I-mikhail lermontov -ibhayiloji, ifoto, ubomi bomntu, iincwadi kunye nokufa

Biography

Ukutshatisa impahla yokuyila i-mingail Lermontov ngenani leminyaka elihlala, kuyacaca ukuba singunobukristu. Kwili-10, waqamba umdlalo wethiyetha yasekhaya, kwintsusa efundwe isiFrentshi, isiJamani kunye nesiNgesi, kwi-15 yabhalwa nguhlelo lokuqala lo mbongo "wabhala idemon" wabhala iDesque ", Kwiminyaka engama-24 -Roma "yeli xesha lethu" Kwaye kwi-26, i-lermontov ayizange.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

I-Mikhail Yigyevich Lermontov yazalelwa ngobusuku buka-Okthobha 15, 18,14 eMoscow. Umakhulu wembongu Elizabeth alekseevna arsencyev yindoda enesifo seStolypin entle. UMphathiswa uPeter Stolypin ucela iimbongi zomzalwana wesibini.

I-Elizabeth enamandla ne-Arsenyev Arsenyev ayifuni kwentombi yomtshato noYuri Lermintov, emkhosini ohle kakhulu ekuhlwempuzeni. Imvelaphi yakhe engathandekiyo evela kwiScoor Georg Leermont ayizange ikhuthaze ukuzithemba kwakhe. Emva kwexesha, iBritane Chur Oxford Asford iphinde iguqulwe i-gooet yelungu lembongi nge-lermonta ngoncedo lohlalutyo lwe-DNA, eqinisekisa amathandabuzo eArsenyeva.

Njengoko lo mfazi waxela kwangaphambili, ubomi bobuqu bentombi kaMasha, 'i "wahlanganisa" etshatileyo kwi-volokut yuri leroki leminyaka eli-16, wayengonwabanga. Umyeni wam waqala ukutshintsha iqabane elincinci kunzima ngokukhawuleza emva komtshato. Waqala inoveli ngesintana yonyana waseJamani wonyana kaMisha, wenza ngasemva amantombazana entendelezo. Ke kaloku umfazi wangcikiva iqabane lakhe, waba nerefeti, wafumana i-punch ebusweni bakhe. I-maria yeminyaka engama-21 i-Arsenieva-lermontova iphela kude kubathengi bezithuthi, eshiya ixesha leMisha elineminyaka emi-2 ubudala.

U-Elizabeth Alekseevna, owayeneminyaka engama-44 ubudala, wawususa umzukulwana kumkhwenyana, e-WornOndov kwi-25 lamawaka ruble. U-Yuri usuka kwi-genec africa yeStolypin, kwaye umakhulu wakuphakamisa i-misha. Umfazi wamkela umzukulwana wakhe kwaye akazange azisole imali ngemfundo nezempilo yakhe. I-mikhail lermontov iqhume inkwenkwe egudileyo yegolide, kwaye umakhulu waqesha umzukulwana waseFrench Gr.

Elizabeth Arsenieva, Gor'omkhulu Mikhail Lermoontov

Utata umkhwekazi onamandla wavunyelwa ukuba ahlangane nonyana wakhe, apho bobabini babandezeleka khona.

"Ndaba lixhoba lokuhletywa," I-Mikhail LermonNtov yakhalaza kamva.

Iminyaka yobutsha kunye nobutsha yekamva, iiklasikhi zenzeka kwilifa le-Tarkthans kwiphondo lePubza. U-Elizabeth Alekseevna uqeshiwe ngemfundo yakhe. Igosa lomkhosi langaphambili lapoleonic, i-Frennerman Cape yafundisa inkwenkwe yaseFrench. Emva kokusweleka kukatitshala, indawo yakhe yamkelwa ngumfuziselo we-Emigdy shandro, ongu-mingail Lermontov kamva ochazwe kumbongo "uSasha", ebiza iMarquis De kunye "neParis Adonis". I-English Windson, owayesazisa lo mfana noncwadi lwesiNgesi, weza kutshintsha uShander. Uthando ngomsebenzi we-Byrona ukusuka kwi-lermontov evela kutitshala waseBritane.

I-TORKTHA KUNYE NEPHONDO LWEPHONDO LENYANGA

I-Mikhail Lermontov ikhule, ukubukela usuku lokuzalwa lobomi belali, ukumamela abalingane kunye neentsomi kunye ne-razin yeshumi elinesithandathu no-Emenzan Pugichev.

Uphawu olunzulu ebomini kunye ne-biby yokuyila i-mikhail lermoontov ishiye uhambo kunye nogogo kwiCaucasus. EGoriachevodsk, inkwenkwana eneminyaka eli-10 ubudala yathandana kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-2 wachitha umyuzi wakhe wokuqala lo mbongo "ukuya kuthi ga".

