Imbali yomlinganiswa
UGrery Grenokv - umlinganiswa ophambili wenoveli "othuleyo", engaphumelelanga indawo yakhe kwilihlabathi elitshintshayo. Kwimeko yeziganeko zembali, i-mikhail sholokhiv ibonise ikamva elinzima le-doski ye-dor cossack, ngubani onokuthanda ukuthanda kwaye alwe nokuzinikela.Imbali yendalo
Ukucinga ngenoveli entsha, i-Mikhail Sholonokhov ayizange icinge ukuba lo msebenzi uza kuwa kwi-Epopeus. Yonke iqalisekile emsulwa. Embindini we-Autumn ka-1925, umbhali waqalisa izahluko zokuqala "zokuqala" - emva koko wabizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi lowo wayefuna ukubonisa ubomi be-don cossocks ngexesha lokuhamba. Ukususela ekuqaleni, amagqabantshintshi ahamba nomkhosi weCornilov kwiPetrograd. Ngequbuliso umbhali wayeka umbono wokuba abafundi abanakuziqonda iinjongo zokucinezelwa kwentshayelelo ngaphandle kwekona kwikona ekude.
Kuphela kamva, isicwangciso sivuthiwe: ERomaniil Alexandrovich sasifuna ukubonisa ubomi babantu kwi-prosm yeziganeko zembali ezenzeka kwixesha lokusukela ngo-1914 ukuya ku-1921. Ikamva lentlungu yabalinganiswa abaphambili, kubandakanya i-Grigoria Melekhov, yayikukuba kuso kwizihloko ze-Epic, kwaye oku bekusondele ukuba waziqhelanisa nezithethe kunye nabalinganiswa babemi be-Cossack. Umbhali 'othuleyo don "wafudukela kwilizwe lakhe, kwilali yaseVishnevskaya, apho wangena khona ebomini'.
Ukukhangela abalinganiswa abaqaqambileyo kunye nemozulu ekhethekileyo, eyazinza kumaphepha omsebenzi, umbhali waphula ubumelwane, edibana namaNgqina okuqala kwemfazwe kunye neminyhadala yemfazwe yokuqala, eqokelelene ne-monsms kunye nemiba yendawo yengingqi Abemi, kunye ne-moscow evuthuzayo kunye ne-rostov elugcinweni lokukhangela inyani ngobomi belo Dick iminyaka.
Okokugqibela, ivolumu yokuqala ye "DoNA eyothuleyo" yabona ukukhanya. Yabonakala imikhosi yaseRussia kwimigca yemfazwe. Incwadi yesibini yongeza i-Cool kaFebruwari kunye nohlaziyo luka-Okthobha, i-echoes yayo idluliselwe kwi-Don. Kuphela kwiinxalenye ezimbini zokuqala zeNovel Sholookhov yabekwa malunga namakhulu amagorha, kwixesha elizayo badityaniswa nabalinganiswa abangama-70. Lilonke, i-Epic yolule kwimiqulu emine, eyokugqibela yagqitywa ngo-1940.
Umsebenzi wapapashwa kwimpapasho "Oktobha", "Roman-Gazeta", "Ilizwe Elitsha", ukoyisa ngokukhawuleza kwabafundi. Bathenge iimagazini, bathenga abahleli ngohlolo, kunye nombhali-iileta. Iincwadana zeHoroes ze-Soviet ibonwa njengentshutshiso. Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezifuywayo, kunjalo, uGregory MeleKhov wathetha.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, kwiSloct yokuqala UGregory wayengekho, kodwa ndadibana nomlinganiswa oneli gama kumabali okuqala - apho iqhawe sele linexesha elizayo "." I-prototype yabaphandi beMelleKhov ye-Sholokhiv ithathela ingqalelo i-cossack erlampoov, igwetywe ekupheleni kwe-20s kudubula. Umbhali ngokwakhe akazange aqwalaselwe njengoko le ndoda yaba yiPrototypey yebhayili. Ngeli xesha, i-mikhail alexandrovich ngexesha lokuqokelelwa kwembali yesiseko sembali yadibana ne-Ermakov kwaye yakhokelela kwimbalelwano kunye naye.
Biography
Inoveli icwangciselwe zonke iintlobo zobalo zobomi be-Grigory MeleKhov phambi kwemfazwe nasemva koko. UDon Cossack wazalwa ngonyaka we-1892 kwifama yeTatar (i-veshinskaya yelali), ngelixa usuku lokuzalwa lungabonisi umbhali. Utata wakhe we-Penals kaMelekihov ukhe wakhonza njengokuphumeza kwi-Ataban Lobe Gollofi, kodwa kubudala. Ubomi bomntu oselula kude kubekho ixesha lokuthula, kwimicimbi eqhelekileyo yemigangatho ye-Peas: Pouch, ukuloba, ukhathalela uqoqosho. Ebusuku - Iintlanganiso ezinamava obuhle nobuhle be-Akskgerni Astakhova, inenekazi lokutshata, kodwa lithandana nomfana oselula.
