuli wokupeyinta uRobert Verne waqokelela iinkwenkwezi ze-rinema ye-European, eyona ndima iphambili yokunika uJan Mare.
Ababukeli abavela e-USSR ngo-1988, bephefumla, babukele ukufihlwa kwenoveli, ebutshintsha igama 'kwimbanjwa yenqaba ". Umlawuli we-georgy georgy georgy jungold-khilkevich wazisa igrafu ngapha kwegrafu kube kanye: iViktor Aavilov i-Edmon Deesting - e-Evgeny Dvaretsky - e-Evgeny Dvaretsky - ebutsheni bakhe.
Umlawuli UJose Daian wazisa umsebenzi oqaqambileyo apho iGerard i-GerardIeU kunye ne-Ornell Buutu ngokungagungqiyo. Inkulumbuso yochungechunge "ukubala iMonte Cristo" yenzeka ngo-1998.
Okokugqibela, i-cinema fans ichithe ifilimu yemveliso edibeneyo yaseMelika, iBritain eBritane neIreland. Iintlawulo ezivela kwirenti ye "REATA CRISTO" (2002) kunye noJames Cavizel kabini kudlule kwixabiso elichithwe ekudubeni.
Inqaku lenoveli laba sisiseko soMculo we-4 kunye nomculo "i-i-idomen mintoni".
Iinyani ezinomdla
- UAlexander Duma, kunye nawo nawuphi na umntu ofayo, ephupha ngobutyebi abangaqhelekanga nobomi obunempilo. Ngelishwa, yayiyinoveli malunga nendoda eyachukunyiswanga nentolongo kwaye ityebile, yazisa umbhali embhali. Umbhali wafumana umrhumo omkhulu kupapasho, olungazange luchithe lula, kodwa amadunas ayonwabisa ngokufutshane ubutyebi. Umbhali uthenge eyakhe iqonga lemidlalo yeqonga kunye nephephandaba, kodwa usomashishini akazange aphume kuye - waya ebhankini. Indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo yakufuneka ithengise kwi-audition.
- Igama lomlinganiswa ophambili ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukubala uMonte-Cristo kubizwa ngokuba ngabantu, ngequbuliso kwaye bavunyelwe ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa ixesha labo elidlulileyo ligutyungelwe yimfihlakalo.
- Kukho iinoveli eziqhubekayo ezinxulunyaniswa nguDuma ngokwakhe okanye kunyana wakhe, kodwa eneneni, zigweba ngeempawu zesitayile kunye nolwimi, zingababubhali bePeru.
- Kwinjongo yothotholo, i-anite eyi-24 ye-anial yadutyulwa. Inyathelo lakhe lisenzeka kwikamva elikude, kodwa ababhali bakwazi ukugcina izinto ze-aesthetics zeFrance endala.
Iikowuti
Kubonakala ngathi ukuba uThixo ulibele ngathi ukuba okusesikweni kwakhe kukudemba; Kodwa kungekudala wasikhumbula, kwaye obu bubungqina. Ndiqinisekile ukuba ukufa kunokuphunyezwa, kodwa akunjalo ngentlawulelo. Ngokwekratshi laphakathi, abantu bakulungele ukubetha i-ax, kwaye xa iqhayiya labo lingcambu ngenaliti, bayakhwaza. Imali yeengwenya, njengoko uKarl Moore watsho! Ndiyakuqonda, ngamaxesha onke ukuba uzifanele.I-Bibliography
- 1844 - "Bala uMonte Cristo"
I-filmography
- Ngo-1908 - "Taume Cristo" (i-USA)
- I-1908 - "Taume Cristo (Italy)
- Ngo-1910 - le nto ejele ejele ye-D'ukuba (iFrance)
- I-1910 - "Mone Cristo" (i-USA)
- Ngo-1917 - "i-rante ye-dolophu yanamhlanje" (i-USA)
- Ngo-1922 - "Monte Cristo" (i-USA)
- Ngo-1929 - Monte Cristo (iFrance)
- Ngo-1934 - "phakathi kwe-conte ye-dolophukalo" (i-USA)
- Ngo-1942 - "ukubalwa kweMonte Cristo" (Mexico)
- Ngo-1942 - "Bala iMonte Cristo" (iFrance, i-Itali)
- Ngo-1946 - "unkosikazi iMonte Cristo" (i-USA)
- Ngo-1954 - "Bala uMonte Cristo" (saseMexico, iArgentina)
- Ngo-1961 - "Bala uMonte Cristo" (Italy, France)
- Ngo-1968 - "ubuyisela iMonte Cristo" (iFrance)
- Ngo-1975 - "Tala iMonte Cristo" (United Kingdom, Italy)
- Ngo-1979 - "Bala uMonte Cristo" (iFrance, i-Itali, iJamani)
- Ngo-1988 - "ibanjwa lenqaba yokuba" (i-USSR, iFrance)
- 1998 - "Bala uMonte Cristo" (Germany, France, i-Itali)
- 2002 - "TART MONTO Cristo" (i-USA, United Kingdom, Ireland)
- Ngo-2008 - "Montecristo" (iRomaria)