Imibongo

NgoSeptemba 1828, i-mikhail lermoontov yabhaliswa kwibanga lesi-4 lendlu yedolophu yase-Metropolitan. NgoDisemba, inkwenkwe yatshintshelwa kwibanga lesihlanu, inika umfanekiso kunye nencwadi ye-uford. Lo nyaka ubalulekile kuba i-rimonimov yabalelwa kuye isiqalo soyilo.

Kwindlu yeendwendwe, umntu okwishumi elivisayo wathathwa ukuba abhale iimagazini ezibhalwe ngesandla. Kwenye yazo, igama elithi "kusasa uZarya", imbongi encinci yaba ngumsebenzi oyintloko kwaye yabeka umbongo wokuqala ". Kodwa kwiminyaka emibini emva kokuguqulwa kwegumbi lendwendwe kwi-Gystnasium, Misha ishiye izifundo.

Ihlobo eli-16 le-mikhail le-mikhail lermoontov lichithe kwidolophu, kwilifa leStolypini serentikovo. Izihlobo ze-vestragin zihlala kufutshane. Ndikunye ne-Alexandra Verightchagina Lermontov yayingabahlobo. Intombazana yazisa i-mikhail kunye nomhlobo wakhe, "ubuhle obumnyama" uCatherine Sushkova, apho umfana wathandana khona. Iimvakalelo zembongi ezincinci zashiywa zingaphendulwanga, wabandezeleka. UKatya wahleka eluthandweni, eClemsy kunye nenkwenkwana ye-infrared. Emva kwexesha uSushkova uyakuqonda ukuba wenza impazamo ebulalayo, egculela abo bangamadoda ngelishwa.

IYunivesithi yaseMoscow ngexesha le-mingail lermoontov

Ukuwa kwe-1830, i-mikhail lermoontov yangena kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow ngokukhetha iSebe lokuziphatha nezopolitiko. Iminyaka emibini yafunda kunye kunye ne-vissinsky, Alexander Herzen noNikolai Ogarev. Kwiminyaka yobudala, iLermontov yabhala idrama "indoda engaqhelekanga", apho kwagwetywa iSerfudom. UMikhail wabonisa umsindo kwaye akamkelekanga, apho ootitshala babedlalwa khona kwiimviwo: lo mfana "bathatha" iimviwo.

Ukuhlala unyaka wesibini iLertontov yala kwaye yashiya iyunivesithi, ifudukele ngumakhulu wakhe kwi-St. Petersburg. Ukuzama ukufaka ikhosi yesibini kwakungekho sithsaba ngempumelelo: UMikhail wacela ukuqala kwasekuqaleni. Kwicebiso labahlobo kunye notatomzana, umfana wangena esikolweni kwabalindi ehambelana nabaqeqeshi baseCavari, apho wafunda khona iminyaka emibini, ebabiza ngokuba "boyikeka" ngenxa ye-marshtra yasemkhosini.

Kwi-St. Ingqondo ebukhali, ukulungela, ukuqhutywa komfana obhiyozela abahlobo kunye namanenekazi amakhulu.

Ngo-1835, imisebenzi yembongi yabonakala kuqala kwimithombo yeendaba. I-comrantode lermontov ngaphandle kolwazi lwayo lwanikwa ibali lesitampu "Haji Abrek."

Ukusuka kwisiqingatha sesibini sama-30s, i-mikhail lermontov ishicile ngokuzithandela. Abagxeki bamkela ngokufudumeleyo lo mbongo "Ingoma malunga ne-Tsar Ivan Vasneevich ...". Kwimibongo "ye-dagger" ("Umhlobo wam intsimbi"), "imbongi" kunye "ne-Duma" iLersontov ivakalisa iinjongo zemibongo yoluntu. Umxholo we-Folk, umlinganiswa waseRussia waphulukana nemibongo yeBorodino kunye neLizwe.

Umzekelo ocacileyo wokuthandana ubizwa ngokuba "yindibano yaseSoil", eprintwe kuqala "kumanqaku asekhaya". Ukufunda imigca, iingqondo zengqondo zembongi eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala ziyaqondakala.

Kwiminyaka yobomi bakhe eSt.

Ukuqhekeka kwasekuqaleni kweLermonition Leliyithi yenzekile ngo-1837, emva kokupapashwa kwempendulo enomsindo kukusweleka kuka-Alexander Puykin. Lo mbongo "Ukufa kwembongi", owugwebayo umbulali kunye no-teindie ukwazi imigaqo-siseko yentlekele, efundela yonke iRussia. Abahlobo bakaSungkin nabalandeli betalente yakhe badibana nombongo oncomekayo, kwaye iintshaba, kuquka amanenekazi e-Dantes entle, enomsindo.