Utata wakhe ungonelisekanga yile ngcwalisa kwaye ungxama ngokungxama unyana wakhe kwintombazana engathandangayo - i-hugtu natalia karshunova. Nangona kunjalo, umtshato awuyisombuli ingxaki. UGregory uyaqonda ukuba abakwazi ukulibala i-AXINHA, ngoko iphosa iqabane elisemthethweni kwaye lihlala nenkosikazi yakhe kwiPan yepani yendawo. Usuku lwehlobo lwe-1913 likaMelekithov luba nguYise-intombi yakhe yokuqala yavela emhlabeni. Ulonwabo lwesi sibini lwavela ukuba lifutshane: Ubomi batshabalalisa iMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, ebizwa ngokuba nguGregory ukuba awunike uxanduva kwilizwe lakhe.
I-Memelev ilwelwe kumkhosi wokuzincama nangokuzilahlela, kwenye yemilo awayeyilwa neliso. Ukuze ube nesibindi segorha, umnqamlezo we-Georgievsky kunye nokwanda kwesikhundla saphawulwa, kwaye kwixesha elizayo, iicomputer ezintathu kunye neembasa ezine ziya kongezwa kumadoda aphumelele amabhaso. Ii-interptions zezopolitiko zegorha. Ukuqhela esibhedlele kunye neGolhevik igarari, omenza iqinisekile ekungabikho kokusesikweni komgaqo wasebukhosini.
Ngeli xesha, uGregory Melekhova elindele umlo-u-Akshen, obulawa yintlungu (ukusweleka kwentombazana encinci), enike inkosi yoNyana kaKery. Indoda yaseburhulumenteni eyafika okokuqala yayingaxolelwa kwaye ibuyele kwiqabane elisemthethweni, elalizalela kamva abantwana.
Kwimfazwe yamakhaya, uGregory nyuka uye kwicala le "bomvu". Kodwa ngo-1918, iphoxekile e-bolsheviks kwaye ingena kwizikhundla zabo bakhokela umvukelo ngokuchasene nomkhosi obomvu kunguDon, uba ngumphathi wecandelo. Ingqumbo enkulu nangakumbi kwi-bolshevings emphefumlweni wegorha ivusa ukusweleka komntakwabo Petro evela ezandleni zomntu welaza, inkxaso enomtsalane wamandla e-nishk kosthevoy.
Ngothando oluphambili, nabo, bahlutha inkanuko - i-grigray ayifumaneki uxolo kwaye iqhekeze ngokwenyani phakathi kwabafazi babo. Ngenxa yeemvakalelo eziphilileyo eAxier I-AleKhov iyasilela ukuphila ngoxolo kusapho. Ukucaphuka kwendoda yakhe yatyhalela uNatalia ukuya kwisisu, nto leyo inxitywa. Ukufa kwangaphambi komfazi yindoda enobunzima, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iqabane, lawa emva, kodwa iimvakalelo ezimdaka.
Ukhubekiso lomkhosi obomvu kwi-Cossacks ye-Cossacks Meleokhov ukuya kuqhuba eNovorossiysk. Apho, iqhawe laqhutywa kwisiphelo esifileyo sangena kwi-bolsheviks. I-1920 iphawulwe kukubuya kwe-grigory kwilizwe lakhe, apho ayahlala kunye nabantwana baka-Aksizi. URhulumente omtsha waqalisa ukutshutshisa 'emhlophe ", kwaye xa sisibaleka kuBun ngobomi" uAksinhu wayenxunguphele. Ukuqiqa kancinci ehlabathini, i-grigomey ibuyela kwilali yakhe, kuba abasemagunyeni bathembisa ngoxolelo luhlaselo lwabavukeli.
I-Mikhail Sholonokhov Beka inqaku kwingxelo yeyona ndawo inomdla kakhulu, kwaye ungaze ufunde abafundi malunga nekamva le-MeleKhov. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nzima ukucinga ukuba yenzeka kuye. Ababhali-mbali babiza abathandi abanomdla kwimidlalo yobuchule bokucinga ngoMhla wokuFumana abantwana bomntu abathanda ukuba badubule i-prototype yakhe - 1927.
Umfanekiso
Utshintsho olunobungozi kunye notshintsho lwangaphakathi noGrery Greryry Melekhova wabizwa ngokuba yinkcazo yenkangeleko yakhe. Ngothando ngommiselo woKhathalelo loKhathalelo lokuphela kwenoveli oguqukayo kwigorha elahliweyo elingwevu nentliziyo enengqondo:
"... Ndandisazi ukuba andisayi kuphinda ndihlekise kuye njengangaphambili; Wayesazi ukuba amehlo akhe ayengqubana kwaye enento etyibilika kakhulu i-cheeeeenes, kwaye kwimbono yakhe, wayenokuqaqamba ngakumbi ukukhanya kwenkohlakalo engenantsingiselo. "UGregory yikholeri eqhelekileyo: i-cholegement, inomsindo, oshushu kwaye ingalingani, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kwimicimbi yothando kunye nobudlelwane nendalo esingqongileyo. Umlinganiswa weqhawe eliphambili le "DoNA eyothuleyo" yi-Alofay yenkalipho, iqhawe nokuthamba, inkanuko kunye nokuthobeka, intiyo kunye nobubele obungenasiphelo zazinxulumana.