Ukufundisisa malunga nokusabela kakubi kwehlabathi, i-mikhail lermoontov yongeze ubuqaqawuli. Umbongo wokuqala uphelelwe ngumtya: "Kwaye ngomlomo weprinta yakhe." Ukuqhubeka kwalo mngeni 'wenzala ekhukhumeleyo ": kwiivesi abazibonileyo ukuba babhenele.

Amakhonkco

Emva kokuvela kombongo, iinkqubo zenkundla zilandelwa kwaye zibanjwa. Umlawuli uNicholas okokuqala wabona emva kwenkqubo. Umakhulu we-goonetor lermoonTOv kunye nabahlobo bakaSungkin, kubandakanya i-vasily andreevich zhukovsky, wazama ukuthambisa i-mikhail lermoontov. I-Buntar yathunyelwa kwikhonkco leCaucasus, i-Ensign kwiarhente yedrago.

Ikhonkco lokuqala lithathe iinyanga ezintandathu, kodwa itshintshe kakhulu i-Lermontov. Uhlobo oluhle lweCaucasus, ubomi beentaba, abantu basekhaya baboniswa kwimisebenzi yexesha le "caucasian". Kodwa ubutsha bembongi bunyibilikisiwe, buthatyathelwe indawo "emnyama."

Emva kokubuyela kwi-St. Petersburg ephezulu, i-mikhail lermoontov iphakathi koluleko: bayabathanda abanye kwaye bazoba abanye. ICaucasus iphefumle imbongi ukubhala imibongo ikhulelwe kwaye iqalile eMoscow: "Idemon" kunye "ne-MTSIR" yavela, ihambelana nezinye izincoko.

Emva kwekhonkco, i-mikhail lermoontov yazisa imisebenzi emitsha eSt. Petersburg, eprintwe kwinkupho nganye "yamanqaku asekhaya". I-mikhail yuryevich ingenise isangqa sabahlobo abasondeleyo Suckkin kwaye ikwinqanaba lokuthandwa. Usengama-twiple kunye ne-sarcastic. Ingxabano kunye nonyana we-Amben Amberte Ambeste Erneste de Baram nge-18 kaFebruwari kwaphela e-duel. I-LermonTOv kunye ne-De Baanta yavuma kuMlambo omnyama, hayi kude nendawo yeDuel i-dabkin ineenzwakazi. I-Ernest de Reffered, kwaye i-mingail lermoontov idutble ecaleni.

Malunga noDuel afumanisa ukuba abaphathi, imbongi ibanjiwe yadluliselwa kwinkundla yasemkhosini. Umlawuli ofundiswe ukuba athumele i-denuel kwiCaucasus okwesibini, kodwa ngoku kwimanyano yomkhosi olwa nomgca wangaphambili. I-Lermontov yahlulahlula, ibonisa inkalipho, kodwa ngokomyalelo kaNicholas akafumananga amabhaso okuqala.

Omnye wemibongo yokugqibela yembongi "ndiphuma ngenye indlela" - yavela ekupheleni kukaMeyi 1841. Abagxeki babona kuyo "isiphumo se-lyrical yemfuno", apho i-miselail lermoontov ibhenelwe kwiNdlela yasemhlabeni. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokubulala, imbongi yabhala le vesi "iprinta", iprinta iminyaka emi-2 emva kokuba efile.

Iinoveli

Kwi-St.

I-Nikolay Burlyyaev njenge-mingail lermoontov

Kodwa i-Apotheosis ye-Lermontov iyinoveli "yeli xesha lethu", ebhalwe ngo-1840, kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba ife. Umfanekiso wePeculorina uboniswa kwimvelaphi eyahlukileyo yobomi boluntu lwaseRussia. Ukuphikisana phakathi kobunzulu bendalo ye-perilin kunye nokungachumi kwezenzo yi-Autobiographical. I-noves entsha yenoveli kwi-pusecychologiz yengqondo kunye nokubhengezwa kobomi bengqondo, ekungekho namnye kubabhali baseRussia.

UNikolai Gogol, ingonyama iTolstoy kunye ne-Anton Chenkov inomdla waseRoma.

Ubomi Buqu

I-Mikhail LermonNtov yabhala:

"Ndithandwa kathathu-kathathu ngaphandle kwethemba."

Imbongi, ngokwenkcazo yamanenekazi exeshana, ayizange ibubuhle. I-Melglery, iCicechenist, ukujonga amehlo amnyama kukugculela, uncumo alunyanzelwanga, umfana onovayo, ofana nomntwana ongonakalisiyo kunye nomntwana ongendawo.

I-Mikhail Lermontov kunye ne-Ekaterina Sushkova

I-Treate Tevery Tevery Lerions tshatile: Exaterna Sushkov, apho i-mikhail yathandana ngo-16, eNatali ivana, eyanikezelwa kumjikelo we-Ivanovsky, uBarbara Lopukhin, olwathanda imbongi ebomini bakhe.

I-Mikhail Lermontov kunye natalia Ivanova

I-SUTYKANGVA MAKHAIL Leithail Lermoontov AveMet kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva. Emva kokuba efunde ukuba le ntombazana yayiza kutshata, wacaphukisa umtshato, edlala inkanuko kunye nokumangalisa kukaKatone. Umtshakazi waphazanyiswa emehlweni okukhanya ixesha elide. Imbali yobudlelwane obubi ikhumbuza umgca wothando lwenoveli "yeli xesha lethu".

I-mikhail lermoontov kunye neBarbara Lopukhina

Iindaba zoMtshato Verniki Lopukhina Imbongi yamkelekile kakhulu. Xa i-varvara itshatile, i-Lermontov ayizange imbizele kwifani yomyeni wakhe - iBakhmeva: Intanda yahlala ilolob.

Ukufa

Ubusika 1840-41 yayikukugqibela kwe-lermoniv. Weza kwiholide eSt. Petersburg, uphupha ngokubuyisela kwakhona umsebenzi wokulawula kunye nomsebenzi woncwadi. Umakhulu, owayephupha ngumkhosi wakhe kumakhulu kaThixo kwaye akazange azahlukane noncwadi, wasweleka uMikhail ukuba angenise umsebenzi. Kwi-Caucasus Lermontov yabuya nentliziyo enexhala.

EPyatiguesk bekukho i-quarrel yelitye le-mikhail lermontov ene-Martynov, eyadibana neMoscow kwaye yatyelela abazali bakhe. Emva kwexesha, uMaryynov wathi lermontov ayiphoswa naliphi na icala ePyatigersk ukuba ikhuphe i-knight kwidilesi yakhe.

I-duel yenzeka nge-27 kaJulayi 1841. Abachasi bavuma ukudubula "ngaphambi kwesiphumo." I-Mikhail Lermontov inyuswe phezulu, kwaye uMartynov - kugxininiso, kwisifuba sotshaba, simbulala. Indudumo eyaphukileyo kunye nokuthulula imvula kuthintele ukufika kukagqirha, kwaye umbongi ofileyo ubenzela ixesha elide emhlabeni.

I-duel mikhail lermoontova kunye ne-nikolai marynova

Kumngcwabo weLerimonsv, ngokuchasene neengxaki zabahlobo, kwakungekho dolophu yecawa. Kwi-Petersburg, iindaba zokufa kwembongi zidibana ngala mazwi: "Kukho indlela kuye." Ngokutsho kwememo yePavel vymerkky, inja ilahlekile inja, "kodwa emva kokuba inja enkulu yakufa, yaza yazisa loo nto ukuba" wabulawa. "

I-Lermontov yangcwatywa ngoJulayi 29, 1841 kumangcwaba lakudala le-piyatigersk. Kodwa emva kweentsuku ezingama-250, uMakhulu Mikhail Yharevich waphumelela imvume ye-Emperor malunga nothutho lomzimba ukuya kwi-terans.

Ngo-Epreli 1842, umzimba kwibhokisi ekhokelayo watshiswa kwi-chapel yosapho, ecaleni kukatat'omkhulu nonina.

Imemori

Iincwadi ze-Lermontov zinezinto ezininzi zokuphinda ziphile. Okokugqibela ngo-2014: Umsebenzi oqokelelweyo kwiivolumu ezi-4 eziprintiweyo yindlu "yendlu ye-typin yendlu" kwi-300 yeekopi ezingama-300.

Igama le-mikhail yurevich zizitrato, izikwere, amathala eencwadi eRussia nasePosiet-Soviet. E-Odessa, igama lembongi libizwa ngokuba yiLayibrari yeSixeko №16 kunye ne-sanatorium yekliniki.

Ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwi-mingail Lermontov in stavropol

Iplanethi encinci kwinani lama-2222, vula ngo-Matshi 1981, ogama linguMartontov.

Isikhumbuzo esiya eMikhail Yurevich Lermontov sakhiwa eGrozny kwiAmhammed Alime, ecaleni kwe-M. Yu. Idramaat ye-m. yu. Kumqolo weenyawo wembongi:

"Njengengoma yam yonke iqhagamshelwe yeyam, ndiyayithanda iCaucasus!".

I-Bibliography

"Haji Abrek"
"I-daemon"
"I-MTSYry"
"Borodino"
"Ingoma malunga ne-Tsar Ivan Vasneevich"
"Ingcinga"
IBale
"Fatalist"
Taman
"Hail"
"IzeMali Bay"
"Ukufa kwembongi"
"I-HRO YEMINYAKA YAKHO"