I-Sholookhov yadala iqhawe ngomphefumlo ovulekileyo enokubakho kwimfesane, uxolelo kunye nobuqhophololo obuvela kwi-goer, khusela iFranv ngasemva komgongu, ngaphandle kwemfazwe ye-Atakhov, Utshaba lwakhe lutshaba, umyeni ka-Axigy
Ukukhangela inyani ye-MEEKHOV, abomvu ukuya kuthi babe senyongweni, ngenxa yoko, iba yimfihlakalo, engathathi elinye icala. Indoda ibonakala igorha lokwenene lexesha lakhe. Intlungu yakhe ilele ebalini ngokwayo, xa ihlalise ubomi ozoyikisayo, iguqula abasebenzi boxolo kubantu ngelishwa. Ukukhangelwa ngokomoya komlinganiswa onikelwe ngokungqalileyo ibinzana lesiRoma:
"Wema emgceni kumzabalazo wesibini, wakhanyela bobabini."Zonke iimpazamo zachithwa kwiimfazwe zemfazwe yamakhaya: Ukuvutha kwi-bolsheviks kunye nokuphoxeka "kwi-gondavis kwenza ukuba igorha lijonge indlela yesithathu kwinguqu, kodwa uyayiqonda." Nje ukuba ubomi obuthandekayo, i-Grigory Melethehov ayifumaneki kuye, ishiye ixesha elifanayo isimilo sabantu kunye nomntu obanzi kwithuba elimiselweyo lelizwe.
Iflethi yeNoveli "Thule don"
I-epic ye-mikhail ivele ibonakala izihlandlo ezine kwiscreen semidlalo bhanyabhanya. Ngokutsho kweencwadi ezimbini zokuqala ngo-1931, ifilimu e-mull yasuswa, apho iindima eziphambili zenziwa yi-Andrei Apricos (Grigory Melekhov) kunye ne-Emma Cesarian (Aksinha). Kukho amarhe amarhe umbhali odale ukuqhubeka kwe "cwaka don" kubalinganiswa bamaqhawe besi sicwangciso.
Umfanekiso wokubhoboza umsebenzi wawuswa kumboniseli weSoviet ngo-1958 kumlawuli uSergei Gerasimov. Isiqingatha esibi seli lizwe sathandana neqhawe elenziwa nguPeter Glebova. I-Cossack entle ejijekileyo kunye noElina Bystrisksky, obonakala ngokuqinisekileyo kwindima ye-axgery. Umfazi Melekhova Natalia wayedlala iZinaida Kiriyenoko. Amabhaso efilimu aqulathe iipremiyamu ezisixhenxe, kubandakanya idiploma yezalamisi yase-US.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-novel kwinoveli yeSergey Sciarkeruk. Ngaphezu kwefilimu "Trach Don" 2006, iRussia, e-United Kingdom nase-Itali yasebenza. Indima ephambili yavunywa yiRuper Everetta, kwaye imifanekiso yabasetyhini ye-Dolphin yeHlathi (i-Aksnha) no-Alena bovaruk (Natalia).
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ikamva lokugqibela le-doski ye-dossack lalifihliwe iSerlak. Ungcelele lwamanqaku athi cwaka "uDon" waboniswa kwiSishini saseRussia-1 ngasekupheleni kwe-Autumn 2015. Umlawuli othathe inxaxheba kwifilimu yabacweli abancinci: I-Trio Eright Tsachy Tsachuk, i-Polina chelleshov kunye ne-daria ursulak.
Iinyani ezinomdla
Kwinto "don don", i-mikhail Sholonokhov yatyholwa ngokubekwa. "Abaphandi abakhulu be-Epic 'abathathwa ngabaphandi ababiwe kwigosa elimhlophe abasweleka kwimfazwe yamakhaya. Umbhali kwafuneka anciphise umsebenzi ngokubhala ukuqhubeka kwenoveli ngelixa ikhomishini eyodwa yaphandwa ngolwazi olufunyenweyo. Nangona kunjalo, umba wobubhali awukasonjululwa.
Umlingisi we-novice wethiyensi yethiyetha encinci ye-Apricot emva kwePrieeree ye-Premiere "ye-don don" uvukile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngaphambi koko, kwitempile yaseMelpomen, akazange aye enkundleni - akazange anikele ngeendima. Ngomsebenzi, le ndoda nayo ayizange ikhathazeki, funda inoveli xa ukudubula sele kushushu.